人参皂苷Rg1对帕金森病小鼠黑质EphB1、ephrinB2表达的影响

目的探讨人参皂苷Rg1对帕金森病(PD)小鼠黑质中EphB1、ephrinB2表达的影响及其意义。方法将27只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和人参皂苷Rg1组。小鼠腹腔注射人参皂苷Rg1预防给药,腹腔注射1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)构建PD模型。观察小鼠游泳情况并评分。2 w后采用免疫组化方法检测小鼠黑质酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)的表达,采用RT-PCR法检测黑质EphB1、ephrinB2 mRNA的表达,采用Western印迹法检测黑质EphB1、ephrinB2蛋白的表达。结果模型组小鼠不同时间点游泳实验分值均显著低于对照组和人参皂苷Rg1组(P0.05);免疫组化结果显示模型组和人参皂苷Rg1组TH蛋白表达水平显著低于对照组(P0.05);RT-PCR结果显示模型组EphB1、ephrinB2 mRNA表达水平显著高于对照组和人参皂苷Rg1组(P0.01);Western印迹显示模型组ephrinB2蛋白表达水平显著高于对照组和人参皂苷Rg1组(P0.05)。结论人参皂苷Rg1可能通过降低EphB1、ephrinB2的表达而改善PD症状。     

NOD2基因敲除对帕金森病模型中黑质细胞凋亡的影响及对多巴胺神经元的保护作用

目的研究核苷酸寡聚结合域蛋白(NOD2)基因敲除对神经毒素1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)诱导的帕金森病(PD)模型小鼠黑质细胞凋亡的影响及对黑质多巴胺(DA)神经元的保护作用。方法将健康雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组(注射生理盐水)和PD模型组(注射MPTP),NOD2基因敲除小鼠随机分为NOD2对照组(注射生理盐水)和NOD2组(注射MPTP)。对注射14 d的各组小鼠进行旋转行为学检测鉴定建模效果,TUNEL法观察黑质细胞凋亡情况,Western印迹检测黑质组织中炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、细胞凋亡相关蛋白B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病(Bcl)-2和活化的含半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(酶切Caspase)-3的表达情况。免疫荧光染色法观察各组脑黑质脑酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)阳性神经元数目的变化,高效液相色谱荧光法检测DA和高香草酸(HVA)的含量变化。结果注射MPTP 14 d后,PD模型组和NOD2组均发生不同程度旋转(P0. 05),且模型组旋转次数显著高于NOD2组(P0. 05);TUNEL检测结果显示,与对照组和NOD2对照组相比,PD模型组和NOD2组凋亡阳性细胞数均明显增多(P0. 05),且NOD2组明显少于PD模型组(P0. 05)。Western印迹检测结果显示,与对照组和NOD2对照组相比,PD模型组和NOD2组TNF-α和酶切Caspase-3蛋白表达水平均明显升高(P0. 05),Bcl-2蛋白表达水平明显下降(P0. 05),且NOD2组TNF-α和酶切Caspase-3蛋白表达水平明显低于PD模型组(P0. 05),NOD2组Bcl-2蛋白表达量明显高于PD模型组(P0. 05)。PD模型组和NOD2组TH阳性神经元数量、DA和HVA含量较对照组和NOD2对照组均显著降低(P0. 05),且NOD2组均明显高于PD模型组(P0. 05)。结论 NOD2基因敲除对PD小鼠DA神经元具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与抑制注射MPTP引起的凋亡阳性细胞数、酶切Caspase-3和TNF-α蛋白表达的升高及减轻注射MPTP引起的Bcl-2蛋白表达、TH阳性细胞数、DA含量和HVA含量的下降有关。     

核酸疫苗免疫对帕金森病小鼠的治疗作用

目的探讨α-突触核蛋白（α-synuclein,α-syn）核酸疫苗免疫对MPTP慢性帕金森病（PD）小鼠的治疗效果。方法将该实验室成功构建的α-syn核酸疫苗-pVAX1-hα-Syn84-140用Qiagen试剂盒大量制备α-syn质粒;24只MPTP慢性PD小鼠随机分为3组：疫苗组、空质粒对照组和PBS对照组,各组小鼠分别肌注pVAX1-hα-Syn84-140重组质粒,pVAX1空质粒和PBS各100μl,共免疫3次,每次间隔3w,末次免疫后2w,观察小鼠行为学变化及中脑黑质α-syn表达和多巴胺能神经元数目变化。结果pVAX1-hα-Syn84-140核酸疫苗免疫组小鼠的类PD样症状与空质粒和PBS对照组相比显著减轻（P〈0.01）;小鼠中脑黑质α-syn表达较对照组减少约30%（P〈0.01）,且多巴胺能神经元数目较空质粒和PBS对照组增多了31%～39%（P〈0.01）。结论pVAX1-hα-Syn84-140核酸疫苗具有较强的免疫原性,能对帕金森病小鼠产生较好的免疫治疗作用。     

α-synuclein表达增高与免疫炎性反应在帕金森病发病机制中的作用

目的探讨1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)诱导的慢性帕金森病(PD)小鼠中脑黑质部α-突触核蛋白(α-synuclein,α-syn)表达与免疫炎性反应变化情况。方法采用MPTP小剂量长期注射诱导慢性PD小鼠模型,设置实验组和对照组,每组各10只小鼠,实验组给予MPTP/丙磺舒背部皮下注射,对照组给予生理盐水/丙磺舒背部皮下注射。注射完毕后3 w,观察小鼠行为学变化,在形态学上采用HE染色观察黑质细胞丢失情况,采用SP免疫组织化学法检测酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)和α-syn表达及中脑黑质CD11b和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达变化。结果与对照组相比,实验组小鼠出现竖毛,动作减少等类PD样症状;实验组小鼠中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元数目较对照组明显减少(P<0.01);α-syn表达较对照组明显增加(P<0.01);小鼠中脑黑质CD11b和TNF-α表达较对照组显著增加(P<0.01),且α-syn表达与CD11b表达成线性正相关(r=0.67)。结论 MPTP慢性PD小鼠中脑黑质部α-syn表达显著增加同时伴有小胶质细胞激活增加,炎性细胞因子分泌增加。     

MPTP诱导小鼠帕金森病亚急性模型和慢性模型的比较

目的探讨对比1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)诱导的帕金森病(PD)小鼠亚急性模型和慢性模型的行为学及组织病理学变化。方法亚急性模型C57/BL小鼠腹腔注射MPTP 25 mg/kg,每天1次,连续注射7 d;慢性模型C57/BL小鼠腹腔注射MPTP 25 mg/kg,每周注射2次,连续注射5 w。通过爬杆实验和悬挂实验检测小鼠的行为学变化;应用高效液相色谱法检测纹状体内多巴胺(DA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)的含量;应用免疫组化染色法检测中脑黑质酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)的表达。结果与对照组相比,慢性组小鼠行为学改变明显,而亚急性组小鼠无明显改变。在爬杆实验中,慢性组小鼠爬杆所用的时间长于亚急性组;悬挂实验中,慢性组小鼠悬挂时间低于亚急性组。两组小鼠纹状体DA含量明显降低(P<0.05),但慢性组与亚急性组相比DA含量降低程度更明显(P<0.05);而5-HT含量未见明显改变(P>0.05);中脑黑质致密部TH阳性细胞减少方面,亚急性组下降至对照组28%,慢性组下降至对照组的17%;慢性组HE染色切片中的神经细胞凋亡最多,而亚急性组神经细胞相对凋亡较少。结论 MPTP的PD小鼠慢性模型与亚急性模型相比,具有更明显的与人类PD相似的临床症状,是以后进一步研究PD病理生理学机制的潜在稳定模型。     

促红细胞生成素预处理在心肌缺氧复氧损伤中对凋亡相关基因表达影响的研究

目的：观察促红细胞生成素（erythropoietin,EPO）预处理在大鼠心肌缺氧复氧损伤（hypoxia/reoxygenation,H/R）中的抗凋亡效应以及对凋亡相关基因bcl-2及bax表达的影响。方法：Wistar成年雄性大鼠60只,分为2组,分别为对照组,EPO预处理组（EPO组）,每组30只,EPO组大鼠经腹腔注射5000U/kg重组人促红细胞生成素（Recombinant human erythropoietin,RHuEPO）,对照组注射同体积生理盐水。2组各15只大鼠于给药24h后,检测各项指标,其余15只大鼠置于常压缺氧环境中（O27%）12h后,移至常压常氧环境中2h,予H/R损伤,之后采取心肌标本,DNA末端转移酶标记法（TUNEL法）检测心肌细胞凋亡,免疫组化检测凋亡效应酶胱天蛋白酶-3（caspase-3）、凋亡相关基因B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2（B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2,bcl-2）及B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病相关x蛋白（Bcl-associated x protein,bax）蛋白表达水平,计算bcl-2/bax比值。结果：H/R损伤前2组心肌细胞凋亡率,caspase-3以及bax蛋白表达水平无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,EPO组bcl-2蛋白表达水平、bcl-2/bax比值显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）。H/R损伤后2组心肌细胞凋亡率,caspase-3、bax及bcl-2蛋白表达水平显著高于损伤前（P〈0.01）,而bcl-2/bax比值显著低于损伤前（P〈0.01）,EPO组的心肌细胞凋亡率、caspase-3蛋白表达水平显著低于对照组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,而bcl-2蛋白表达水平以及bcl-2/bax比值显著高于对照组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,2组bax蛋白表达水平差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论：EPO预处理在心肌H/R损伤中具有显著的抗凋亡效应;这一效应与其上调抗凋亡基因bcl-2的表达有关。     

电针促进帕金森模型小鼠黑质致密部蛋白激酶A、cAMP反应元件结合蛋白1表达

目的 探讨电针能否促进帕金森病(PD)模型小鼠黑质致密部蛋白激酶A(PKA)、cAMP反应元件结合蛋白1(CREB1)的表达.方法 以腹腔注射(30 mg/kg)甲基苯基四氢吡啶(MPTP)诱导形成PD小鼠模型,电针"合谷"、"太冲"穴,频率2～100 Hz,电压2～4 V,疏密波,每日1次,每次20 min,7次为1疗程,共治疗3个疗程后,采用免疫组化检测黑质致密部PKA、CREB1表达.结果 模型组PKA、CREB1积分光密度低于空白组(P＜0.05);电针组积分光密度高于模型组(P＜0.01).结论 电针可促进PD模型小鼠黑质致密部PKA、CREB1表达.     

磷酸化ERK1/2对帕金森病模型小鼠黑质半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3表达的影响

目的研究磷酸化ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)对1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6四氢吡啶(MPTP)所致帕金森病(PD)模型小鼠黑质中半胱氨酸蛋白酶(caspase)-3的调控作用。方法建立PD小鼠模型,观察小鼠行为学变化;免疫组化和免疫印迹法检测黑质酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)、caspase-3和p-ERK1/2的阳性细胞数和蛋白表达水平以及caspase-3酶活性改变,并观察给予p-ERK1/2特异性抑制剂U0126对上述变化的影响。结果与对照组相比,模型小鼠出现典型PD症状,TH蛋白水平下降约28.2%(P=0.009),p-ERK1/2、caspase-3阳性细胞及蛋白水平显著增加(P0.01);经ERK1/2抑制剂U0126处理后,上述变化均显著减轻(P0.01)。结论 P-ERK1/2对MPTP诱导的PD小鼠黑质caspase-3表达可能有调控作用,U0126对PD小鼠具有一定的神经保护作用。     

Calbindin D28k对帕金森病模型小鼠纹状体凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响

目的观察1-甲基4-苯基1,2,3,6四氢吡啶(MPTP)致帕金森病(PD)模型小鼠黑质多巴胺能神经细胞过表达Calbindin D28k(CB)时,纹状体细胞抗损伤作用机制。方法选择C57BL/6小鼠连续5 d腹腔注射MPTP,构建成功PD模型小鼠30只,随机分为模型组,人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)Ⅰ组(注射HIV Ⅰ)和CB-HIV-Ⅰ组(注射CB-HIV-Ⅰ),每组10只,连续6周对各组小鼠行为学检测,Western blot法检测各组小鼠CB,Bcl 2和Bax的表达变化。结果与模型组和HIV-Ⅰ组比较,CB-HIV-Ⅰ组小鼠各时间点移动格子次数,第1、2、5和6周站立次数,第6周时游泳和悬挂时间,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01);CB-HIV Ⅰ组小鼠中脑黑质中CB的表达量显著升高(P0.05),纹状体细胞中Bcl-2的表达量亦明显升高(P0.01),而Bax的表达量明显降低(P0.01)。模型组和HIV-Ⅰ组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论黑质多巴胺能神经细胞过表达CB时,纹状体细胞Bcl-2/Bax表达上调,提示其与纹状体细胞抗凋亡能力增强有关。     

复方青黛片治疗难治性、复发性急性早幼粒细胞白血病(附36例报告)

将71例难治性或复发性急性早幼粒细胞白血病（APL）患者随机分两组,治疗组用复方青黛片治疗,对照组用常规化疗或全反式维甲酸（ATRA）治疗,观察两组临床疗效及骨髓CD34^＋细胞bcl-2表达情况。结果治疗组完全缓解率、部分缓解率明显高于对照组（P均〈0.01）;两组骨髓CD34^＋细胞bcl-2蛋白产物的阳性率和OD值治疗后均降低,但治疗组降低幅度大于对照组（P〈0.01）。提示复方青黛片治疗难治性或复发性APL疗效确切;其机制可能是下调凋亡抑制基因bcl-2表达,诱导或促进骨髓CD34^＋细胞的分化和凋亡。     

Liver X receptor β protects dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson disease

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease whose progression may be slowed, but at present there is no pharmacological intervention that would stop or reverse the disease. Liver X receptor β (LXRβ) is a member of the nuclear receptor super gene family expressed in the central nervous system, where it is important for cortical layering during development and survival of dopaminergic neurons throughout life. In the present study we have used the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of PD to investigate the possible use of LXRβ as a target for prevention or treatment of PD. The dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra of LXRβ(-/-) mice were much more severely affected by MPTP than were those of their WT littermates. In addition, the number of activated microglia and GFAP-positive astrocytes was higher in the substantia nigra of LXRβ(-/-) mice than in WT littermates. Administration of the LXR agonist GW3965 to MPTP-treated WT mice protected against loss of dopaminergic neurons and of dopaminergic fibers projecting to the striatum, and resulted in fewer activated microglia and astroglia. Surprisingly, LXRβ was not expressed in the neurons of the substantia nigra but in the microglia and astroglia. We conclude that LXR agonists may have beneficial effects in treatment of PD by modulating the cytotoxic functions of microglia.     

Protective action of neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease

We examined the effects of 7-nitroindazole on the dopaminergic system in mice after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment. The mice received four intraperitoneal injections of MPTP (20 mg/kg) at 2 h-intervals. Administration of 7-nitroindazole showed dose-dependent neuroprotective effects against striatal dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) depletion 7 days after MPTP treatment. Behavioral testing showed that MPTP-treated mice exhibited motor deficits in the catalepsy test after 7 days, but 7-nitroindazole prevented the appearance of motor abnormalities in this test. The MPTP-treated mice exhibited the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-containing dopaminergic neurons in mice after 1, 3 and 7 days, but 7-nitroindazole-treated mice showed a protective effect. GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein)-positive astrocytes were accumulated in the striatum 3 and 7 days and in the substantia nigra 1, 3 and 7 days after MPTP treatment. In contrast, 7-nitroindazole prevented a significant increase in the number of GFAP-positive astrocytes in the striatum and substantia nigra after MPTP treatment. The reactive astrocytes in the striatum and substantia nigra after MPTP treatment increased the production of S100β protein, which is thought to promote neuronal damage, but 7-nitoindazole suppressed the expression of S100 β protein. Activation of microglia, with an increase in staining intensity and morphological changes, was observed in the striatum and substantia nigra 1 and 3 days after MPTP treatment, but 7-nitroindazole prevented a significant increase in the number of isolectin B₄ positive microglia in the striatum and substantia nigra. On the other hand, nestin- immunoreactive cells were increased significantly in the striatum 3 and 7 days after MPTP treatment. 7-Nitroindazole treatment facilitated nestin expression in the striatum 7 days after MPTP treatment. Thus, nNOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole protected dopaminergic neurons against MPTP neurotoxicity in mice and ameliorated neurological deficits. The results suggest that the neuroprotection is mediated though the modulation of glial activation, including the inhibition of S100β synthesis and the prevention of microglial activation. These results suggest the therapeutic strategy targeted to glial modulation with 7-nitoindazole offers a great potential for the development of new neuroprotective therapies for Parkinson’s disease.     

1-甲基-4-苯基-1，2，3，6-四氢吡啶致黑质多巴胺能神经元变性的分子机制的研究

目的：初步研究1－甲基4－苯基－1,2,3,6－四氢吡啶（MPTP）致黑质多巴胺能神经元变性的分子机制,方法：采用MPTP腹腔注射制备帕金森病褐鼠模型,利用mRNA差异显示技术获得在实验组及正常对照组黑质中差异表达的基因片段,应用反Northern杂交去除假阳性,对真阳性的表达序列标签（EST）进行克隆,测序及同源性比较,结果：用1个随机引物和锚定引物对进行差示反应,在实验组获得2个黑质特异表达的EST,其中1个被克隆,测序,为121bp,与人基因abl外显子1b有低的同源性,结论：MPTP致黑质社经元变性可能是通过改变促神经元凋亡基因表达而起作用。     

大鼠帕金森病发病过程中黑质细胞凋亡及其相关基因表达

目的观察帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)发病过程中黑质细胞凋亡变化规律,观察相关黑质细胞凋亡基因p53、Bax、热休克蛋白(HSP)的表达。方法通过脑立体定位注射6-羟基多巴胺(6-0HDA)的方法建立大鼠PD模型,采用TUNEL方法、免疫组织化学、尼氏染色等方法,选择术后1、7、14、21 d为研究时点,观察大鼠PD模型形成过程中尼氏细胞、黑质细胞凋亡的数量及相关基因变化情况,并检测黑质细胞p53、Bax、HSP表达情况。结果用TUNEL法发现黑质细胞存在细胞凋亡,与对照组存在显著性差异(P<0.05),各时点黑质细胞凋亡数逐渐增加,尼氏细胞则逐渐减少,随时间增加而升高,p53和HSP则在1 d为最高,其后很快下降,但都高于对照组(P<0.05),Bax蛋白表达逐渐减少。结论PD发病过程中黑质细胞凋亡参与其中,呈现一定变化规律,并受到p53、Bax和HSP的影响。     

Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) contributes to neurodegeneration in animal models of Parkinson's disease

Dopaminergic cell death in the substantia nigra (SN) is central to Parkinson's disease (PD), but the neurodegenerative mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. Iron accumulation in dopaminergic and glial cells in the SN of PD patients may contribute to the generation of oxidative stress, protein aggregation, and neuronal death. The mechanisms involved in iron accumulation also remain unclear. Here, we describe an increase in the expression of an isoform of the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1/Nramp2/Slc11a2) in the SN of PD patients. Using the PD animal model of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intoxication in mice, we showed that DMT1 expression increases in the ventral mesencephalon of intoxicated animals, concomitant with iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and dopaminergic cell loss. In addition, we report that a mutation in DMT1 that impairs iron transport protects rodents against parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxins MPTP and 6-hydroxydopamine. This study supports a critical role for DMT1 in iron-mediated neurodegeneration in PD.     

蛋白激酶C-胞外信号调节激酶1/2信号通路在尼古丁诱导的血管内皮细胞表达纤维溶解酶原激活物抑制物-1中的作用

目的 探讨蛋白激酶C(PKC)-胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)1/2信号通路在尼古丁诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)表达纤维溶解酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)中的作用.方法 体外培养HUVECs,采用不同实验条件尼古丁进行干预,ELISA法测定细胞上清液中PAI-1的浓度,观察尼古丁作用的最佳浓度和时间.进一步分别用PKC的抑制剂星型胞菌素staurosporine (STS)和ERK的抑制剂PD98059干预HUVECs,观察PKC或ERK被阻断后对尼古丁诱导的HUVECs 表达PAI-1的影响,ELISA测定各组细胞上清液中PAI-1蛋白的表达水平,RT-PCR检测各组细胞PAI-1 mRNA的表达.结果 100 μmol/L尼古丁组PAI-1蛋白水平[(22.6 ± 1.1)μg/L]明显高于对照组[(14.2± 2.8)μg/L,q=5.64,P＜0.05];以100 μmol/L 尼古丁分别与HUVECs孵育0、4、6、8、12及24 h,各组PAI-1蛋白表达呈时间依赖性升高,并在12 h达到高峰(F=32.063,P＜0.05);尼古丁组PAI-1 mRNA及蛋白含量[(1.32±0.20),(21.08±0.83)μg/L]明显高于对照组[(0.73±0.10),(13.39± 0.93)μg/L,q=8.43、11.97,均P＜0.05];尼古丁+STS组PAI-1 mRNA及蛋白含量[(1.07±0.10),(16.19±2.15)μg/L]较尼古丁组降低(q=5.61、7.61,均P＜0.05),但仍高于对照组(q=7.84、4.36,均P＜0.05);尼古丁+ PD98059组PAI-1 mRNA及蛋白表达[(1.12±0.11),(17.52±1.72)μg/L]低于尼古丁组(q=4.68、5.54,均P＜0.05),仍高于对照组(q=8.77、6.43,均P＜0.05).结论 PKC-ERK1/2信号通路在尼古丁诱导的血管内皮细胞PAI-1表达上调中发挥一定作用.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the role of protein kinase C (PKC)- extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signal pathway in the process of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) protein and mRNA expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) induced by nicotine. Methods HUVECs were cultured to examine the effect of nicotine on the expression of secreting PAI-1 in HUVECs on different experimental conditions. The expression of PAI-1 protein was measured by ELISA. PKC inhibitor staurosporine (STS)and ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 were used to detect PKC or ERK1/2 function on the expression of PAI-1 in HUVECs induced by nicotine. The PAI-1 mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR. Results The expression level of PAI-1 protein in 100 μmol/L nicotine treated group [(22.6±1.1) μg/L] increased significantly compared to the control group [(14.2±2.8) μg/L; q=5.64,P<0.05]. After stimulation with 100 μmol/L nicotine for 0,4,6,8,12 and 24 h, the levels of PAI-1 protein increased over time and reached the peak at 12 h (F=32.063,P<0.05).The PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression in nicotine treated group [(1.32±0.20), (21.08 ± 0.83) μg/L] increased significantly compared to the control group [(0.73±0.10), (13.39±0.93) μg/L; q=8.43,11.97,all P<0.05].Compared with nicotine treated group , the PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression in nicotine and STS treated group [(1.07±0.10),(16.19±2.15) μg/L] decreased significantly(q=5.61,7.61, all P<0.05), but still higher than the control group (q=7.84,4.36, all P<0.05). In nicotine and PD98059 treated group, the PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression [(1.12±0.11),(17.52±1.72) μg/L] decreased significantly compared to the nicotine treated group(q= 4.68,5.54, all P<0.05), still higher than the control group (q=8.77,6.43, all P<0.05). Conclusion PKC-ERK1/2 signal pathway may play a partial role in the up-regulation of PAI-1 induced by nicotine in HUVECs.     

琼枝麒麟菜多糖对白血病细胞株HL-60凋亡的影响

目的观察琼枝麒麟菜多糖(EGP)对白血病细胞株HL-60凋亡的影响。方法分别采用100、200、400 mg/L的EGP处理HL-60细胞。采用荧光显微镜观察HL-60细胞形态、MTT法测定细胞株的增殖抑制情况,流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡率,逆转录—聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Fas表达情况。结果200、400 mg/kg的EGP作用后HL-60细胞出现典型的凋亡形态学变化,HL-60细胞抑制率增加;凋亡抑制基因Bcl-2表达下调,促凋亡基因Fas表达上调。结论琼枝麒麟菜多糖能诱导HL-60细胞发生典型凋亡。     

MPTP对小鼠和淀粉样蛋白对大鼠处理后相关脑区NAP1基因表达的影响

目的 研究1－甲基－4－苯基－1，2，3，6－四氢吡啶（MPTP）和β－淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）对小鼠或大鼠相关脑区核小体组装蛋白－1（NAP－1）基因表达的影响。方法 通过MPTP腹腔注射诱导C57BL小鼠产生类似帕金森病症状，Aβ脑室注射诱导SD大鼠产生类似阿尔茨海默病症状，利用逆转录PCR方法检测小鼠黑质与纹状体及大鼠皮质与海马NAP－1mRNA丰度的变化。结果 在小鼠中，MPTP导致黑质NAP－1基因表达显著降低，而对纹状体NAP－1的表达没有明显影响。在大鼠中，Aβ对海马与皮质NAP－1基因的表达均无明显影响。结论 NAP－1很可能参与了MPTP诱导的神经元调亡过程，但在Aβ诱发的神经元凋亡过程中可能不起作用。     

NADPH oxidase mediates oxidative stress in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of uncertain pathogenesis characterized by a loss of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) dopaminergic (DA) neurons, and can be modeled by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Both inflammatory processes and oxidative stress may contribute to MPTP- and PD-related neurodegeneration. However, whether inflammation may cause oxidative damage in MPTP and PD is unknown. Here we show that NADPH-oxidase, the main reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme during inflammation, is up-regulated in SNpc of human PD and MPTP mice. These changes coincide with the local production of ROS, microglial activation, and DA neuronal loss seen after MPTP injections. Mutant mice defective in NADPH-oxidase exhibit less SNpc DA neuronal loss and protein oxidation than their WT littermates after MPTP injections. We show that extracellular ROS are a main determinant in inflammation-mediated DA neurotoxicity in the MPTP model of PD. This study supports a critical role for NADPH-oxidase in the pathogenesis of PD and suggests that targeting this enzyme or enhancing extracellular antioxidants may provide novel therapies for PD.