Colonic metastasis of Klatskin tumor： Case report and discussion of the current literature

INTRODUCTIONBile duct tumors are rare neoplasms with an incidence of 0.5-1/100 000[1]. Predisposing factors include mainly PSC with a thirty-fold increased risk as well as choledochal cysts and parasitic infections (clonarchis sinensis, opisthordis viverr…     

Submucous colon lipoma： A case report and review of the literature

Colon lipoma is remarkably rare in clinical practice. We reported a case of ascending colon lipoma in an 83-year-old woman. She was asymptomatic with a lipoma of 35 mm×30 mm×24 mm in size which was found by routine colonoscopy. Right hemicolectomy was performed uneventfully. The diagnosis was made by histological examination. Reviewing the literature and combining with our experience, we discussed the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of this uncommon disease.     

Correlation between expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and the presence of inflammatory cells in human primary hepatocellular carcinoma： Possible role in tumor promotion and angiogenesis

AIM: To investigate the association of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression with angiogenesis and the number and type of inflammatory cells (macrophages/Kupffer cells; mast cells) within primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and adjacent non-tumorous (NT) tissues. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for COX-2, CD34, CD68 and mast cell tryptase (MCT) was performed on 14 well-characterized series of liver-cirrhosis-associated HCC patients. COX-2 expression and the number of inflammatory cells in tumor lesions and surrounding liver tissues of each specimen were compared. Moreover, COX-2, CD34 staining and the number of inflammatory cells in areas with different histological degrees within each tumor sample were comparatively analyzed. RESULTS: The percentage of COX-2 positive cells was significantly higher in NT tissues than in tumors. COX-2 expression was higher in well-differentiated HCC than in poorly-differentiated tissues. Few mast cells were observed within the tumor mass, whereas a higher number was observed in the surrounding tissue, especially in peri-portal spaces of NT tissues. Abundant macrophages/ Kupffer cells were observed in NT tissues, whereas the number of cells was significantly lower in the tumor mass. However, a higher cell number was observed in the well-differentiated tumor and progressively decreased in relation to the differentiation grade. Within the tumor, a positive correlation was found between COX-2 expression and the number of macrophages/Kupffer cells and mast cells. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between CD34 and COX-2 expression in tumor tissues. Comparison between well- and poorly-differentiated HCC showed that the number of CD34-positive cells decreased with dedifferentiation. However, COX-2 was the only independent variable showing a positive correlation with CD34 in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: The presence of inflammatory cells and COX-2 expression in liver tumor suggests a possible relationship with tumor angiogenesis. COX-2 expressing cells and the number of macrophages/Kupffer cells and mast cells decrease with progression of the disease.     

Aggressive behaviour of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas in adults：A case report and review of the literature

Solid-pseudopapillary tumor （SPT） is a rare neoplasm of the pancreas that usually occurs in young females. It is generally considered a low-grade malignant tumor that can remain asymptomatic for several years. The occurrence of infiltrating varieties of SPT is around 10%-15%. Between 1986 and 2006, 282 cystic tumors of the pancreas were observed. Among them a SPT was diagnosed in 8 patients （2.8%） with only one infiltrating variety. This was diagnosed in a 49-year-old female 13 years after the sonographic evidence of a small pancreatic cystic lesion interpreted as a pseudocyst. The tumor invaded a long segment of the portal- mesenteric vein confluence, and was removed with a total pancreatectomy, resection of the portal vein and reconstruction with the internal jugular vein. Histological examination confirmed the R-0 resection of the primary SPT, although a vascular invasion was demonstrated. The postoperative course was uneventful, but 32 mo after surgery the patient experienced diffuse liver metastases. Chemotherapy with different drugs was started. The patient is alive and symptom-free, with stable disease, 75 mo after surgery. Twenty-five patients with invasion of the portal vein and/or of mesenteric vessels were retrieved from the literature, 16 recent patients with tumor relapse after potentially curative resection were also retrieved. The best treatment remains a radical resection whenever possible, even in locally advanced or metastatic disease. The role of chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy, is still to be defined.     

Alpha-fetoprotein triggers hepatoma cells escaping from immune surveillance through altering the expression of Fas／FasL and tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand and its receptor of lymphocytes and liver cancer cells

AIM: To investigate the mechanism ofα-fetoprotein (AFP) in escaping from the host immune surveillance of hepatoc-ellular carcinoma. METHODS: AFP purified from human umbilical blood was administrated into the cultured human lymphoma Jurkat T cell line or hepatoma cell line, Bel7402 in vitro. The expression of tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptor (TRAILR) mRNA were analyzed by Northern blot and Western blot was used to detect the expression of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) protein. RESULTS: AFP (20 mg/L) could promote the expression of FasL and TRAIL, and inhibit the expression of Fas and TRAILR of Bel7402 cells. For Jurkat cell line, AFP could suppress the expression of FasL and TRAIL, and stimulate the expression of Fas and TRAILR. AFP also could synergize with Bel7402 cells to inhibit the expression of FasL protein and TRAIL mRNA in Jurkat cells. The monoclonal antibody against AFP (anti-AFP) could abolish these functions of AFP. CONCLUSION: AFP is able to promote the expression of FasL and TRAIL in hepatoma cells and enhance the expression of Fas and TRAILR in lymphocytes. These could elicit the escape of hepatocellular carcinoma cells from the host's lymphocytes immune surveillance.     

Disseminated tumor cells homing into rats′ liver： A new possible mechanism of HCC recurrence

AIM: To detect the origin of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurring and attempt to propose a new recurrent mechanism. METHODS: Orthotopic liver allotransplantation was performed on male rats with HCC- induced by diethylnitrosamine using female donors. Metastatic tumors in transplanted livers were obtained. A DNA probe that exhibits specificity for the rat Y chromosome was generated by using a set of primers specific to murine sry gene. In situ hybridization (ISH) for Y chromosome was used to detected the origin of HCC recurring. Male HCC tissue was designed to be positive control. ISH on female tissue and using non-labeled with DIG probe was thought to be negative control. RESULTS: Positive marks were seen through ISH for Y chromosome in recurrent tumor tissue and positive control. No signal was detected in both negative controls. CONCLUSION: Recurrent HCC after liver transplantation originated from disseminated tumor cells in recipients. Extrahepatic cells homing into liver may be a new HCC recurrence mechanism. Likewise, it implicates that this mechanism is responsible for HCC recurring after hepatectomy.     

Crohn＇s disease in Stockholm County during 1990-2001： An epidemiological update

AIM:To further assess of the incidence and localizationof Crohn's disease (CD) in a well-defined populationduring the 1990s and to evaluate the prevalence of CDon the 1~(St) of January 2002.METHODS:In a retrospective population basedstudy,all 16-90 years old citizens of Stockholm Countydiagnosed as having CD according to Lennard Jones'criteria between 1990 and 2001 were included.Case identification was made by using computerizedinpatient and outpatient registers.Moreover privategastroenterologists were asked for possible cases.Theextent of the disease and the frequency of anorectalfistulae were determined as were the ages at diagnosis.Further,the prevalence of CD on the 1~(St) of January 2002was assessed.RESULTS:All the 1389 patients,689 men and 700women,fulfilled the criteria for CD.The mean incidencerate for the whole period was 8.3 per 10~5 (95%CI 7.9-8.8).There was no difference between the genders.The mean annual incidence of the whole study period forcolorectal disease and ileocecal disease,was 4.4 (95%CI4.0-4.7) and 2.4 (95%CI 2.1-2.6) per 10s,respectively.Perianal disease occurred in 13.7% (95%CI 11.9-15.7%)of the patients.The prevalence of CD was 213 per 100000 inhabitants.CONCLUSION:The incidence of CD has markedlyincreased during the last decade in Stockholm Countyand 0.2% of the population suffers from CD.Theincrease is attributed to a further increase of colorectaldisease,while the incidence of ileocecal disease hasremained stable.     

Detection of lymph nodes micrometastases in Dukes＇ A and B colorectal cancer using anti-cytokeratin antibodies AE1／AE3

AIM: To detect lymph nodes micrometastases and analyze its correlation with clinicopathological parameters in Dukes' A and B colorectal cancer patients. METHODS: One hundred and fourteen patients with colorectal cancer (Dukes' A 16; Dukes' B 98) undergoing curative operation without histological lymph nodes metastases were studied between 2001 and 2003. A total of 2 481 lymph nodes were analyzed using monoclonal cytokeratin antibody AE1/AE3 (DAKO, Carpinteria, CA) for immunohist-ochemistry. RESULTS: In total, 33 (29%) patients were positive for cancer cell by immunohistochemistry. In 31 (94%) patients of them positive nodes showed single tumor cell or small groups of tumor cells; and tumor deposits measuring 0.2 and 0.37 mm in diameter in another 2 (6%) patients. Micrometastases were mainly located in the subcapsular sinus or paracortical sinus. There was no correlation between the positive lymph nodes and gender, age, tumor site, tumor size, histological type, histological grade, invasion depth, Dukes' staging and microsatellite instability (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that immunohist-ochemical technique using monoclonal cytokeratin antibody AE1/AE3 may be a sensitive and reliable method for detecting lymph nodes micrometastases in Dukes' A and B colorectal cancer. The clinical significance of lymph nodes micrometastases is still not confirmed.     

Direct invasion to the colon by hepatocellular carcinoma： Report of two cases

Although hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is a common tumor, direct invasion of the gastrointestinal tract by HCC is uncommon. Recently, we encountered two cases of HCC with direct invasion to the colon. The first patient was a 79-year-old man who underwent transarterial chemo-embolization （TACE） for HCC 1.5 years prior to admission to our hospital. Computed tomography （CT） showed a 7.5-cm liver tumor directly invading the transverse colon. Partial resection of the liver and transverse colon was performed. The patient survived 6 mo after surgery, but died of recurrent HCC. The second patient was a 69-year-old man who underwent TACE and ablation for HCC 2 years and 7 months prior to being admitted to our hospital for melena and abdominal distension. CT revealed a 6-cm liver tumor with direct invasion to the colon. The patient underwent partial resection of the liver and right hemicolectomy. The patient recovered from the surgery. But, unfortunately, he died of liver failure due to liver cirrhosis one month later. Although the prognosis of HCC that has invaded the colon is generally poor due to the advanced stage of the disease, surgical resection may be a favorable treatment option in patients with a good general condition.     

A case of idiopathic colonic varices： A rare cause of hematochezia misconceived as tumor

Colonic varices are a very rare cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Fewer than 100 cases of colonic varices, and 30 cases of idiopathic colonic varices (ICV) have been reported in the English literature. Among these 30 cases of ICV, 19 cases were diagnosed by angiography, and 7 operated cases were diagnosed later as ileocecal vein deficit, hemangioma, and idiopathic in 1, 1, 5 cases, respectively. We report the case of a 24-year-old man who suffered from multiple episodes of hematochezia of varying degree at the age of 11 years. He had severe anemia with hemoglobin of 21 g/L. On colonoscopy, tortuously dilated submucosal vein and friable ulceration covered with dark necrotic tissues especially at the rectosigmoid region were seen from the rectum up to the distal descending colon. It initially appeared to be carcinoma with varices. Mesenteric angiographic study suggested a colonic hemangioma. Low anterior resection was done due to medically intractable and recurrent hematochezia. Other bowel and mesenteric vascular structures appeared normal. Microscopic examination revealed normal colonic mucosa with dilated veins throughout the submucosa and serosa without representing new vessel growth. Taken all of these findings together, the patient was diagnosed as ICV. His postoperative course was uneventful.     

Action and mechanism of Fas and Fas ligand in immune escape of gallbladder carcinoma

AIM: To study the role of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) in biological behaviors of gallbladder carcinoma, and their correlated action and mechanism in tumor escape. METHODS: Streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry technique was used to study the expression of Fas and FasL protein in 26 gallbladder carcinoma tissues, 18 gallbladder adenoma tissues, 3 gallbladder dysplasia tissues and 20 chronic cholecystitis tissues. Apoptosis of the infiltrating lymphocytes in these tissues was studied by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Expression of both proteins and apoptosis of the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in cancer tissues of primary foci was compared with clinicopathological features of gallbladder carcinoma. RESULTS: The positive rates of Fas were not significantly different among carcinoma, adenoma, dysplasia and chronic cholecystitis. The positive rate of FasL in carcinoma was significantly higher than that in chronic cholecystitis (X^2= 4.89, P<0.05). The apoptotic index (AI) in carcinoma was significantly higher than that in adenoma (t‘= 4.19, P=<0.01) and chronic cholecystitis (t‘= 8.06, P=<0.01). The AI was significantly lower in well-differentiated carcinoma and Nevin Ⅰ-Ⅲ carcinoma than that in poorly-differentiated carcinoma (t‘= 2.63, P=<0.05) and Nevin Ⅳ-Ⅴ carcinoma (t‘= 3.33, P<0.01). The confidence interval (CI) of infiltrating lymphooltes in adenoma, chronic cholecystitis, well-differentiated carcinoma and Nevin Ⅰ-Ⅲ carcinoma was very significantly lower than that in carcinoma (t‘ = 6.99, P<0.01), adenoma (t‘ = 3.66, P<0.01), poorly-differentiated carcinoma (t‘ = 5.31, P<0.01) and Nevin Ⅳ-Ⅴ carcinoma (t‘ = 3.76, P<0.01), respectively. The CI of apoptosis of infiltrating lymphocytes in well-differentiated carcinoma was significantly lower than that in poorly-differentiated carcinoma (t = 2.52, P<0.05), and was not significantly lower in Nevin Ⅰ-Ⅲ carcinoma than in Nevin Ⅳ-Ⅴ carcinoma (t = 1.42, P>0.05). Apoptosis of infiltrating lymphocytes was not discovered in adenoma and chronic cholecystitis. CONCLUSION: FasL expressed in gallbladder carcinoma cells permits tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance of organism by inducing apoptosis in infiltrating lymphocytes of carcinoma tissues. Up-regulation of FasL expression plays an important role in invasive depth, histological classification and metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma.     

Fas receptor counterattack against tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in vivo as a mechanism of immune escape in gastric carcinoma

We investigated the presence and functional status of surface expression of the Fas receptor (FasR) and its ligand (FasL) in tumor and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in gastric carcinoma (n=36) from the primary locus, metastatic gastric carcinoma (n=30) from malignant ascites, and benign gastric mucosa (n=30) for the control. The quantitative analysis was based on the percentage of positive cells by a flow cytometry. The results showed that the membrane-bound FasL molecule was constitutively expressed in primary and metastatic gastric carcinomas as well as normal gastric epithelium in nearly all the patients. In particular, metastatic carcinoma proved to aberrantly express the FasL molecule. On the other hand, FasR expression ranged from minimal or absent in primary and metastatic gastric carcinomas, suggesting that the carcinoma might be rendered less sensitive toward FasR-induced killing. Apoptotic tumor cells detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) were barely identified in primary and metastatic carcinomas. In the analysis of TIL, the expression of FasR and FasL, and apoptotic TIL could not usually be observed in primary gastric carcinoma. In metastatic carcinoma, however, there was significant overexpression of FasR and FasL in immune TIL associated with a higher frequency of apoptotic cell death detected by TUNEL. The results suggest that metastatic carcinoma expressing FasL, but not FasL⁺ primary carcinoma, might evade the immune attack by apoptotic depletion of activated TIL through the FasR/FasL systems. These results provide the direct and quantitative evidence of FasR counterattacks and/or paracrine fratricides as a mechanism of tumor-immune escape in vivo in human cancer. Received: 29 March 2000 / Accepted: 30 June 2000     

Role of cytokines in promoting immune escape of FasL-expressing human colon cancer cells

AIM: To investigate the potential role of cytokines in promoting Fas ligand (FasL)-expressing colon cancer cells. METHODS: Immunohistochemical SABC method was used to observe the expression of Fas receptor and ligand in SW620 colon cancer cell line and Jurkat T cells in order to provide the morphological evidence for the functions of Fas receptor and ligand. To examine the cytotoxicity of effector cells, CytoTox96 non-radioactive cytotoxicity assay was adopted to measure the lactate dehydrogenase-releasing value after SW620 cells were co-cultured with Jurkat T lymphocytes. RESULTS: The FasL of colon cancer SW620 cells was positive. The positive substances were distributed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. The Fas receptor of colon cancer SW620 cells was negative. The Fas receptor and ligand of Jurkat T lymphocytes turned out to be positive. The positive substances were distributed in the cell membrane. After phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated Jurkat T lymphocytes were co-cultured with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-plus-ionomycin-stimulated (for 48 h) SW620 cells or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-stimulated (for 48 h) SW620 cells or unstimulated SW620 cells for 4 h, the cytotoxicity of SW620 cells to PHA-stimulated Jurkat cells at effector-to-target ratios of 10:1, 5:1, 2.5:1, and 1.25:1 was 74.6%, 40.8%, 32.4%, and 10.9% (F= 8.19, P<0.05); or 54.9%, 35.3%, 22.0%, and 10.3% (F= 11.12, P<0.05); or 14.9%, 10.5%, 6.9%, and 5.8% (F = 3.45, P<0.05). After PHA-stimulated Jurkat T lymphocytes were co-cultured with unstimulated SW620 cells for 8 h, the cytotoxicity of SW620 cells to PHA-stimulated Jurkat cells at effector-to-target ratios of 5:1, 2.5:1, and 1.25:1 from the experiment was 83.9%, 74.1%, and 28.5% (F=137.04, P<0.05) respectively. Non-radioactive cytotoxicity assay showed that the apoptotic rate of Jurkat cells remarkably increased with the increase of planting concentration of SW620 cells and co-culture time after the SW620 cells were co-cultured with the Jurkat T lymphocytes. The cytotoxicity was significantly enhanced by PMA+ionomycin or TNF-α. CONCLUSION: The FasL expressed in human colon cancer cells may be regulated by endogenous factors in the microenvironment of the host and facilitate the escape of tumor cells from the host immune system.     

Mechanism of counterattack of colorectal cancer cell by Fas/Fas ligand system

AIM: To determine the role of Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) in the immune escape of colon cancer cells. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of Fas and FasL in the tissues of colon cancer patients. In situ hybridization was used to detect the localization of FasL mRNA expression in cancer tissues. Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and CD45 staining were performed to detect the apoptosis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Co-culture assays of colon cancer cells (SW480) and Jurkat cells (Fas-sensitive cells) were performed to observe the counterattack of colon cancer cells to lymphocytes. RESULTS: Of 53 cases of colon carcinomas, 23 cases (43.4%) expressed Fas which was significantly lower as compared to the normal colonic mucosa (73.3%, P<0.01), and 45 cases (84.9%) of colon carcinomas expressed FasL, whereas only two cases (3.75%) in normal mucosa expressed FasL. FasL expression in the colon cancer cells was found to be associated with increased cell death of TILs. The apoptotic rate of TIL in the FasL-positive staining regions of tumor cells was significantly higher than that in the FasL-negative staining region (54.84±2.79% vs 25.73±1.98%, P<0.01). The co-culture of SW480 cells and Jurkat cells confirmed the function of FasL on the SW480 cells. The apoptotic rates of Jurkat cells were found to be related with the amount of SW480 cells. CONCLUSION: Colon cancer cells can escape the immune surveillance and killing via decreasing Fas expression, and can counterattack the immune system via increasing FasL expression. Fas/FasL can serve as potential targets for effective antitumor therapy.     

Fas/FasL系统表达与结直肠癌的研究进展

细胞凋亡是指在一定生理和病理情况下,机体为维护内环境的稳定而发生的主动性细胞死亡过程,即程序性死亡.由死亡受体与其配体相互作用是引起细胞凋亡的主要途径之一,其中Fas/FasL系统是被认为最主要的介导细胞凋亡的信号转导途径.大肠癌是严重威胁人类健康的常见恶性肿瘤之一,大肠癌的发生、发展与细胞凋亡的调节失衡有关.本文就Fas/ FasL系统表达与结直肠癌发生发展的关系及相关方面研究作一综述.     

大肠癌组织中Fas配体表达与肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞凋亡的关系

目的　探讨大肠癌组织Fas配体 (FasL)表达与肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞 (TIL)凋亡的关系。方法　应用免疫组织化学染色和原位杂交方法 ,检测 3 0例大肠癌组织连续切片的FasL蛋白和mRNA的表达。应用免疫组织化学染色和原位末端杂交标记法 (TUNEL)检测 3 0例大肠癌组织连续切片的FasL表达阴性区和阳性区中TIL细胞总量和正处于凋亡状态的TIL细胞数。TUNEL法检测 3 0例大肠癌不同FasL表达区肿瘤细胞的凋亡情况。结果　①大肠癌组织FasL呈高表达 ,3 0例大肠癌组织中均有FasL表达 ,且每张切片中均有 75%以上的组织表达FasL。②FasLmRNA的表达部位与FasL蛋白的表达部位相对应。③不论是在同一组织切片不同部位或两组织切片间相比 ,FasL表达程度和范围都不均匀。同一组织切片中 ,FasL阳性表达区TIL细胞数比FasL阴性表达区减少 ,后者是前者的 2 .88倍。④同一组织切片中 ,FasL阳性表达区正在凋亡的TIL细胞数比FasL阴性区增多 ,前者是后者的 2 .13倍。⑤FasL表达阴性区肿瘤细胞的凋亡率 (81.2 % )比FasL阳性区 (3 7.4% )高 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　大肠癌细胞可通过表达FasL ,诱导TIL发生凋亡 ,反击机体免疫系统     

胃癌患者血清可溶性FasL的变化及意义

应用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测45例胃癌患者血清中可溶性FasL(sFasL)水平,并取30例健康献血员为对照。结果显示,胃癌患者术前血清sFasL为(15.24±1.25)μg/L,30例健康献血员sFasL病理为(4.21±1.13)μg/L。两组比较P<0.01。胃癌患者术前血清sFasL含量[(15.24±1.25)μg/L]显著高于术后(5.36±1.19)μg/L],P <0.01,且分期越高、分化程度越低、有淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径>3cm者,术前血清sFasL越高。提示胃癌患者血清中含有sFasL,且sFasL在胃癌免疫逃逸、反击机制中起重要作用;术前胃癌血清中sFasL水平可作为术后随访和判断预后的一个重要指标。     

NOD小鼠口服胰岛素对胰岛Fas及其配体表达的影响

目的观察口服胰岛素对ＮＯＤ小鼠糖尿病和胰岛炎发生情况的影响以及观察口服免疫耐受后胰岛Ｆａｓ和Ｆａｓ配体（ＦａｓＬ）表达的改变情况。方法将雌性ＮＯＤ小鼠６４只,随机分为两组：一组（３０只）给予磷酸缓冲液（ＰＢＳ）５００μｌ,另一组（３４只）给予胰岛素１ｍｇ加ＰＢＳ５００μｌ,５周龄开始给药,第１周两次,以后每周一次至３０周。采用免疫组化染色法观察了口服免疫耐受治疗后ＮＯＤ小鼠胰岛组织Ｆａｓ和ＦａｓＬ的改变情况。结果口服胰岛素能明显减少胰岛炎和糖尿病的发生,对照组１４周龄即出现糖尿病而胰岛素组２６周龄才出现糖尿病,２６周龄时两组的发病率分别为１１％和７９％（Ｐ＜０．００１）,Ｆａｓ出现在糖尿病小鼠而ＦａｓＬ出现在胰岛素喂饲后的小鼠。结论口服胰岛素能明显减少胰岛炎和糖尿病的发生,口服胰岛素诱导的ＦａｓＬ表达在胰岛素阻止糖尿病和胰岛炎的发生机制中起一定的作用