下肢全长拼接摄影下肢轴线测量准确度的初步研究

目的:探讨下肢全长拼接摄影下肢轴线测量的准确度。方法:采用岛津公司Sonialvision SafireⅡ型全数字化大平板透视-摄影系统所配备的肢体全长成像技术对人体下肢骨骼标本进行标准力线投照,测量人体骨骼标本及全下肢的X线全长图像的角度数据。结果:人体骨骼标本左右下肢实际测量的轴线数据与拼接摄影所测数据无统计学差异性。结论:根据岛津Sonialvision SafireⅡ拼接软件得到的下肢全长影像所测量的下肢轴线数据的准确度是可靠的。     

DR立位全下肢骨盆脊柱的长尺寸成像研究

目的：研究一种数字X线摄影（Digml Radiography，DR）的立位全下肢骨盆脊柱成像技术。方法：应用DR平板捧洲器（FPD）连续采集X中心线束仰、俯角时的摄影图像，其重叠的部分完全相同；然后再平移X线采集多幅同一站立体位的图像数据，此时的拼接线位于肢一片距离对称的股骨上端，投影一致。结果：经图像软件拼接成一幅全下肢骨盆脊柱的整体影像。结论：长尺寸的影像解决了人体负重骨骼的生物学力线测定。     

下肢全长负重位X线片的投照技术及临床意义

目的介绍开展下肢全长负重位X线检查的方法,膝关节内外翻畸形的测量方法以及下肢全长负重位X线片在全膝关节置换术中的临床应用价值。方法自2014年10月至2015年7月25例对准备行全膝关节置换的患者采用三次曝光拼接、数字化成像技术进行术前、术后下肢全长负重位X线检查,并在下肢全长负重位X线片上进行膝关节内外翻畸形的测量。结果下肢全长负重位X线片成像均能显示全膝关节置换患者术前和术后下肢的力线、膝关节内外翻畸形和关节间隙方向,为全膝关节置换术术前评估提供了可靠的X线依据。结论下肢全长负重位X线片对全膝关节置换术前计划和术后评估有重要的临床价值,能真实地反映术前膝关节内外翻畸形和术后畸形纠正结果~([1])。     

加权平均算法在DSA图像处理中的应用

1DSA设备及其图像噪声分析DSA(DigitalSubtractAngiography)即数字减影设备,是将现代的计算机技术应用于传统的X线诊疗领域的典型例子,它不经过摄片过程,直接将X线电视影像信号实时地采集到计算机中,计算机高速地完成模数转换(ADC)、减法运算、图像存储及图像输出等一系列的处理过程。图像细节分辨率是DSA设备的一个非常重要的技术指标。DSA图像的好坏,取决于X线机、计算机硬件和它的软件功能。一个能给出较好影像的DSA系统,它对整个X线图像成像环节有一定的要求,特别是对所采集的原始X线图像信号要求具有较好的分辨率和较高的信…     

数字化拼接在全脊柱或全下肢的临床应用

目的:探讨数字化拼接在全脊柱、全下肢X线摄片中的的临床应用价值.方法:利用数字化摄影技术(DR)将分次取得的多幅脊柱或下肢的图像,通过软件拼接成一幅完整的全景图像与一般成像技术进行对比,并对图像进行质量控制便于临床观察、测量.结果:全脊柱或全下肢80例拼接均成功,拼接图像能达到临床诊断和治疗要求.结论:数字化拼接在全脊柱、全下肢的成像具有较大临床应用价值.     

心导管室X线图像的视频采集与DICOM存储实现

通过视频采集卡,将非DICOM格式的X线图像转化为符合DICOM3.0标准的DCM格式图像的实现方案,使X线图像信息与多道生理记录系统电生理信息处于同一平台,方便了医生诊疗和数据管理.     

平板探测器X线成像系统图像质量分析

我们对我院现有的平板探测器X线成像系统(德国西门子公司AXIOM Artis dFC平板探测器X线成像系统)与传统影像增强器电视系统(德国西门子公司NEUOSTAR PLUS血管造影系统和北京万东医疗装备股份有限公司CGO-2100C血管造影系统)的图像性能进行对比测试。测试结果表明平板探测器的图像性能要优于传统影像增强器成像性能。     

CR双下肢全长图像拼接的摄影参数探讨及其临床应用价值

目的：探讨CR在双下肢全长图像拼接的摄影参数及临床应用价值。方法：以FCR-5000CR成像系统的应用及CR在骨骼系统摄影条件的成像特性来选择合适的下肢全长骨骼数字化X线的摄影条件？结果：根据不同摄影参数下的空间分辨率分布情况．获取优化的CR下肢全长摄影的管电压和管电量参数。结论：CR在双下肢全长的摄影参数应根据CR成像系统的特性,以实验结果为依据。在保证影像质量和患者受辐射剂量上选择最为适宜的摄影参数．为膝关节置换术等临床应用提供准确的影像学资料。     

X线影像增强器常见故障的问题研究

X线影像增强器的作用有两个：一是能将X线图像变换为可见光图像;二是将亮度增强近万倍。采用X线影像增强器的好处是：一、降低X线的照射量,使患者和医师少受X线辐射;二、提高了亮度,使医师可在明室中观察图像;三、由于采用电视观察图像,可用于远程会诊和教学。X线影像增强器不管那种机型,内部结构都基本一样,因此出现故障的原因也相同。X线影像增强器的核心是影像增强管,现在广泛应用的有可变视野影像增强管和定视野影像增强管两种,现将它们常见故障的问题进行研究。1 可变视野影像增强器常见故障的问题研究 （1）开机后增强管…     

富士Smart CR系统常见故障及处理

传统的X线成像是经X线摄照 ,将影像信息记录在胶片上 ,在显定影处理后 ,影像才能于照片上显示。计算机X线成像 (computedradiography ,CR)则不同 ,是将X线摄照的影像信息记录在影像板 (im ageplate ,IP板 )上 ,经读取装置读取 ,由计算机计算出一个数字化图像 ,复经数字 /模拟转换器转换 ,于计算机上显示出灰阶图像。×CR数字化成像。成像原理 :X线穿过人体 ;投射于IP板 (Imag ingPlate)上 ,将接收的能量以潜影方式存储在影像板晶体内 ,经激光扫描读出板上的潜影后 ,通过光电转换变为电信号 ,经A/D转换 ,即成为数字信息。由于CR的影…     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.