Long-term outcomes after Helicobacter pylori eradication with second-line, bismuth-containing quadruple therapy in Korea

OBJECTIVES: To determine the long-term outcomes in terms of Helicobacter pylori and ulcer recurrence after second-line eradication with bismuth-containing quadruple regimens in Korea. METHODS: Sixty-seven patients with peptic ulcer disease after successful eradication using second-line quadruple therapies were prospectively followed up 1 month after treatment and then every 6 months or when dyspeptic symptoms reappeared to ascertain H. pylori and ulcer status. RESULTS: Three patients were lost during follow-up. The median duration of follow-up of the remaining 64 patients was 26.8 months. H. pylori recurrence occurred in 11 of these 64 patients (17.2%), giving a calculated reinfection rate of 6.0% per patient-year. Only one of the 11 patients was reinfected by 12 months after treatment completion. Four of 11 patients (36.4%) who became reinfected experienced peptic ulcer recurrence, but none of 53 patients who were not reinfected experienced recurrence. No evidence was obtained to indicate that the reinfection rate depended on the age, sex, ulcer location, or eradication regimens. The relapse of dyspeptic symptoms was the only factor predictive of H. pylori recurrence. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the recurrence rate of H. pylori at 1 year after second-line, bismuth-containing quadruple therapy is low, but the annual reinfection rate is as high as 6%. Surveillance for H. pylori reinfection facilitating peptic ulcer recurrence may be warranted even after a second eradication, especially when dyspeptic symptoms reappear in Korea.     

Eradication rate of first-line and second-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection, and reinfection rate after successful eradication]

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The increasing trend of antibiotic resistance emphasizes the need for the assessment of eradication rate of first and second-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The reinfection rate depends on the geographical, national, or socioeconomic status of the patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recent 5-year changes of eradication rates and the reinfection rates after the successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection for 3-years follow-up in Bucheon, Korea. METHODS: From February 2001 to August 2006, 3,267 patients with H. pylori-positive peptic ulcer disease received the first-line therapy for 7 days. The 317 patients who failed to the first-line therapy received the second-line therapy for 7 days. The 167 patients with 3-years follow-up after the successful eradication were included. 13C-urea breath tests or rapid urease tests and histologies were assessed to determine the H. pylori status after the eradication. RESULTS: The eradication rate of first-line therapy was 83.7% in 2001, 83.4% in 2002, 83.7% in 2003, 85.9% in 2004, 87.2% in 2005, and 81.8% in 2006 by per protocol analysis (PP), respectively. The eradication rate of second-line therapy was 80.0% in 2002, 86.8% in 2003, 89.7% in 2004, 98.0% in 2005, and 78.8% in 2006 by PP. The cumulative reinfection rate was 6.0%. The annual reinfection rate was 2.0%. The recurrence rate of peptic ulcer was 17.2% in the patients without reinfection and 50% with reinfection. CONCLUSIONS: The eradication rate for H. pylori have not changed in the recent 5-years. The annual reinfection rate was low. The successful eradication of H. pylori was effective for preventing the recurrence of peptic ulcers.     

幽门螺杆菌感染根除与老年消化性溃疡发生、复发关系的研究

目的　探讨老年消化性溃疡发生、复发与幽门螺杆菌 (Hp)感染的关系。方法　应用 PCR法对 78例老年性消化性溃疡幽门螺杆菌感染及幽门螺杆菌感染根除治疗后半年、 1年幽门螺杆菌再感染者进行了测定。结果　幽门螺杆菌检出率老年组明显高于青年组 ,Hp根治率青年组明显高于老年组 ,经 Hp根除治疗组溃疡愈合率明显高于未根除治疗组。结论　老年消化性溃疡发生与幽门螺杆菌感染密切相关 ,在溃疡治疗中 ,根除 Hp感染对减少溃疡复发具有重要临床意义     

Helicobacter pylori and Duodenal Ulcer Recurrence

Preliminary evidence suggests that eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) may lead to prolonged remission of duodenal ulcer (DU). The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effect of eradication of H. pylori on the natural history of DU. Fifty-one patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcers, who were found to have H. pylori infection on histology and culture, and who were successfully eradicated of H. pylori with combination treatment of colloidal bismuth subcitrate and antibiotics, were studied. All patients were endoscoped at entry, 4 wk after cessation of treatment and again at 1 yr or sooner, if symptoms recurred. At each endoscopy, two antral biopsies were taken and assessed histologically and microbiologically for evidence of H. pylori infection. Recurrence of H. pylori infection occurred in 18/51 patients (35.3%) and, of these, 12 patients had evidence of recurrent peptic disease (five DU, seven duodenitis). In contrast, of the 33 who remained negative for H. pylori at 1 yr, none developed evidence of recurrent DU. Overall, DU recurrence occurred in 5/51 patients (11.7%), and occurred only in patients reinfected with H. pylori. This relapse rate compares favorably with patients on maintenance H2-receptor antagonist treatment. These results lend further support to the hypothesis that antral reinfection with H. pylori is associated with relapse of DU.     

幽门螺杆菌与消化性溃疡关系的10年随访研究

目的 探讨根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)后10年间十二指肠球部溃疡(DU)、胃溃疡(GU)发病情况.方法 选择胃癌高发区山东烟台高陵镇随机抽样自然人群进行内镜普查,其中Hp阳性者552例均分为治疗组和安慰剂组,治疗组276例予以奥美拉唑20 mg、克拉霉素0.5 g和阿莫西林1.0 g,每日2次口服,疗程7 d.停药1个月后治疗组行13C-尿素呼气试验(13C-UBT)证实根除成功.此后对两组在10年期间进行内镜随访(第1、5、8和10年),观察两组患者消化性溃疡发病率的变化及复发情况,同时观察两组Hp感染状态的变迁.结果 治疗组消化性溃疡第1、5和8年的发病率分别为3.70%、5.86%和4.40%,均明显低于安慰剂组(12.85%、14.93%和9.39%,P值分别=0.0002、0.0017和0.0440).随访10年间,治疗组消化性溃疡新发病例数及复发病例数均低于安慰剂组,两组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).治疗组Hp再感染率较高,第10年时Hp阳性率达46.4%.根据Hp感染状态重新进行分组,结果显示随访10年间Hp阴性组消化性溃疡的发病率均低于Hp阳性组(P值均<0.05).结论 根除Hp治疗后消化性溃疡的发病率和复发率均明显降低,消化性溃疡患者根除Hp是必要的.成功根除Hp后再感染率仍较高.     

幽门螺杆菌与消化性溃疡关系的10年随访研究

目的 探讨根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)后10年间十二指肠球部溃疡(DU)、胃溃疡(GU)发病情况.方法 选择胃癌高发区山东烟台高陵镇随机抽样自然人群进行内镜普查,其中Hp阳性者552例均分为治疗组和安慰剂组,治疗组276例予以奥美拉唑20 mg、克拉霉素0.5 g和阿莫西林1.0 g,每日2次口服,疗程7 d.停药1个月后治疗组行13C-尿素呼气试验(13C-UBT)证实根除成功.此后对两组在10年期间进行内镜随访(第1、5、8和10年),观察两组患者消化性溃疡发病率的变化及复发情况,同时观察两组Hp感染状态的变迁.结果 治疗组消化性溃疡第1、5和8年的发病率分别为3.70%、5.86%和4.40%,均明显低于安慰剂组(12.85%、14.93%和9.39%,P值分别=0.0002、0.0017和0.0440).随访10年间,治疗组消化性溃疡新发病例数及复发病例数均低于安慰剂组,两组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).治疗组Hp再感染率较高,第10年时Hp阳性率达46.4%.根据Hp感染状态重新进行分组,结果显示随访10年间Hp阴性组消化性溃疡的发病率均低于Hp阳性组(P值均<0.05).结论 根除Hp治疗后消化性溃疡的发病率和复发率均明显降低,消化性溃疡患者根除Hp是必要的.成功根除Hp后再感染率仍较高.     

幽门螺杆菌与消化性溃疡关系的10年随访研究

目的 探讨根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)后10年间十二指肠球部溃疡(DU)、胃溃疡(GU)发病情况.方法 选择胃癌高发区山东烟台高陵镇随机抽样自然人群进行内镜普查,其中Hp阳性者552例均分为治疗组和安慰剂组,治疗组276例予以奥美拉唑20 mg、克拉霉素0.5 g和阿莫西林1.0 g,每日2次口服,疗程7 d.停药1个月后治疗组行13C-尿素呼气试验(13C-UBT)证实根除成功.此后对两组在10年期间进行内镜随访(第1、5、8和10年),观察两组患者消化性溃疡发病率的变化及复发情况,同时观察两组Hp感染状态的变迁.结果 治疗组消化性溃疡第1、5和8年的发病率分别为3.70%、5.86%和4.40%,均明显低于安慰剂组(12.85%、14.93%和9.39%,P值分别=0.0002、0.0017和0.0440).随访10年间,治疗组消化性溃疡新发病例数及复发病例数均低于安慰剂组,两组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).治疗组Hp再感染率较高,第10年时Hp阳性率达46.4%.根据Hp感染状态重新进行分组,结果显示随访10年间Hp阴性组消化性溃疡的发病率均低于Hp阳性组(P值均<0.05).结论 根除Hp治疗后消化性溃疡的发病率和复发率均明显降低,消化性溃疡患者根除Hp是必要的.成功根除Hp后再感染率仍较高.     

幽门螺杆菌与消化性溃疡关系的10年随访研究

目的 探讨根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)后10年间十二指肠球部溃疡(DU)、胃溃疡(GU)发病情况.方法 选择胃癌高发区山东烟台高陵镇随机抽样自然人群进行内镜普查,其中Hp阳性者552例均分为治疗组和安慰剂组,治疗组276例予以奥美拉唑20 mg、克拉霉素0.5 g和阿莫西林1.0 g,每日2次口服,疗程7 d.停药1个月后治疗组行13C-尿素呼气试验(13C-UBT)证实根除成功.此后对两组在10年期间进行内镜随访(第1、5、8和10年),观察两组患者消化性溃疡发病率的变化及复发情况,同时观察两组Hp感染状态的变迁.结果 治疗组消化性溃疡第1、5和8年的发病率分别为3.70%、5.86%和4.40%,均明显低于安慰剂组(12.85%、14.93%和9.39%,P值分别=0.0002、0.0017和0.0440).随访10年间,治疗组消化性溃疡新发病例数及复发病例数均低于安慰剂组,两组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).治疗组Hp再感染率较高,第10年时Hp阳性率达46.4%.根据Hp感染状态重新进行分组,结果显示随访10年间Hp阴性组消化性溃疡的发病率均低于Hp阳性组(P值均<0.05).结论 根除Hp治疗后消化性溃疡的发病率和复发率均明显降低,消化性溃疡患者根除Hp是必要的.成功根除Hp后再感染率仍较高.     

幽门螺杆菌与消化性溃疡关系的10年随访研究

目的 探讨根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)后10年间十二指肠球部溃疡(DU)、胃溃疡(GU)发病情况.方法 选择胃癌高发区山东烟台高陵镇随机抽样自然人群进行内镜普查,其中Hp阳性者552例均分为治疗组和安慰剂组,治疗组276例予以奥美拉唑20 mg、克拉霉素0.5 g和阿莫西林1.0 g,每日2次口服,疗程7 d.停药1个月后治疗组行13C-尿素呼气试验(13C-UBT)证实根除成功.此后对两组在10年期间进行内镜随访(第1、5、8和10年),观察两组患者消化性溃疡发病率的变化及复发情况,同时观察两组Hp感染状态的变迁.结果 治疗组消化性溃疡第1、5和8年的发病率分别为3.70%、5.86%和4.40%,均明显低于安慰剂组(12.85%、14.93%和9.39%,P值分别=0.0002、0.0017和0.0440).随访10年间,治疗组消化性溃疡新发病例数及复发病例数均低于安慰剂组,两组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).治疗组Hp再感染率较高,第10年时Hp阳性率达46.4%.根据Hp感染状态重新进行分组,结果显示随访10年间Hp阴性组消化性溃疡的发病率均低于Hp阳性组(P值均<0.05).结论 根除Hp治疗后消化性溃疡的发病率和复发率均明显降低,消化性溃疡患者根除Hp是必要的.成功根除Hp后再感染率仍较高.     

幽门螺杆菌与消化性溃疡关系的10年随访研究

目的 探讨根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)后10年间十二指肠球部溃疡(DU)、胃溃疡(GU)发病情况.方法 选择胃癌高发区山东烟台高陵镇随机抽样自然人群进行内镜普查,其中Hp阳性者552例均分为治疗组和安慰剂组,治疗组276例予以奥美拉唑20 mg、克拉霉素0.5 g和阿莫西林1.0 g,每日2次口服,疗程7 d.停药1个月后治疗组行13C-尿素呼气试验(13C-UBT)证实根除成功.此后对两组在10年期间进行内镜随访(第1、5、8和10年),观察两组患者消化性溃疡发病率的变化及复发情况,同时观察两组Hp感染状态的变迁.结果 治疗组消化性溃疡第1、5和8年的发病率分别为3.70%、5.86%和4.40%,均明显低于安慰剂组(12.85%、14.93%和9.39%,P值分别=0.0002、0.0017和0.0440).随访10年间,治疗组消化性溃疡新发病例数及复发病例数均低于安慰剂组,两组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).治疗组Hp再感染率较高,第10年时Hp阳性率达46.4%.根据Hp感染状态重新进行分组,结果显示随访10年间Hp阴性组消化性溃疡的发病率均低于Hp阳性组(P值均<0.05).结论 根除Hp治疗后消化性溃疡的发病率和复发率均明显降低,消化性溃疡患者根除Hp是必要的.成功根除Hp后再感染率仍较高.     

幽门螺杆菌与消化性溃疡关系的10年随访研究

目的 探讨根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)后10年间十二指肠球部溃疡(DU)、胃溃疡(GU)发病情况.方法 选择胃癌高发区山东烟台高陵镇随机抽样自然人群进行内镜普查,其中Hp阳性者552例均分为治疗组和安慰剂组,治疗组276例予以奥美拉唑20 mg、克拉霉素0.5 g和阿莫西林1.0 g,每日2次口服,疗程7 d.停药1个月后治疗组行13C-尿素呼气试验(13C-UBT)证实根除成功.此后对两组在10年期间进行内镜随访(第1、5、8和10年),观察两组患者消化性溃疡发病率的变化及复发情况,同时观察两组Hp感染状态的变迁.结果 治疗组消化性溃疡第1、5和8年的发病率分别为3.70%、5.86%和4.40%,均明显低于安慰剂组(12.85%、14.93%和9.39%,P值分别=0.0002、0.0017和0.0440).随访10年间,治疗组消化性溃疡新发病例数及复发病例数均低于安慰剂组,两组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).治疗组Hp再感染率较高,第10年时Hp阳性率达46.4%.根据Hp感染状态重新进行分组,结果显示随访10年间Hp阴性组消化性溃疡的发病率均低于Hp阳性组(P值均<0.05).结论 根除Hp治疗后消化性溃疡的发病率和复发率均明显降低,消化性溃疡患者根除Hp是必要的.成功根除Hp后再感染率仍较高.     

Maintenance treatment is not necessary after Helicobacter pylori eradication and healing of bleeding peptic ulcer: a 5-year prospective, randomized, controlled study

BACKGROUND: It is well accepted that in patients with uncomplicated peptic ulcers, Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy does not need to be followed by further antisecretory treatment. However, it is uncertain whether patients with bleeding peptic ulcers should receive maintenance antiulcer therapy after successful H pylori eradication and ulcer healing. The aim of this 5-year, prospective, randomized, controlled study was to investigate the role of long-term maintenance therapy after successful H pylori eradication and healing of bleeding ulcers. METHODS: A total of 82 consecutive patients with H pylori-associated bleeding peptic ulcers were enrolled in the study. After successful H pylori eradication with the 1-week proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy and an additional 3-week treatment with 20 mg of omeprazole daily for ulcer healing, the patients were assigned to one of four 16-week maintenance treatment groups as follows: group A received 15 mL of an antacid suspension 4 times daily; group B received 300 mg of colloidal bismuth subcitrate 4 times daily; group C received 20 mg of famotidine twice daily; and group D, the control group, received placebo twice daily. Follow-up included an urea breath test labeled with carbon 13, biopsy-based tests, and repeated endoscopic examination. RESULTS: An analysis of variance revealed no difference in mean age and mean follow-up time among the groups. During a mean follow-up of 56 months, there was no peptic ulcer recurrence among the 3 treatment groups, and all of the patients remained free of H pylori infection during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with bleeding peptic ulcers, antiulcer maintenance treatment was not necessary to prevent ulcer recurrence after successful H pylori eradication and ulcer healing. In addition, the 1-week proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy had the efficacy to ensure long-term eradication of H pylori in a region of high prevalence.     

幽门螺杆菌与消化性溃疡关系的10年随访研究

目的 探讨根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)后10年间十二指肠球部溃疡(DU)、胃溃疡(GU)发病情况.方法 选择胃癌高发区山东烟台高陵镇随机抽样自然人群进行内镜普查,其中Hp阳性者552例均分为治疗组和安慰剂组,治疗组276例予以奥美拉唑20 mg、克拉霉素0.5 g和阿莫西林1.0 g,每日2次口服,疗程7 d.停药1个月后治疗组行13C-尿素呼气试验(13C-UBT)证实根除成功.此后对两组在10年期间进行内镜随访(第1、5、8和10年),观察两组患者消化性溃疡发病率的变化及复发情况,同时观察两组Hp感染状态的变迁.结果 治疗组消化性溃疡第1、5和8年的发病率分别为3.70%、5.86%和4.40%,均明显低于安慰剂组(12.85%、14.93%和9.39%,P值分别=0.0002、0.0017和0.0440).随访10年间,治疗组消化性溃疡新发病例数及复发病例数均低于安慰剂组,两组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).治疗组Hp再感染率较高,第10年时Hp阳性率达46.4%.根据Hp感染状态重新进行分组,结果显示随访10年间Hp阴性组消化性溃疡的发病率均低于Hp阳性组(P值均<0.05).结论 根除Hp治疗后消化性溃疡的发病率和复发率均明显降低,消化性溃疡患者根除Hp是必要的.成功根除Hp后再感染率仍较高.     

幽门螺杆菌与消化性溃疡关系的10年随访研究

目的 探讨根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)后10年间十二指肠球部溃疡(DU)、胃溃疡(GU)发病情况.方法 选择胃癌高发区山东烟台高陵镇随机抽样自然人群进行内镜普查,其中Hp阳性者552例均分为治疗组和安慰剂组,治疗组276例予以奥美拉唑20 mg、克拉霉素0.5 g和阿莫西林1.0 g,每日2次口服,疗程7 d.停药1个月后治疗组行13C-尿素呼气试验(13C-UBT)证实根除成功.此后对两组在10年期间进行内镜随访(第1、5、8和10年),观察两组患者消化性溃疡发病率的变化及复发情况,同时观察两组Hp感染状态的变迁.结果 治疗组消化性溃疡第1、5和8年的发病率分别为3.70%、5.86%和4.40%,均明显低于安慰剂组(12.85%、14.93%和9.39%,P值分别=0.0002、0.0017和0.0440).随访10年间,治疗组消化性溃疡新发病例数及复发病例数均低于安慰剂组,两组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).治疗组Hp再感染率较高,第10年时Hp阳性率达46.4%.根据Hp感染状态重新进行分组,结果显示随访10年间Hp阴性组消化性溃疡的发病率均低于Hp阳性组(P值均<0.05).结论 根除Hp治疗后消化性溃疡的发病率和复发率均明显降低,消化性溃疡患者根除Hp是必要的.成功根除Hp后再感染率仍较高.     

幽门螺杆菌与消化性溃疡关系的10年随访研究

目的 探讨根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)后10年间十二指肠球部溃疡(DU)、胃溃疡(GU)发病情况.方法 选择胃癌高发区山东烟台高陵镇随机抽样自然人群进行内镜普查,其中Hp阳性者552例均分为治疗组和安慰剂组,治疗组276例予以奥美拉唑20 mg、克拉霉素0.5 g和阿莫西林1.0 g,每日2次口服,疗程7 d.停药1个月后治疗组行13C-尿素呼气试验(13C-UBT)证实根除成功.此后对两组在10年期间进行内镜随访(第1、5、8和10年),观察两组患者消化性溃疡发病率的变化及复发情况,同时观察两组Hp感染状态的变迁.结果 治疗组消化性溃疡第1、5和8年的发病率分别为3.70%、5.86%和4.40%,均明显低于安慰剂组(12.85%、14.93%和9.39%,P值分别=0.0002、0.0017和0.0440).随访10年间,治疗组消化性溃疡新发病例数及复发病例数均低于安慰剂组,两组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).治疗组Hp再感染率较高,第10年时Hp阳性率达46.4%.根据Hp感染状态重新进行分组,结果显示随访10年间Hp阴性组消化性溃疡的发病率均低于Hp阳性组(P值均<0.05).结论 根除Hp治疗后消化性溃疡的发病率和复发率均明显降低,消化性溃疡患者根除Hp是必要的.成功根除Hp后再感染率仍较高.     

幽门螺杆菌与消化性溃疡关系的10年随访研究

目的 探讨根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)后10年间十二指肠球部溃疡(DU)、胃溃疡(GU)发病情况.方法 选择胃癌高发区山东烟台高陵镇随机抽样自然人群进行内镜普查,其中Hp阳性者552例均分为治疗组和安慰剂组,治疗组276例予以奥美拉唑20 mg、克拉霉素0.5 g和阿莫西林1.0 g,每日2次口服,疗程7 d.停药1个月后治疗组行13C-尿素呼气试验(13C-UBT)证实根除成功.此后对两组在10年期间进行内镜随访(第1、5、8和10年),观察两组患者消化性溃疡发病率的变化及复发情况,同时观察两组Hp感染状态的变迁.结果 治疗组消化性溃疡第1、5和8年的发病率分别为3.70%、5.86%和4.40%,均明显低于安慰剂组(12.85%、14.93%和9.39%,P值分别=0.0002、0.0017和0.0440).随访10年间,治疗组消化性溃疡新发病例数及复发病例数均低于安慰剂组,两组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).治疗组Hp再感染率较高,第10年时Hp阳性率达46.4%.根据Hp感染状态重新进行分组,结果显示随访10年间Hp阴性组消化性溃疡的发病率均低于Hp阳性组(P值均<0.05).结论 根除Hp治疗后消化性溃疡的发病率和复发率均明显降低,消化性溃疡患者根除Hp是必要的.成功根除Hp后再感染率仍较高.     

Acquisition of Helicobacter pylori infection and reinfection after its eradication are uncommon in Indian adults.

BACKGROUND: Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection is known to decrease the recurrence rate of peptic ulcer disease. Data from India on the acquisition rate of H. pylori infection and reinfection after eradication are scant. AIM: To study the rates of acquisition of H. pylori infection and of reinfection after eradication in Indian adult patients. METHODS: We evaluated 116 consecutive patients with dyspepsia undergoing endoscopy. Sixty-four of them were H. pylori-positive on gastric antral biopsy (rapid urease test and histology). Patients diagnosed to have H. pylori infection were treated with a four-drug regimen (omeprazole, bismuth subcitrate, tetracycline, furazolidine) for 2 weeks; those failing H. pylori eradication were treated with a second regimen (lansoprazole, amoxycillin, secnidazole) for one week. Patients who were H. pylori-negative to begin with and those who had successful H. pylori eradication were followed up clinically and endoscopically every 3 months for a median of one year. RESULTS: Ninety-six patients (50 H. pylori-positive) were available for study; the other 20 were lost to follow up after the first endoscopy. Fifty of the 96 (52%) were H. pylori-positive; four of these 50 patients did not follow up after first treatment. The eradication rate with the four-drug regimen was 89.1% (41/46). Four of the 5 non-responders eradicated H. pylori with the second regimen. At the end of median one year follow-up (range 9-15 months), one of the 45 patients (2.4%) who eradicated the organism developed reinfection; none of the 46 patients who were initially H. pylori-negative acquired new infection. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of reinfection after eradication is low in Indian subjects at the end of one year. The rate of acquisition of new infection is also low in the adult population.     

Reinfection rate following effective therapy against Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan

BACKGROUND AND AIM: In developed countries, reinfection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) after eradication of the bacterium is unusual, while the reinfection rate in developing countries is variable. In this study, we determined the reinfection rate after successful H. pylori eradication in Japan, a country with a high prevalence of H. pylori infection. METHODS: After successful eradication, 377 patients were followed up by endoscopy and urea breath test annually. In reinfected patients, H. pylori strains isolated initially and after reinfection were compared by using random amplification of polymorphic DNA fingerprinting. RESULTS: H. pylori became positive in four of 337 patients (1.2) 1 year after eradication and in two of 133 patients (1.5) 2 years after eradication. One patient experienced an ulcer relapse 2 years after eradication therapy. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA fingerprinting of the isolated strains from four of the six patients showed two had identical strains (at 1 year) while the other two had different strains (one at 1 year and one at 2 years). When infection in the two patients reinfected with identical strains is considered a recrudescence, the true reinfection rate is < 0.8 per patient year. CONCLUSIONS: The reinfection rate after eradication of H. pylori is low in Japan despite the country's high prevalence of H. pylori infection.     

Do Japanese and Swedish peptic ulcer patients respond differently to Helicobacter pylori eradication therapies and what are their histological features?

BACKGROUND: As a consequence of gastric histological differences, Japanese and Swedish peptic ulcer (PU) patients may respond differently to Helicobacter pylori eradication therapies. METHODS: The study was single-blind and compared four eradication therapies in Japanese and Swedish patients with healed gastric (GU) or duodenal (DU) ulcer. Swedish patients received either (a) omeprazole+clarithromycin (OC, where O = 20 mg, C = 500 mg) for 2 weeks, or triple therapy with (b) omeprazole + amoxicillin + clarithromycin (OAC-L where O = 20mg, A = 1 g, C = 250 mg); (c) OAC-H (where O = 20 mg, A-1 g, C-500 mg); or (d) omeprazole + metronidazole + clarithromycin (OMC, where O = 20 mg, M = 400 mg, C = 250 mg) for 1 week. Antibiotic doses were weight-adjusted downwards in Japanese patients. H. pylori was assessed using the urea breath test (UBT), histology and culture pre-entry, with UBT being repeated 4 and 8 weeks after stopping treatment. Histology and culture were repeated if the UBT was positive post-therapy. RESULTS: Recruitment included 120 patients from Japan (43 GU, 61 DU, 16 GU+DU) and 120 from Sweden (119 DU, 1 GU+DU). There were 26 exclusions from a FAS analysis due to H. pylori negativity (14), no drug administration (7) or no data after visit 1 (5). Eradication rates (FAS) from Japan were (a) 63%, (b) 93%, (c) 96% or (d) 96%, and for Sweden (a) 92%, (b) 86%, (c) 93% or (d) 96%. Dual therapy was less effective in patients with gastric atrophy associated with GU disease. Tolerability was good in all treatment groups, with no serious adverse events. CONCLUSION: Triple therapies were safe and effective for H. pylori eradication in Japanese and Swedish peptic ulcer patients. Dual therapy was significantly less effective in the Japanese patients, half of whom had a history of GU and more abnormal histology than in the Swedish patients, all of whom had DU.     

Clinical relevance of Helicobacter pylori CagA-positive strains: gastroduodenal peptic lesions marker.

OBJECTIVES: peptic ulcer is characterized by its recurrent nature, which necessitates maintenance treatment in most patients. But this natural history can be changed in patients with peptic ulcer associated to Helicobacter pylori, as shown by the low rates of recurrence and decreased hemorrhagic recidivism associated with this infection. Whether CagA or VacA strains are associated with a greater risk of peptic ulcer is controversial. This study was designed to examine endoscopic findings and their relation with H. pylori phenotype (CagA or VacA). METHODS: 106 selected dyspeptic patients underwent upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic examination between September 1996 and May 1997 [69 with H. pylori (Hp) and 37 without this infection]. Endoscopic findings were classified as gastric ulcer (GU), duodenal ulcer (DU), gastric erosions (GE), duodenitis (Du), chronic gastritis (CG) and normal mucosa (NM). Hp phenotype was analyzed with a western blot test. RESULTS: 75% of H. pylori strains were CagA-positive and 54.2% were VacA-positive. 82.4% of the cases of DU were associated with a CagA+ phenotype, but the association was not statistically significant. Otherwise 100% of gastric ulcers were associated with CagA+ strains (p < 0.005). VacA phenotype was not associated with any particular endoscopic finding. Peptic ulcer (DU or GU) was also associated with the CagA+ phenotype (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the CagA+ H. pylori phenotype seems to be a peptic lesion marker, but was more frequently related with GU than with DU in our sample of Spanish patients.