Behavioural assessment of pinealectomy and foetal pineal gland transplantation in rats: Part II

Summary Pineal gland is an endocrine organ which exerts regulatory effects on the activity of various organs and systems. The present study was undertaken to highlight in experimental animals the possible integrative function of this endocrine organ on a behavioural pattern. Pinealectomy and foetal pineal gland transplantation to a subpial cortical area close to the pinealectomized region was performed. Behaviour was defined through motor activity induced by low (2 mg/ kg) and high (10 mg/kg) doses of amphetamine in rats.It was shown that pinealectomy produced significantly different patterns of behaviour induced by low and high doses of amphetamine. In sham operated animals low dose amphetamine induced a significant locomotor stimulation but without stereotyped activity. High dose amphetamine induced stereotyped activity. After pinealectomy even low dose amphetamine preoduced the behavioural pattern of stereotyped activity resembling a high dose amphetamine-induced behaviour. This differential effect of amphetamine, seen in pinealectomized rats, was completely restored after transplantation.On the other hand, melatonin treatment did not generate a significant alteration of behavioural profile either in the control or pinealectomized group of rats.Results are discussed with regard to the general regulatory function of the pineal gland.The paper has been awarded the 1993 Upjohn prize for Neurosurgical Research of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies.     

The effect of pinealectomy and foetal pineal transplantation on collagen ageing in rats

Summary Recent progress in pineal research emphasized the importance of this circumventricular organ in the phenomenon of ageing as well. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effects of pineal gland on collagen ageing by spectrofluorometrically measuring collagen-cross-link bound fluorescein. Experiments were performed on three different age groups of rats (3–4 weeks, 8–10 weeks, 15 and more weeks). Fluorescein values were found to increase causally by age in the control group. Eight weeks after sham operation of all the groups fluorescein level increments were shown to be parallel with the values of normal physiological ageing values. In experimental groups; in 3–5 weeks old rats pinealectomy produced a significant premature collagen ageing and this was found to be completely reversed by foetal pineal gland transplantation, but the reversal was limited to a sham operation level. On the other hand although a premature collagen ageing was found to be induced 8 weeks after pinealectomy in 8–10 weeks old rats with a statistical significance both within subject values and between sham operation and pinealectomy, foetal pineal gland transplantation was found not to reverse the premature ageing induced by pinealectomy. In 15 weeks old and older groups of rats, pinealectomy was found to facilitate the intrinsic ageing phenomenon of collagen with statistical significance again both within subject values and between sham operation and pinealectomy. Foetal pineal gland transplantation was not performed in this age group of rats. On interpretation of the data of pinealectomy against sham operation for all the age groups, the maximum degree of percentage increase in collagen-cross-link bound fluorescein was found in 3–5 weeks old rats (%218). The percentage increase in fluorescein values was found to be %170 and %126 in 8–10 weeks old and 15 weeks old and older rat groups, respectively. Consequently, we have experimentally shown the induction of collagen ageing by pinealectomy and the restorative competence of foetal pineal gland transplantation in the present study. The results seem to be impressive and details of the ageing process are the subject of further research.     

The effects of pineal gland transplantation on the production of spinal deformity and serum melatonin level following pinealectomy in the chicken

Pinealectomy frequently produces spinal deformity in some animal models, but the precise biological mechanism of this phenomenon remains obscure. The current study investigated the effects of an autograft pineal body on the development of spinal deformity and serum melatonin (MLT) concentration after pinealectomy in the chicken. Thirty-six chickens (2 days of age) were divided into three equal groups. While the removal of the pineal gland was performed in groups B and C, a pineal body autograft was surgically implanted into the body wall musculature only in the pineal transplantation group (group C). Chickens in which no surgical intervention was performed served as intact controls (group A). Posteroanterior radiographs of the spines of the chickens were taken at the age of 8 weeks. These were used to determine Cobb angles and to measure the rib-vertebra angles (RVA) on the concave and convex sides of the curves, from which data the difference between the convex and concave RVA (the RVAD) was calculated. At the end of the study, serum MLT levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and histopathological examination of specimens from all the groups was performed. The results were compared using one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan's test for pairwise comparisons or by the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney U tests for comparisons between two groups. In this study, the serum MLT levels in groups B and C were significantly lower than those in group A ( P<0.05). However, scoliosis developed in only 7 of 12 (58%) in group B and 6 of 12 (50%) in group C. The average Cobb angle and RVAD in groups B and C were significantly larger than those found in group A ( P=0.000 and P=0.001, respectively). Interestingly, there were no significant differences in either serum MLT levels or development of scoliosis between groups B and C. From the results of the current study, it is evident that the intramuscular pineal gland transplantation following pinealectomy in young Hybro Broiler chickens has no significant effect on the development of spinal deformity and serum MLT level. In the light of this result, the role of MLT in the development of spinal deformity in chickens after pinealectomy remains controversial, and further investigations are warranted.     

Outcome after renal transplantation. Part I: Intellectual and motor performance

Comprehensive information on neurodevelopmental outcome in children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease is still limited. Intellectual performance (IP) and motor performance (MP) were systematically assessed in 27 patients at a median age of 14.1 years (range 6.5-17) and 6 years (range 0.5-12.7) after renal transplantation (RTPL). IP was analyzed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-III) in 25 patients and by the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children in two patients. MP was evaluated by the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment. Median full- scale intelligent quotient (FSIQ) was 97 (range 49-133). Twenty-one patients had an FSIQ >or= 85 (i.e. >or= mean-1 standard deviation). The five patients with neurological comorbidity had a median FSIQ of 81 (range 49-101). Verbal IQ (VIQ) (median 104; range 50-146) was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than performance IQ (PIQ) (median 88; range 48-117). The PIQ was significantly lower compared with controls (p < 0.007), and patients scored significantly lower compared with controls in five of 11 subtests of the Wechsler Scale. All MP tasks were significantly (p < 0.01) lower than in controls, and also in children without neurological comorbidity. Socioeconomic status was significantly correlated with FSIQ (p = 0.03). IP after RTPL was within the normal range for the majority of children. PIQ was lower compared with VIQ, and MP was significantly affected in all children after RTPL.     

Morphological and physiological changes of interstitial cells of Cajal after small bowel transplantation in rats

Intestinal dysmotility has been reported to be associated with a decreased number of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). However, the chronological changes in ICCs after small bowel transplantation (SBT) have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the chronological change of ICCs after SBT. Orthotopic syngeneic SBT was performed in rats. Graft specimens were obtained at postreperfusion, and on 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 postoperative day (POD). Thereafter, immunohistochemical staining was performed and the spontaneous contractions measured. During the initial period after SBT, the temporal impairment of ICCs was found. In an immunohistochemical study, c-Kit-positive cells appeared to decrease on POD 0, 1, and 3. Thereafter, the number of cells increased gradually up to POD 7. In contrast, the recovery of the spontaneous contractile amplitude took more time. The frequency of the electrical signal was preserved at almost exactly the same levels throughout this experimental period. Although the network of ICCs was found to be temporarily impaired after SBT in an immunohistochemical examination, this change was reversible. Moreover, the recovery of the function of the intestinal motility associated with ICCs was delayed after the early postoperative period.     

内皮祖细胞移植治疗慢性深静脉血栓形成的实验研究

目的 研究内皮祖细胞(endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs)移植对慢性深静脉血栓的治疗作用. 方法 Ficoll法分离大鼠骨髓单个核细胞(bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells,BMMNCs),采用内皮祖细胞培养基(EGM-2MV)诱导分化为骨髓源性EPCs.建立大鼠慢性深静脉血栓模型,饲养至10 d,并分三组:A组(25只):单纯EPCs组,移植1 ml含有10~6 个EPCs细胞悬液;B组(25只):EGM-2MV培养基对照组,移植1 ml EGM-2MV培养基;C组(25只):空白对照组.移植后第14天取出血栓段下腔静脉及血栓,应用HE染色及vWF免疫组化染色观察血栓机化再通情况,高倍镜下计数血栓内毛细血管数目;Western blot检测血管内皮生长凶子(VEGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)的蛋白表达变化;实验数据采用SPSS13.0软件进行分析.结果 体外成功培养了骨髓源性EPCs和构建了大鼠慢性深静脉血栓模型,EPCs移植后A组VEGF、bFGF的表达有明显的上调(P＜0.05).B组和C组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).移植后A组血栓再通毛细血管数目明显高于B、C组.免疫组化染色vWF确定再通管道为新牛血管,管道为内皮细胞组成.结论 EPCs为内皮细胞的前体细胞,移植到深静脉血栓中能够促进血管新生,加快血栓的机化和再通.     

兔颈部硬脊膜表面及椎板旁神经分布的实验研究

目的：观测兔颈部硬脊膜表面及椎板旁的神经分布规律,为颈性眩晕发病机理的研究提供实验依据.方法：20只新西兰兔,分为硬脊膜实验组及对照组、椎板旁实验侧及对照侧,分别于实验组（侧）（C6硬脊膜或C5椎板表面）喷涂辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）溶液、而对照组（侧）喷涂生理盐水,48h后切取双侧颈上神经节、颈下神经节（或星状神经节）及双侧脊神经节,按TMB法进行成色反应,光镜观察HRP标记细胞形态及其分布情况.利用辣根过氧化物酶逆行示踪技术,了解硬脊膜表面及椎板旁的神经分布规律.结果：硬脊膜实验组双侧C5～C7脊神经节内出现HRP标记细胞,椎板旁实验侧同侧C4～C6脊神经节内出现HRP标记细胞,交感神经节及对照组（侧）脊神经节内未出现标记细胞.结论：颈部硬脊膜表面的神经主要来自双侧脊神经节,相邻节段间有重叠分布;椎板旁的神经主要来自同侧脊神经节,且相邻节段间有重叠.     

预防肝癌肝移植后肿瘤复发转移的研究进展

目前即使是全球最先进的移植中心也有约1/3的受者为肝癌患者,原发性肝癌特别是早期肝癌已被世界多数器官移植中心列为肝移植的手术适应证之一,然而,由于术后肿瘤的转移和复发,很多患者将于术后2年左右死亡,其5年生存率仅为良性终末期肝病患者的50%.目前对此现象的研究无论从机制上、治疗上都尚浅尚少,如何预防肿瘤复发已成为肝移植外科必须面对的严峻挑战.显然,发现肝癌肝移植术后复发的分子机制及易感因素、探索适宜的肝癌肝移植标准以及加强围手术期处理是提高疗效的必由之路.     

肝移植治疗儿童急性肝衰竭：单中心8年治疗经验

目的  探讨肝移植治疗儿童急性肝衰竭（ALF）的疗效。方法  收集行肝移植的15例ALF患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析,统计同期儿童肝移植受者中ALF所占比例,分析ALF患儿肝移植手术特点、术后并发症及治疗转归情况。结果  同期儿童肝移植受者中ALF占2.0%（15/743）。15例ALF患儿均急性起病,多数伴有发热、腹泻、进行性皮肤及巩膜黄染加重。13例患儿术前合并肝性脑病（其中6例为4期脑病）,2例患儿术前合并骨髓抑制、粒细胞减少。10例患儿行亲属供肝的活体肝移植,4例行心脏死亡器官捐献（DCD）供肝肝移植,1例行多米诺供肝辅助性肝移植。15例患儿中,12例供、受者血型相同,1例血型相容,2例跨血型。15例患儿中,有10例术后出现并发症。术后并发脑水肿5例,其中4例死于弥漫性脑水肿,另1例为持续植物状态（睁眼昏迷）。术后发生巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染5例,2例术后出现再生障碍性贫血行骨髓移植治疗后生存,1例死于CMV性肝炎、病毒性脑炎,2例死于弥漫性脑水肿。1例患儿术后出现移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）,行骨髓移植后死于感染性休克。存活的9例患儿随访期间肝功能良好。结论  肝移植是治疗儿童ALF的有效手段,可以提高患儿的生存率。脑水肿是ALF患儿肝移植术后死亡的主要原因,应积极行降颅压、改善脑代谢及血液净化等治疗。在ALF患儿出现不可逆性神经系统损害前尽早行肝移植手术,有望延长患儿的生存期和改善其长期预后。     

Risk factors of tigecycline-associated fibrinogen reduction in patients with renal transplantation: a case-control study

BackgroundHypofibrinogenemia is a serious adverse reaction related to tigecycline administered against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and can lead to therapy termination. High dose and prolonged tigecycline therapy, renal failure, and base level of fibrinogen (FIB) were reported risk factors of tigecycline-associated FIB reduction. But results are unknown in patients with renal transplantation.MethodsA single-center and a case-control study involving renal transplantation patients was conducted. From January, 2017 to January, 2020, patients with a tigecycline course more than 2 days and a baseline FIB level greater than 2 g/L were enrolled. Hypofibrinogenemia was defined as plasma FIB <2.0 g/L. The extent of FIB reduction was calculated based on the baseline of FIB level before tigecycline administration. FIBRO was defined as the extent of FIB reduction over 50%, and FIBRB referred to the extent of FIB reduction below 50%. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed by logistic regression models to identify independent risk factors of tigecycline-associated FIB reduction.ResultsIn total, 120 patients were enrolled. A total of 114 patients (95.00%) developed with hypofibrinogenaemia. Hypofibrinogenemia mainly occurred 3 days after tigecycline administration. Of them, 79 (65.83%) developed FIBRO with a median occurrence of 3 [2–4] days after initiation of tigecycline. Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that the FIB level before tigecycline use [odds ratio (OR): 3.225, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.801–5.772] and total tigecycline dose (OR: 4.930, 95% CI: 1.433–16.959) were risk factors for FIBRO.ConclusionsThe FIB level before tigecycline use and total tigecycline dose were significantly associated with FIBRO, suggesting that FIB level and coagulation-related indicators should be closely monitored during tigecycline treatment to avoid life-threatening bleeding events.     

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders in kidney transplantation: histological and molecular genetic assessment

Abstract:  We performed histopathological and immunohistochemical studies, in situ hybridization (ISH) for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and molecular genetic analysis using the PCR method for the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene in six patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) to clarify these problems. In two patients, PTLD developed in the graft, and in the remaining four it developed in systemic lymphoid tissues or organs. In terms of morphological classification, lesions in the graft of two patients were polymorphic with features of rejection in the background. In the other four patients, three of them presented monomorphic lesions and the remaining one presented features of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. All the patients were positive for EBV as determined by ISH. The molecular genetic study could be performed for four patients, the cells in lesions of two patients were found to be monoclonal and those of the remaining two were polyclonal in IgH as determined by PCR. We conclude that PTLD are of two types, namely, intragraft PTLD and extra-graft PTLD. In the cases of intragraft PTLD their diagnosis is relatively difficult, because lesions are mixed with features of rejection. Molecular genetic analysis and detection of EBV by ISH are useful for diagnosis. In contrast, the diagnosis of extra-graft PTLD is easier than that of intragraft PTLD, by basing of the latest classification of malignant lymphoma. Grading of severity of PTLD should be carried out according to the newest system and protocols for treatment based on the grade of the lesion should be established as soon as possible.     

MiR-155在大鼠肝移植术后排斥反应中作用机制的研究

目的  探讨微小核糖核酸（miRNA,miR）-155在大鼠肝移植术后排斥反应中的作用机制。方法  将大鼠分为异系移植模型组（排斥组,n=10）,供体为雄性Lewis大鼠,受体为雄性BN大鼠;同系移植模型组（对照组,n=10）,供、受体均为雄性Lewis大鼠;两组均按照“二袖套法”建立大鼠原位肝移植模型。术后第7日处死大鼠取血标本和肝组织。检测肝功能指标丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、总胆红素（TB）以及细胞因子白细胞介素（IL）-2、IL-4、干扰素（IFN）-γ的水平;光学显微镜下观察肝组织的病理变化情况。对两组大鼠肝组织样本每组选取3例进行高通量测序,检测排斥反应相关miRNA,进行生物信息学分析,预测并分析其相关的信号通路以及基因。结果  肝功能检测显示排斥组大鼠血清中ALT、TB水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均为 P < 0.01）。外周血细胞因子检测显示,与对照组比较,排斥组的IL-2和IFN-γ水平升高（均为 P < 0.01）,IL-4水平下降（ P < 0.01）。病理检查结果提示,与对照组比较,排斥组发生了明显的排斥反应。高通量检测结果示排斥组miR-155表达上调明显,为对照组5.89倍。生物信息学分析提示,miR-155的上调表达与哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）及T细胞受体信号通路有关,可能参与调节的基因有酵母自噬基因（ATG1）及其同源基因ULK2、胰岛素样生长因子-1（Igf-1）以及G蛋白偶联受体的调节基因（Arrb1）等。结论  miR-155可能促进了大鼠肝移植术后排斥反应的发生发展,涉及此过程的信号通路可能有mTOR、MAPK信号通路及T细胞受体信号途径,ATG1、ULK2、Igf-1以及Arrb1等基因可能参与了此过程。     

Impact of living donor liver with steatosis and idiopathic portal inflammation on clinical outcomes in pediatric liver transplantation: Beijing experience

BackgroundTo evaluate the impact of steatosis and/or idiopathic portal inflammation (IPI) in living donor livers on recipients’ clinical outcomes.MethodsWe assessed 305 qualified donor liver samples from June 2013 to December 2018. Donors and recipients’ clinical characteristics, including follow-up data were retrieved. The graft and overall survival with/without steatosis or portal inflammation were compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis.ResultsFor living donors, the medium age of was 31.2 (28, 35.8) years old; liver histopathology showed macrovesicular steatosis: 0–5% 264/305 (86.6%) and 5–30% 41/305 (13.4%), IPI: no 220/305 (72.1%) and mild 85/305 (27.9%). For recipients, the medium age was 1.0 (0.6, 1.5) years old; the median pediatric-end-stage-liver-disease score was 16 (5.0, 26.0) and medium follow-up time was 32.8 (24.8, 52.0) months. Biliary atresia (69.5%) was the main indication for liver transplantation (LT).ConclusionsThe presence of steatosis and portal inflammation of the donor liver did not impact the clinical outcomes including transaminase or bilirubin normalization, short-/long-term complications and recipients’ survival. However, recipients with high pediatric-end-stage-liver-disease score (>16) receiving donor liver with portal inflammation, but not steatosis, had trend negative effect on recipients’ survival. In conclusion, donor livers with mild steatosis and portal inflammation were qualified for pediatric living donor LT. However, donor liver with mild portal inflammation would better not be allocated to recipients with high pediatric-end-stage-liver-disease score. This study provided new evidence in pediatric living donor liver allocation.     

Ultrasound in local anaesthesia. Part I: technical developments and background

The localisation of the nerve to be blocked is one of the special challenges in local anaesthesia. Since the first time local anaesthesia procedures were carried out approximately 100 years ago, the basic limitations of this method have always been the unsatisfactory success rate and the specific risks involved. Even by variation of the access route to the various nerves and use of different identification methods, no ideal blockade technique has been found which allows a 100% success rate and at the same time reduces the risks to a minimum. The clinical introduction of various aids, such as nerve stimulation or Doppler sonography, have brought no statistically significant advantages despite showing clear improvements. In recent years there has been a trend towards local anaesthesia in perioperative care due to the proven advantages and range of possibilities. Several working groups have developed methods for the sonographic identification of nerves or the epidural space and to an exact placing of needles or catheters from the information obtained. In this way the application of catheters and the injection of local anaesthetic agents can be carried out in an accurate and controlled manner. Although sonography is a procedure which has been used in local anaesthesia for over 10 years, there are at present only few practising local anaesthetists who can use this method. However, interest in this method is growing especially due to the aspect of quality assurance. Organising committees have established that this method will be the future direction. Perhaps even the prediction of Alon P. Winnie for ultrasound-guided local anaesthesia will become true: "Sooner or later someone will make a sufficiently close examination of the anatomy involved, so that exact techniques will be developed."     

后疫情时代的肺移植临床研究发展和未来展望

肺移植技术在全球经历了近半个世纪的发展,在中国也高速发展了二十余年,中国肺移植逐渐融入国际肺移植大家庭。2020年新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)疫情暴发,既是对中国肺移植发展的挑战,也使得全球同行关注中国肺移植发展,加速了国际间的交流与合作。随着对新冠肺炎重症患者肺移植的临床和基础研究逐步深入,移植科医师对于未来中国肺移植在供者的维护、高龄和儿童受者的选择、围手术期管理等方面有了更多的认知和思考。对于肺移植相关学科交叉领域的研究,需要开展设计优良、多方协作的临床试验,不断推进学科理论和实践的创新。     

门脉建立侧袖式大鼠肝/小肠整块联合移植模型

目的 建立大鼠肝、小肠整块联合移植模型.方法 用Wistar大鼠行同种异体肝、小肠整块联合移植.肝肠联合移植整块切取移植物时,保留门静脉完整性,利用供体腹段下腔静脉在门静脉侧壁上建立一侧袖,并安置套管.然后按kamada二套管法行原位肝移植,动脉重建通过供体腹主动脉与受体腹主动脉行端侧吻合以建立肠系膜上动脉及肝固有动脉血供.回肠末端在右下腹造瘘.结果 手术成功率为86%,动物平均存活时间大于30 d.病理组织学检查发现移植肝和小肠结构正常.结论 用门脉建立袖套式血管吻合技术施行大鼠肝、小肠整块联合移植模型是可行的.     

Longitudinal growth in children following kidney transplantation: from conservative to pharmacological strategies

Impairment of longitudinal growth in children with chronic renal failure (CRF) is multifactorial. It is mainly due to disturbances in the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/IGF-binding protein axis. Growth failure can be managed by optimizing nutrition and fluid/electrolyte homeostasis, and overcoming the growth-inhibiting effects of uremia by high-dose recombinant human (rh) GH treatment. A sufficient catch-up growth is one of the determining issues for the overall success of pediatric kidney transplantation (Tx). However, despite satisfactory renal function, spontaneous catch-up growth is often insufficient as glucocorticoid treatment is the main inhibiting factor for longitudinal growth after Tx. In addition, longitudinal growth may be jeopardized by low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and African American or Hispanic background. Supraphysiological doses of GH and/or IGF-I in vitro and in vivo can partially overcome the growth-inhibiting effects of glucocorticoid treatment. GH-associated increase of leukocyte proliferation and cytotoxicity with stimulated interferon synthesis have been demonstrated. However, it is not clear whether such stimulatory effects on leukocyte function are a transitory or a constant risk factor after organ Tx. Clinical trials of GH in children after renal Tx have suggested a rather moderate or transient effect of rhGH on the immune system, and corticosteroids induce a hyporesponsiveness to the action of GH. As long as corticosteroids are believed to be essential after renal Tx, rhGH should be considered to optimize longitudinal growth in children.     

肝移植术后谵妄的危险因素分析及预测指标评估

目的  分析肝移植术后谵妄（POD）的相关危险因素和预测指标。方法  回顾性分析232例肝移植受者的临床资料。根据有否POD将受者分为POD组（60例）和非POD组（172例）。比较两组肝移植受者的术中及术后情况,对肝移植受者POD发生的危险因素进行多因素分析,评估危险因素对肝移植受者发生POD的预测价值。结果  肝移植受者POD发生率为25.9%。POD组手术时间、无肝期长于非POD组,术中红细胞输注量、冷沉淀输注量、乳酸水平均明显高于非POD组（均为P < 0.05）;POD组术后丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、凝血酶原时间国际标准化比值（PT-INR）、血浆纤维蛋白原均明显高于非POD组（均为P < 0.05）。术前肝性脑病、血氨升高、终末期肝病模型（MELD）评分高,术后AST升高,术中无肝期长是肝移植受者发生POD的独立危险因素（均为P < 0.05）。术前血氨升高和MELD评分高对肝移植受者发生POD具有良好的预测价值,最佳截取值分别为42.6 μmol/L和18分,灵敏度分别为0.650和0.767,特异度分别为0.826和0.727。结论  肝移植受者POD发生率较高,其中术前肝性脑病、血氨升高、MELD评分高,术后AST升高,术中无肝期长为肝移植POD发生的独立危险因素。术前血氨升高、MELD评分高是预测受者发生POD的预测指标。     

心脏移植术后移植物血管病:阜外医院单中心长期随访结果总结

目的 总结心脏移植术后心脏移植物血管病变(CAV)的发生情况及其对患者长期存活的影响.方法 回顾性分析1006例心脏移植受者的临床资料,48例CAV患者中4例因缺失影像学证据未纳入分析.1002例受者中,根据CAV发生情况分为CAV组(44例)和无CAV组(958例).总结CAV的发生情况,比较两组患者的临床资料,分析...