乳腺导管瘘的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨手术切除瘘管治疗乳腺导管瘘的方法及效果.方法 对62例乳腺导管瘘的临床资料进行回颐性分析.结果 本组112个瘘口中位于乳晕周围＜5 cm者92个.瘘管切开38例,34例治愈,4例复发;瘘管切除24例,均治愈.结论 临床证实,乳头内陷或乳头中央呈裂隙状改变、乳腺导管扩张是乳腺导管瘘的病因,瘘管切除或乳腺切除术是...     

胆内瘘53例临床治疗分析

目的探讨胆内瘘的诊断及治疗方法。方法对1998年3月~2005年7月收治的53例胆内瘘患者进行回顾性分析。结果11.3%(6/53)的病人术前诊断为胆内瘘,88.7%(47/53)的病人为术中发现;在胆内瘘类型中,52.8%(28/53)为胆囊十二指肠内瘘,13.2%(7/53)为胆囊胃内瘘,15.1%(8/53)为胆囊横结肠内瘘,7.5%(4/53)为胆总管十二指肠内瘘,11.5%(6/53)为胆囊肝总管内瘘。胆石性肠梗阻占胆内瘘的7.5%。结论胆内瘘术前诊断困难,对长期胆囊结石病人,尤其是发现胆道积气征应高度怀疑,其治疗方法可采用胆总管瘘口、肝总管瘘口、十二指肠瘘口、横结肠瘘口修补等方法,对胃瘘口可采用瘘口修补或胃部分切除处理。     

胰体尾切除术后胰瘘防治研究进展

胰体尾切除术(DP)较胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生率更高,胰瘘的有效防治是保障胰体尾切除术后安全的关键。诸多危险因素可以导致DP术后胰瘘的发生,具体划分为非技术因素和技术因素两个部分。但目前关于DP术后胰瘘危险因素的分析多为回顾性研究,且研究结果差异性较大,目前尚无统一的DP术后胰瘘的危险因素或预测模型。胰瘘的预防和治疗一直是胰腺外科关注的热点和焦点。预防DP术后胰瘘包括诸多措施,如胰腺断面处理方式及主胰管结扎等,胰瘘发生后的基础治疗主要有抑酸,抑酶,抗炎等。DP术后如何减少胰瘘,仍然是一个挑战。     

脱细胞真皮基质治疗伴高位盲瘘的复杂性肛瘘疗效观察(附39例报告)

目的探讨高位盲瘘的微创治疗方法,研究脱细胞真皮基质在高位盲瘘治疗中的应用价值。方法 39例高位盲瘘患者,手术分2期进行,经括约肌或括约肌间肛瘘合并高位盲瘘Ⅰ期齿线下瘘管切开、内口挂线并高位盲瘘旷置引流,括约肌上肛瘘切开内口并高位盲瘘旷置引流;Ⅱ期高位盲瘘脱细胞真皮基质填塞治疗。观察Ⅱ期手术时间、术中出血、术后疼痛、住院总天数、住院总费用及复发率等临床及相关指标。结果 39例患者中有26例获得Ⅰ期治愈,13例患者治疗失败,改行肛瘘切开挂线术后痊愈。高位盲瘘脱细胞真皮填塞术手术治愈率66.7%。括约肌上并发高位盲瘘治愈2例,治愈率100%,经括约肌并发高位盲瘘治愈6例,治愈率50%,括约肌间并发高位盲瘘治愈18例,治愈率72%。结论应用脱细胞真皮基质材料治疗高位盲瘘具有损伤小、愈合时间短、肛门失禁率低、外形保留好等优势,值得进一步推广。     

肠外瘘外科分型的CT表现

目的探讨肠外瘘分型的CT表现。方法对754例肠外瘘进行CT检查。参照临床分型．将肠外瘘分为管状瘘和唇状瘘2个类型，分别分析它们的CT征象。结果本组管状瘘518例（68．6％）．其CT征象为内、外口之间形成不均匀的管道；唇状瘘236例（31.4％），其CT征象特点是较大的外口呈唇状改变。肠外瘘的肠管和腹腔内改变表现为炎性病灶，其中管状瘘的腹腔和腹膜后脓肿发生率明显高于唇状瘘（P〈0．01），而唇状瘘的肠壁炎性改变发生率较高（P〈0．01）。结论肠外瘘具有特征性CT表现，CT检查有助于显示肠外瘘外科分型的影像学征象。     

Management of the immature autogenous arteriovenous fistula

A high-quality autogenous arteriovenous fistula provides the optimal access for hemodialysis. Following initial surgical construction of a fistula, the maturation process is driven by hemodynamic, cellular, and humoral factors that must result in increased blood flow, vessel dilation, and thickening of the vessel wall before the fistula can be successfully used for dialysis needle access. Different demands are placed on each fistula depending on the individual patient's hemodialysis requirements, which must be clearly understood to properly assess and treat the immature fistula. When spontaneous maturation fails to achieve a functional fistula, additional surgical or minimally invasive interventional procedures may be necessary to enhance the maturation process. Various techniques have been reported to achieve successful fistula maturation. The purpose of this article is to review the concepts of fistula maturation and the interventions that may be performed in cases where there is failure to mature spontaneously.     

A new nonoperative method of percutaneous transgastric fistulo-drainage for an intractable external pancreatic fistula —A case report—

The external pancreatic fistula is a well-known complication of pancreatectomy and is conventionally classified as either a partial fistula or a total fistula. A partial fistula usually closes spontaneously and operative intervention is rarely needed, whereas, a total fistula on the other hand, very often, does not close and may therefore require surgical intervention. We report herein, a case of an intractable total pancreatic fistula following pancreatoduodenectomy which was successfully repaired by a new nonoperative method of percutaneous transgastric fistulo-drainage (PTFD). This technique, performed under the control of a two-way X-ray television system, is safe and considered useful for the treatment of an intractable total pancreatic fistula. In the future, this may be the method of choice for the management of such refractory total pancreatic fistulae.     

A new nonoperative method of percutaneous transgastric fistulo-drainage for an intractable external pancreatic fistula--a case report

The external pancreatic fistula is a well-known complication of pancreatectomy and is conventionally classified as either a partial fistula or a total fistula. A partial fistula usually closes spontaneously and operative intervention is rarely needed, whereas, a total fistula on the other hand, very often does not close and may therefore require surgical intervention. We report herein, a case of an intractable total pancreatic fistula following pancreatoduodenectomy which was successfully repaired by a new non-operative method of percutaneous transgastric fistulo-drainage (PTFD). This technique, performed under the control of a two-way X-ray television system, is safe and considered useful for the treatment of an intractable total pancreatic fistula. In the future, this may be the method of choice for the management of such refractory total pancreatic fistulae.     

先天性肾动静脉瘘的DSA诊断与治疗

目的提高先天性肾动静脉瘘的诊治效果。方法应用肾动脉数字减影血管造影（ＤＳＡ）超选择性肾动脉介入栓塞方法诊治先天性肾动静脉瘘３例。结果３例经ＤＳＡ明确诊断,在栓塞术后当日肉眼血尿消失,２４～７２小时后尿常规正常。术后７２小时内有腰酸痛、低热、腹胀,无肾性高血压发生。结论ＤＳＡ是明确肾动静脉瘘的最佳诊断方法,可同时进行超选择性肾动脉介入栓塞,既保存了肾功能又达到止血目的     

Surgical management of piriform sinus fistula

Four cases of acute cervical abscess resulting from infection through the left piriform sinus fistula are described. The fistula seems to be related to the cause of infection in many of previously reported cases of acute suppurative thyroiditis or "recurrent lateral cervical fistula." Complete removal of the fistula is essential to a permanent cure, and the guide of a Fogarty catheter through the fistula is useful at operation for patients with repeated infection.     

胆囊十二指肠瘘30例临床分析

目的 探讨胆囊十二指肠瘘的诊断和外科治疗方法.方法 对1999年10月至2009年10月收治的30例胆囊十二指肠瘘临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 慢性结石性胆囊炎是引起胆囊十二指肠瘘的主要病因.术前通过内镜逆行胰胆管造影诊断1例.余病人均为术中明确诊断.30例均手术治愈,无十二指肠瘘发生.结论 胆囊十二指肠瘘术前诊断率低...     

肾动脉介入栓塞治疗肾动静脉瘘的临床观察

目的：提高肾动静脉瘘（AVF）的诊治效果。方法：应用肾动脉造影或数字减影血管造影（DSA）诊断肾动脉静脉瘘15例,并作超选择性肾动脉介入栓塞治疗。结果：15例均经肾动脉造影明确诊断。栓塞术后当天肉眼血尿.消失。结论：肾动脉造影是诊断肾动静脉瘘的最佳方法;超选择性肾动脉介入栓塞既保存了肾功能,又达到了止血目的。     

Superior Patency of Perforating Antecubital Vein Arteriovenous Fistulae for Hemodialysis

Primary failure was defined as fistula thrombosis, inadequate flow for hemodialysis, or a complication requiring ligation. Kaplan-Meyer life table analysis was used to determine primary fistula patency. The results were as follows: PAV fistulae had a primary patency rate of 80% at a median follow up of 36 months (1-124 months); the B-C fistula was 66% at a median 27 months (1-120 months), and the synthetic graft fistula was 64% at median 7 months (1-40 months). The primary patency rate of the PAV fistula was significantly better than the B-C fistula (p= 0.0015) or the synthetic graft fistula (p= < 0.0001). In conclusion, the PAV fistula has an excellent patency rate and appears to be a viable option for AV access after a failed B-C fistula or when a B-C fistula is not technically feasible.     

Bioprosthetic plugs for complex anal fistulas: an early experience

PURPOSE: The goal in the treatment of anal fistulas is to eliminate the fistula without a change in continence. No single technique exists that is appropriate for the treatment of all fistulas. Options include fistulotomy, use of setons, fibrin sealant, and advancement flaps. Recently, a bioprosthetic fistula plug has been described. The purpose of this study is to report the author's early experience with the bioprosthetic fistula plug and to compare the results of bioprosthetic plug closure of complex anal fistulas with those achieved with advancement flap repair. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed for patients treated with an anal fistula. Data collected included age, gender, fistula anatomy and etiology, previous repairs, comorbidities, procedure performed, pain scores, and fistula recurrence. RESULTS: Overall, 95 patients comprised the control group (43 men and 52 women), with transsphincteric or rectovaginal fistulas in 51 and 44 patients, respectively, managed by advancement flap repair of their fistula. The fistula recurred in 31 patients (32.6%) during a median follow-up of 10 months. Overall,18 patients had their fistula managed using the porcine fistula plug (12 men and 6 women), with transsphincteric or rectovaginal fistulas in 13 and 5 patients, respectively. The fistula recurred in 2 patients (12%) during a median follow-up of 6 months. CONCLUSION: Use of a porcine fistula plug for the management of complex anal fistulas is a new technique that, in the early experience, seems to yield results similar to advancement flap repair.     

A novel device for treating enteroatmospheric fistulae in the open abdomen

The formation of an enteroatmospheric fistula in the open abdomen is a severe complication. In comparison to enterocutaneous fistulae the management remains a challenge. Safety of the surrounding bowel or granulation tissue is a major problem. Suturing of the fistula is rarely successful. Otherwise limited resection and a new anastomosis of the intestine is often not possible. A variety of therapeutic procedures exists to separate the fistula from the surrounding wound. Combinations using vacuum therapy seem to be most effective. But none of the therapies used will match every situation. We present a novel -device for managing enteroatmospheric fistulae in combination with vacuum therapy. In most -cases separation of the fistula from the negative pressure on the surrounding wound is achieved. The fistula adapter allows for a safe build-up of granulation tissue with an effective drainage of fistula secretion. The novel device also supports split thickness skin grafting around the fistula.     

尿道下裂成形术后尿瘘的修补术改进

目的 探讨通过改进手术方法、手术技巧、尿道支架引流等方式,提高尿道下裂成形术后尿瘘修补的成功率.方法 分析、总结11例尿道下裂成形术及感染后20个瘘口患者的临床资料,小瘘口(直径小于3mm)17例、其中大瘘口(直径大于3 mm)3例.年龄4～42岁,平均15岁,其中瘘口位于冠状沟处3例,阴茎体部14例,阴茎阴囊交界处3例,采用改进补方法.结果 19个瘘口一次修复成功,一次修补成功率达95%.有1例术后发生漏尿,但瘘口比术前缩小.随访3个月-2年,均排尿正常,尿线有力,阴茎外观满意.结论 采用改进修补术,用于治疗尿瘘修复,操作简单,疗效确切.     

尿道下裂成形术后尿瘘的修补术改进

目的 探讨通过改进手术方法、手术技巧、尿道支架引流等方式,提高尿道下裂成形术后尿瘘修补的成功率.方法 分析、总结11例尿道下裂成形术及感染后20个瘘口患者的临床资料,小瘘口(直径小于3mm)17例、其中大瘘口(直径大于3 mm)3例.年龄4～42岁,平均15岁,其中瘘口位于冠状沟处3例,阴茎体部14例,阴茎阴囊交界处3例,采用改进补方法.结果 19个瘘口一次修复成功,一次修补成功率达95%.有1例术后发生漏尿,但瘘口比术前缩小.随访3个月-2年,均排尿正常,尿线有力,阴茎外观满意.结论 采用改进修补术,用于治疗尿瘘修复,操作简单,疗效确切.     

Lambeau d’avancement rectal

Rectal advancement flap is a surgical procedure for treating Crohn’s disease related or cryptogenetic fistula in ano and rectovaginal fistula. Success rates range from 50 to 90% depending on the etiology of the fistula. Postoperative morbidity is low, and this endoanal procedure is often performed as a first surgical step for complex or recurrent fistula.     

腹腔镜手术治疗胆囊结石致胆囊肠道内瘘17例报告

目的：探讨腹腔镜手术治疗胆囊结石致胆囊肠道内瘘的疗效。方法2008年1月～2013年6月,行腹腔镜手术治疗胆囊结石致胆囊肠道内瘘17例,均在腹腔镜下切除胆囊和瘘管,肠道瘘口腔镜下单纯修补为主,其中1例因胆囊十二指肠瘘口较大,行十二指肠瘘口T管引流术。对合并胆总管结石的6例,均在胆道镜取石后行一期缝合或T管引流术。结果胆囊肠道内瘘的类型：单纯胆囊十二指肠瘘8例,胆囊胃瘘1例,胆囊横结肠瘘1例,胆囊十二指肠瘘合并胆囊横结肠瘘1例,胆囊十二指肠瘘合并胆总管结石5例,胆囊十二指肠瘘合并胆囊横结肠瘘、胆总管结石1例。手术时间50～150 min,平均95 min。术中出血量20～240 ml,平均55 ml。17例术后随访7～12个月,平均11个月,无肠漏、胆漏、胆道感染及肠梗阻等并发症发生。结论重视胆囊肠道内瘘患者的术前诊断和准备,术中仔细解剖操作,胆囊肠道内瘘腹腔镜下手术处理安全有效。     

高场磁共振成像在肛瘘诊断中的应用价值

为探讨1．5T高场磁共振成像（MRI）在肛瘘诊断中的应用价值,对31例临床诊断为肛瘘的患者术前应用1．5T高场磁共振体部相控阵列线圈进行轴位、矢状位、冠状位的多种序列的检查。结果发现,MRI诊断结果与手术诊断结果完全一致,吻合率达到100％。其中经括约肌肛瘘9例,括约肌间肛瘘16例,括约肌外肛瘘1例,括约肌上肛瘘5例。单纯性肛瘘11例,复杂性肛瘘20例。MRI对瘘管显示的敏感度为100％;对脓肿显示的敏感度为100％;内口有2例为假阴性,对内口显示的敏感度为93．5％。结果表明,应用1．5T高场MRI能准确定位肛瘘的内口、瘘管的走向及其与肛管直肠括约肌之间的关系,具有重要的临床实用和推广价值。