不同血液净化方式对尿毒症患者血清脂蛋白和炎性因子的影响

目的通过监测尿毒症患者血液透析(HD)、血液透析灌流(HDP)、血液透析滤过(HDF)治疗前后血清脂蛋白及相关炎症因子指标的变化,探讨三种不同血液净化方式对血清脂蛋白和炎性因子的影响。方法将48例尿毒症患者随机分为HD、HDP、HDF3组,分别于血液净化前、血液净化后4个月,检测血浆脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、载脂蛋白B100(ApoB100)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)指标。结果 HD组血清HDL、LDL、ApoB100、ApoA1、LPL浓度HD前后无变化,LP(a)、CRP、TNF-α浓度升高;HDP组血清LP(a)、HDL、LDL、ApoB100、ApoA1、CRP、TNF-α浓度均较净化前和HD组低,LPL浓度无变化;HDF组血清LP(a)、LDL、ApoB100、CRP、TNF-α浓度均较净化前、HD组降低,LPL浓度升高,HDL、LDL、ApoB100、ApoA1、LPL浓度较HDP组高。结论 HD可激活尿毒症患者免疫炎症反应,升高血清LP(a)浓度;HDP可减少相关炎性因子、降低血脂的各项指标;HDF通过改善LPL活性降低血清LP(a)、LDL浓度,对HDL影响不大。     

新药物和新剂型

总胆固醇(TC)、极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL),特别是低密脂蛋白(LDL)的水平增高被认为是形成冠状动脉疾病(CAD)的危险因素。而高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平增高则降低CAD的危险性。因此,降低TC、LDL和VLDL是防治冠状动脉粥样硬化等心血管系统疾病的关键。     

碱提类肝素组分Ⅱ对两种脂酶及血脂的影响

观察了静脉注射C_2对家兔脂蛋白脂酶、肝脂酶及血浆脂蛋白的影响。结果表明,C_2可升高血浆两种脂酶的活性,升高血浆HDL-c和HDL-c/TC,降低(VLDL+LDL)-c和TC,且HDL—c升高和(VLDL+LDL)—c降低与脂蛋白脂酶活性。     

一种微量,快速的高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇测定法

动脉粥样硬化与脂质代谢紊乱,特别是与血浆胆固醇浓度升高有密切关系。临床上测定血清中胆固醇含量作为诊断动脉粥样硬化与脂质代谢紊乱的指标。近年来,关于高密度脂蛋白(HDL)对动脉粥样硬化具有保护和防止作用,而低密度脂蛋白(LDL)具有致病作用的报导为数不少。大量的流行病学调查与临床研究发现,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL—CH)水平与冠心病发病率呈负相关,而低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL—CH)呈正相关。因此同时测定血清中 HDL—CH 和 LDL—CH 的含量,以及它们的比值,比单独测定总胆固醇有较大的临床诊断意义。测定 HDL—CH 和     

硫酸甘糖酯对鹌鹑实验性动脉粥样损害的影响(英文)

雄性鹌鹑用高脂饲料喂养8wk能形成典型的高脂血症和动脉粥样硬化斑块,给动物po硫酸苷糖酯(PGMS)50及25 mg·kg~1·d~1,能明显抑制鹌鹑血清总胆固醇TC及(LDL+VLDL)C水平的升高,提高HDL C/TC及HDL_2/HDL_3 C比值,实验8 wk末,高脂组动脉病变重,斑块发生率为91.7％(11/12);PGMS高,低剂量组动脉病变轻,斑块发生率分别为25.0％(3/12)及41.7％(5/12).光镜和电镜观察表明,用药组动脉内膜增生明显轻于高脂组,提示硫酸甘糖酯对平滑肌细胞的增生具有抑制作用,并能延缓动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展。     

抗动脉粥样硬化新药尼坎纳汀

不仅脂质、胆固醇和甘油三酯水平增高，而且脂蛋白尤其是低密度脂蛋白（LDL）的修饰，均促进动脉粥样硬化的过程。由于内皮机能损伤，导致血管壁通透性增加，收缩性加强，扩张性减弱，血栓形成加速。当脂蛋白和巨噬细胞流进血管壁，使平滑肌细胞（SMC）增生和泡沫样细胞生成，更促使动脉粥样硬化。因此，抗动脉粥样硬化的药物应具有干扰不同的危险因子和（或）干扰动脉硬化斑块形成的细胞过程。抗动脉粥样硬化新药尼坎纳汀（nicanartine），能降低胆固醇和甘油三酯水平，防止脂蛋白的氧化，以及体内外实验中能减少SMC增生，从而延缓动脉…     

贻贝多糖MA对实验性动脉粥样硬化兔的作用

目的 探讨贻贝多糖MA对实验性动脉粥样硬化兔的降血脂作用及其机制,并观察其对肝脏和主动脉的影响.方法 采用喂养高脂饲料的方法建立实验性动脉粥样硬化兔模型,连续给予MA 4周后,测定兔血脂水平,如血清三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）水平,以及与血脂代谢相关酶如脂蛋白酯酶（LPL）、肝酯酶（HL）、羟甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶-A还原酶（HMG-CoAR）活性;并进行肝脏的病理组织学和超微结构检查;油红染色观察兔主动脉粥样硬化斑块的脂质沉积情况.结果 贻贝多糖MA能显著降低实验性动脉粥样硬化兔血清TG、TC、LDL水平,并显著增加HL和LPL的活性（P＜0.05）.MA能减轻肝脏脂质沉积,减少主动脉粥样硬化斑块的脂质沉积和斑块形成.结论 贻贝多糖MA通过增加HL和LPL活性发挥调血脂功能,可用于防治家兔动脉粥样硬化和脂肪肝.     

降脂药物的选择

降低高血浆胆固醇浓度的药物能预防动脉粥样硬化的形成，减慢动脉粥样硬化的进程和消退动脉粥样硬化的病损，也能增加冠状动脉扩血管作用。所有这些药物均需长期持续服用，因为停药后血浆胆固醇浓度通常又回升至治疗前水平。1脂蛋白、甘油三酯和载脂蛋白血浆中大多数胆固醇由低密度脂蛋白（LDL）所携带，高血浆LDL浓度与发生冠心病的危险性增高有关。而血浆高密度脂蛋白（HDL）浓度增高却能降低冠心病的危险性。甘油三酯在血浆中主要由极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）携带，并对冠状动脉粥样硬化的致病也起·一定作用。载脂蛋白是脂蛋白的蛋白…     

碱提类肝素组分Ⅱ对血浆两种脂酶与血脂的影响

碱提类肝素组分Ⅱ(简称C_2)是采用碱性工艺从猪十二指肠粘膜中提取的一种酸性粘多糖,对其抗血栓、调整血脂等方面已进行了大量的研究。本研究观察静脉注射C_2对动物脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)、肝脂酶(HL)及血浆脂质成分的影响。选用SD系大鼠、随机分为三组,分别给予生理盐水、肝素和C_2(给药剂量两者折合抗凝效价基本相同,为250u/kg)。用药前及药后15分钟分别心脏取血,分离血浆测定LPL及HL活性。结果发现静脉注射C_2可使血浆LPL及HL活性升高,且C_2作用强于肝素。另选用健康雄性家兔,分组及给药剂量同前,同法取血制备血浆,分别测定LPL、HL活性。酶法测定血浆中TC、HDL-ch,计算(VLDL+LDL)-ch和HDL-ch/TC。结果表明,C2可升高血浆中两种脂酶活性,HDL-ch和HDL-ch/TC,降低(VLDL+LDL)-ch和TC,HDL-ch升高和(VLDL+LDL)-ch降低与LPL活性呈相关,提示用药后血浆脂质变化由药物释放脂酶所致。     

海带对高脂血症大鼠血脂水平的调节作用机制

目的探讨海带对高脂血症大鼠血脂的调节作用机制。方法雌性Wistar大鼠40只,高脂饲料喂养建立高脂血症动物模型,海带粉饲料喂养干预治疗。血生化法检测大鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平及脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)和肝脂酶(HL)的活性。结果海带治疗组动物血清TG和TC水平较治疗前和模型组显著下降(P<0.05)。LDL水平显著低于模型组(P<0.05),而HDL、LPL和HL水平均显著高于模型组(P<0.05)。结论海带可能通过增强LPL和HL的活性,影响TG、TC、LDL和HDL等血脂组分的代谢,而发挥调节血脂水平的作用。     

某些药物对大鼠血浆和肝脏脂蛋白脂酶活性及血浆胆固醇的影响

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is one of the most important factors in lipoprotein metabolism. The plasma and liver LPL activities (indicaded by fatty acid release), the ratio of LPL activity to total lipase activity and theoplasma cholesterol levels in rats treated with drugs were determined so as to study the relationship between LPL and lipoprotein metabolism.Plasma LPL activity is negatively related to the total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. As the liver LPL activity, increased, the plasma LPL activity also increased. When rats were treated with insulin, phenytoin or Radix Polygonum multiflorum, the plasma and liver LPL activities and the ratio of LPL activity to total lipase activity increased, whereas the plasma total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased. No significant effect of phenytoin on the total cholesterol level was observed, When large doses of phenytoin were used, the plasma very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein cholesterol level increased and the ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol decreased.     

地龙活性蛋白对实验性高脂血症大鼠的调脂作用及其机制

目的:研究地龙活性蛋白(Earthworm active protein,EWAP)对实验性高脂血症SD大鼠的调脂作用并探讨可能的降脂作用机制。方法:通过高脂饲料及维生素D2联合应用法建立SD大鼠高脂血症模型,以EWAP进行治疗28 d,末次给药后测定大鼠血清中总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-c)水平、脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)、肝脂酶(HL)活性、粪便胆汁酸(FBA)含量以及大鼠体质量变化。结果:EWAP高、中剂量组与模型组比较,TC、TG、LDL-c水平显著降低,同时HL,LPL活性及粪便中FBA排泄量均显著提高,并且EWAP高剂量组大鼠体质量相比模型组增加趋势明显。结论:EWAP对实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂代谢有调节作用,其作用机制可能与提高脂蛋白脂酶、肝脂酶活性,加强肠内胆固醇代谢转化有关。     

Protective effect of rutin on lipids, lipoproteins, lipid metabolizing enzymes and glycoproteins in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The protective role of rutin on lipids, lipoproteins, lipid metabolizing enzymes and glycoproteins in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats has been studied. A single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg kg(-1)) to rats led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the levels of lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids) in plasma and tissues (liver, kidney, heart and brain). The levels of low density and very low density lipoprotein (LDL and VLDL, respectively) cholesterol were increased, whereas the levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in plasma. The activity of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase increased significantly (P < 0.05) in liver, kidney and heart, and the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the plasma of diabetic rats. Streptozotocin injection also increased the levels of glycoproteins such as hexose, hexosamine, fucose and sialic acid in plasma, liver and kidney. Oral administration of rutin to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the levels of lipids in plasma and tissues. The levels of plasma HDL-cholesterol increased and the levels of LDL- and VLDL-cholesterol decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The activity of HMG CoA reductase decreased in the tissues and the activity of plasma LPL and LCAT increased significantly (P < 0.05). The levels of glycoproteins were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in plasma, liver and kidney of rutin-treated diabetic rats. Rutin administration to normal rats did not exhibit any significant (P < 0.05) changes in any of the parameters studied. In conclusion, the beneficial effect of rutin on lipids, lipoproteins, lipid metabolizing enzymes and glycoproteins could be due to its antioxidant property.     

瑞香素对血清脂质及脂蛋白胆固醇含量的影响

瑞香素(daphnetin)系瑞香科植物长白瑞香(Daphne koreana Nakai)中的有效单体,化学结构为7,8-二羟基香豆素,并已由长春春城制药厂人工合成。药理实验证明有扩张冠状血管、增加冠脉流量,改善心肌代谢作用,并有抑制实验性“关节炎”及兴奋垂体—肾上     

白藜芦醇降低高脂小鼠体内胆固醇水平的作用及胆汁酸转化分子机制的初步研究

目的：研究白藜芦醇对高脂小鼠体内胆固醇水平的降低作用及其调节胆汁酸转化的分子机制。方法：选取40只Apo E-/-小鼠给予高脂饮食制备高胆固醇小鼠模型，随机分为4组：模型组、白藜芦醇低剂量组、白藜芦醇中剂量组及白藜芦醇高剂量组，分别每天灌胃0.2 mL 生理盐水、10 g·L^-1白藜芦醇，20 g·L^-1白藜芦醇和40 g·L^-1白藜芦醇。分别在第0，5，10，20周比较4组小鼠血浆总胆固醇（total cholesterol，TC）、三酰甘油（triglyceride，TG）的水平。在第20周实验结束时，比较4组小鼠血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterol，LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol，HDL-C）含量、动脉粥样硬化指数（arteriosclerosis index，AI）水平以及肝脏中TC、TG的含量。在人肝癌细胞株HepG2细胞系中加入0，6.25，12.5，25 μmol·L^-1白藜芦醇，检测加入白藜芦醇后各组细胞内胆固醇含量、细胞外胆汁酸含量差异。最后用25 μmol·L^-1白藜芦醇处理细胞，采用RT-PCR及Western blot分别检测细胞中胆固醇代谢相关基因胆固醇7-羟化酶（cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase，CYP7A1）、腺苷三磷酸结合盒转运体超家族成员（ABCG5）的mRNA及蛋白的表达水平。结果：白藜芦醇各剂量组小鼠的TC、TG、LDL-C、AI水平均显著低于模型组，而HDL-C显著高于模型组。白藜芦醇可降低HepG2细胞中总胆固醇含量，并促进细胞分泌胆汁酸含量。RT-PCR及Western blot结果显示，25 μmol·L^-1白藜芦醇处理HepG2细胞后，CYP7A1、ABCG5的mRNA及蛋白的表达水平明显增加。结论：白藜芦醇可以降低高脂小鼠体内胆固醇水平，这种作用可能是通过调节胆汁酸转化过程中相关基因CYP7A1、ABCG5的表达来实现的。     

蛇床子素对动物体内雌二醇和脂酶的影响及其相互关系的研究

目的观察蛇床子素对体内血脂、雌二醇(E2)和脂酶的影响及其相互关系。方法在建立高脂血症小鼠模型的同时,分组给予蛇床子素10～40mg.kg-1,3wk后测定肝素化后血浆LPL和HL活性及血浆TC、TG和HDL-C水平。分组给予正常小鼠蛇床子素10～40mg.kg-1,1wk后用ELISA方法观测血清E2水平的变化。建立去卵巢大鼠模型,给予蛇床子素10mg.kg-1,12wk后测定血清E2、TC和TG水平。结果给予蛇床子素10～20mg.kg-1后,能升高高脂血症小鼠肝素化后血浆LPL、HL活性和正常小鼠血清E2水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),也可使高脂血症小鼠血浆TC、TG和LDL-C降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),升高HDL-C(P<0.01)。蛇床子素剂量增至40mg.kg-1时,虽能升高正常小鼠血清E2水平(P<0.01),但高脂血症小鼠的血浆LPL、HL活性反而降低,对降低血浆TC、TG、LDL-C和升高HDL-C水平的幅度也不如低剂量的蛇床子素。去卵巢大鼠给予蛇床子素10mg.kg-1后,能增加血清E2水平(P<0.05),也能降低血清TG水平(P<0.05),TC的水平也有一定的降低。结论较低剂量的蛇床子素可通过增加血中E2水平,提高LPL和HL活性而降低血脂水平,较高剂量的蛇床子素虽可进一步增加血中E2水平,但LPL和HL活性反而降低,导致调脂作用减弱。     

瑞香素对血清脂质及脂蛋白胆固醇含量的影响

Daphnetin is one of the components of Daphne koreana Nakai and the sample used in the experiment is the synthesized product. The compound was shown to possess obvious effect on lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol contents in the serum of normal and hyperlipidemic mice or rats. When daphnetin was given orally to rats, the serum level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and the ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol of normal rats were raised, whereas no significant effect on the level of lipid in normal mice was observed. Daphnetin (800 mg/kg, po for 1 week) decreased significantly the total cholesterol content in the serum of yolk(0.5 ml) treated mice. In addition, when daphnetin was given orally at a dosage of 800 mg/kg day for 2 weeks, the serum level of total cholesterol decreased. The sernm concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and the ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol in rats with hyperlipidemia increased significantly.     

Effect of dichlorvos on the activity of lipoprotein lipase from adipose tissue,on plasma lipids and postheparin lipolytic plasma activity in rats

The activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) from adipose tissue, the postheparin lipolytic activity (PHLA) in plasma, and the content of plasma lipoproteins were investigated in rats poisoned with dichlorvos (DDVP). Administration of a single dose (50% LD₅₀) resulted in inhibition of LPL and PHLA; the greatest inhibition was observed at 24 and 48 h after administration of the posticide. The metabolism of serum lipoproteins was also altered; the content of triacylglycerols in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) fractions was increased; the content of cholesterol was increased in VLDL and high density lipoproteins (HDL) fractions, and decreased in the LDL fraction. On repeated administration of small DDVP doses (5% LD₅₀) the greatest changes were observed after 90 days of intoxication. The levels of all three determined lipoprotein fractions, as well as PHLA, were decreased. The LPL activity in adipose tissue was slightly raised. The results suggest that DDVP interferes with the metabolism of lipids.     

Influence of chrysin on hepatic marker enzymes and lipid profile against d-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity rats

Chrysin is a flavonoid that exists in nature and is the major component of some traditional medicinal herbs. We investigated the hepatoprotective and antihyperlipidaemic potential of chrysin against d-galactosamine (a single intraperitoneal injection 400 mg/kg BW) induced hepatotoxicity in male albino Wistar rats. d-GalN rats exhibited an increased hepato and nephro toxicity marker activities aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and total bilirubin level while urea, uric acid and creatinine and lipid profile. It also negatively affected the serum total protein, albumin and A/G ratio. Rats treated with chrysin at different concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg BW) caused a significant improvement in serum protein level, decreased hepato and nephro toxicity markers. It also decreased the levels of very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol while high density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly increased. It also decreased the levels of total cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, free fatty acids in the plasma and tissues of liver and kidney. The effect of chrysin (25 mg/kg) is comparable with silymarin, a known hepatoprotective drug. Chrysin thus exhibits hepatoprotective and antihyperlipidaemic activity.     

甘糖酯对高脂血症大鼠血脂及脂蛋白脂酶的调节作用

目的探讨甘糖酯调节血脂的分子机制。方法以不同剂量甘糖酯(37.8,75.6 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)给高脂血症大鼠ig给药3周,禁食12 h后,测定大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的浓度变化,用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法检测组织中脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)mRNA的表达。结果甘糖酯有降低血清TC,TG和LDL-C,升高HDL-C的作用,同时提高LPL mRNA的表达,且呈剂量依赖性关系。甘糖酯对LPL mRNA转录的促进作用与其降低TC,TG和LDL-C的作用呈正比关系。结论甘糖酯通过促进LPL mRNA转录而调节血脂水平,这可能是甘糖酯降血脂、预防动脉粥样硬化等心脑血管疾病的机制之一。