居家腹膜透析患者自我感受负担与社会支持、生活质量的相关性研究

目的了解居家腹膜透析患者自我感受负担状况,探讨其与社会支持、生活质量相关性。方法 2017年1月—2018年12月,采用横断面调查法,对淮南市第一人民医院门诊随访的158例居家腹膜透析患者采用一般资料调查问卷、自我感受负担量表、社会支持评定量表和生存质量评定量表进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果居家腹膜透析患者自我感受负担总分为38.42±6.8,得分率为76.84%,总体处于中度负担水平;社会支持得分为28.14±4.11,生活质量得分为75.34±8.26;不同年龄、文化程度、家庭人均月收入及生活环境的居家腹膜透析患者自我感受负担和生活质量得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),不同文化程度、家庭人均月收入的居家腹膜透析患者社会支持得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);居家腹膜透析患者社会支持、生活质量与自我感受负担呈负相关(r=-0.668、-0.712,均P0.01),社会支持与生活质量呈正相关(r=-0.668、-0.712,均P0.01);社会支持和生活质量对自我感受负担有直接影响作用;社会支持通过影响中介变量生活质量而间接影响自我感受负担,中介效应占总效应的比例为59.26%。结论居家腹膜透析患者自我感受负担属于中度水平,其与社会支持和生活质量密切相关,社会支持通过生活质量间接影响患者自我感受负担。     

河南农村HIV/AIDS者的家庭功能和社会支持研究

目的 了解河南农村艾滋病流行地区人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)患者的家庭功能和社会支持现状,为相关部门管理和关爱艾滋病患者提供依据.方法 选取河南省周口汤庄乡6个行政村的150名HIV感染者/AIDS患者进行调查,采用一般情况问卷、家庭关怀度指数问卷(APGAR问卷)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)进行问卷调查.结果 64.67％的HIV感染者/AIDS患者家庭功能良好,25.33％的家庭功能中度障碍,10.00％家庭功能严重障碍.家庭功能不同的HIV感染者/AIDS患者客观支持得分、主观支持得分、支持的利用度和总分差异均有统计学意义(p＜0.05).结论 HIV感染者/AIDS患者社会支持总分和各维度得分越高,其家庭功能状态越好.应积极倡导开展适合农村HIV感染者/AIDS患者的家庭关怀与支持.     

腰椎间盘突出症患者自我效能的相关因素分析及护理

目的探讨腰椎间盘突出症患者自我效能的相关因素及护理。方法采用一般情况调查表，社会支持评定量表，家庭关怀度量表及一般自我效能感量表，对66例腰椎间盘突出症患者进行调查。根据一般自我效能感量表（GSES）得分指标规定分为两组，〈70％为病例组1，≥70％为病例组2，对可能的相关因素在单因素分析的基础上再做多因素Logistie回归分析。结果60．61％的腰椎间盘突出症患者的自我效能感处于中低水平。自我效能感水平与家庭功能呈正相关，与伤情程度呈负相关。结论腰椎间盘突出症患者的家庭功能、伤情程度与其自我效能感之间具有密切关系。临床护理工作中可通过提高患者的家庭功能，积极护理患者提高其自我效能感。     

脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者反刍性沉思水平及其影响因素

目的 探讨脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者反刍性沉思水平及其影响因素,为临床干预提供理论依据。方法选取2020年1-12月唐山市华北理工大学附属医院收治的360例脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者为调查对象,采用一般资料问卷、简体中文版事件相关反刍性沉思问卷、领悟社会支持评定量表以及脑卒中自我效能量表对其进行调查。结果 共发放问卷376份,回收有效问卷360份,有效回收率为95.74%。脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者侵入性反刍性沉思得分高于目的性反刍性沉思得分,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同年龄、婚姻状况的患者,侵入性反刍性沉思水平比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同性别、婚姻状况、文化程度、家庭收入的患者,目的性反刍性沉思水平比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Pearson相关分析显示,侵入性反刍性沉思与领悟社会支持及家庭维度、其他维度、自我效能呈负相关(r=-0.317,-0.365,-0.370,-0.275,P<0.05);目的性反刍性沉思与领悟社会支持及其家庭、朋友维度、自我效能呈正相关(r=0.285,0.207,0.390,0.213,P <0.05...     

糖尿病患者家庭支持情况及其对运动行为的影响

目的 了解糖尿病患者的家庭支持与运动行为及运动相关自我效能等因素的关系，探索家庭成员应如何为患者提供支持，为行为干预提供依据。方法 以北京市两城区社区卫生服务中心管理的糖尿病患者为调查对象，采用方便抽样方法，共收回有效问卷607份，问卷内容包括运动行为、家庭支持、运动知识、技能、自我效能等。结果 家庭支持高分组的患者其运动知识、技能、运动相关自我效能均高于低分组（均有P<0.05）。家人鼓励患者去运动的频率越高，患者坚持运动的比例越高（χ_趋势2=6.326，P=0.042），且运动相关知识、技能、自我效能均更高（均有P<0.05）。家人陪患者一起运动的频率越高，患者坚持运动的比例越高（χ_趋势2=8.103，P=0.017），且运动相关知识、技能、自我效能均更高（均有P<0.05）。在不规律运动时批评患者的频率与是否坚持运动无关（χ_趋势2=3.904，P=0.142）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示运动行为影响因素为知识及自我效能（均有P<0.05）。结论 家庭支持对糖尿病患者运动行为、知识、技能、自我效能均具有积极作用。     

在监女犯自我概念、述情障碍与应对方式研究

目的 研究在监女犯的心理健康状况.方法 采用田纳西自我概念量表、多伦多述情障碍量表、应对方式问卷对284名在监女犯进行自我概念、述情障碍和应对方式的测量、统计与分析.结果 女犯自我概念低于其他群体,述情障碍明显,应对方式策略偏差.犯罪类型影响女犯的社会自我、自我认同和自我批评(F=3.028、3.373、4.314,均P<0.05);服刑年限与外向思维相关,年龄与自我批评、合理化相关(r=0.134、-0.136、0.149,均P<0.05);婚姻状况影响自我认同、情感描述障碍、自责、退避和合理化(F=3.553、3.729、5.327、3.348、5.534,P<0.05～0.01);文化程度对积极自我概念、述情障碍和自责有显著影响(F=5.590、14.997、7.768,P<0.05～0.001);家庭居住地影响积极自我概念和述情障碍(t=3.078、-2.939,均P<0.01);经济收入对自我概念和自责有显著影响(F=4.630、3.860,均P<0.05).结论 提高在监女犯的自我概念和应对方式,降低述情障碍,有助于提高其心理健康水平,进而促进教育改造工作的效率.     

应对方式在精神分裂症患者自我感受负担与内化污名间的中介效应

目的 探讨应对方式在精神分裂症患者自我感受负担与内化污名间的中介效应。方法 选取2021年10月-2022年6月唐山市3所精神心理医院住院的344例精神分裂症患者为调查对象，采用一般资料问卷、自我感受负担量表（SPBS）、简易应对方式问卷（SCSQ）和精神疾病内化污名量表（ISMI）进行调查。结果 精神分裂症患者ISMI为70.30±12.05分，SPBS为20.67±7.99分，积极应对为15.30±5.72分，消极应对为13.63±6.20分。内化污名与自我感受负担、消极应对呈正相关（r=0.568、0.634,P<0.05），与积极应对呈负相关（r=-0.667,P<0.05）；自我感受负担与积极应对呈负相关（r=-0.419,P<0.05），与消极应对呈正相关（r=0.539,P<0.05）。应对方式在自我感受负担与内化污名间起部分中介作用，效应值为0.661，占总效应的79.45%。结论 自我感受负担可通过应对方式间接影响精神分裂症患者的内化污名水平，临床医护人员可通过改善患者应对方式，减轻自我感受负担来降低患者内化污名水平，促进患者康复。     

老年患者冠脉搭桥术后自我感受负担及影响因素研究

目的 调查老年患者冠状动脉搭桥术（CABG）术后自我感受负担水平及其影响因素。方法 采用一般资料调查问卷、自我感受负担量表（SPBS）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、Zarit护理负担量表（ZBI）对86例CABG术后老年患者和主要照顾者进行问卷调查。结果 老年CABG患者的自我感受负担得分为（27.54±7.93）分,处于轻中度水平。单因素和多元线性回归分析显示老年患者的主要照顾者、心功能分级、照顾者负担水平是老年患者CABG术后自我感受负担的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 老年患者CABG术后普遍经历轻度至中度的自我感受负担,护理人员应针对相关因素给予及时有效的个性化护理干预,降低患者的自我感受负担及减少负性情绪。     

糖尿病患者饮食治疗依从性的调查研究

目的:描述影响糖尿病患者饮食治疗依从性的相关因素并探讨之间的相关性。方法:采取便利取样的方法,用饮食治疗依从量表、社会支持量表、一般自我效能量表及自行设计的一般情况调查问卷对30位糖尿病患者,采用问卷调查法对其饮食治疗依从性进行调查。结果:调查结果显示糖尿病患者总体饮食治疗依从性较差,总分为10±1.8;根据单因素方差分析结果显示,疾病知晓时间与糖尿病患者饮食治疗依从性存在显著相关关系(P0.05),性别、年龄、文化程度、付费方式与糖尿病患者饮食治疗依从性未存在显著相关关系(P0.05),社会支持及自我效能与糖尿病患者饮食治疗依从性未有线性相关关系(P0.05)。结论:护理人员应加强饮食指导的健康教育,同时调动家庭支持,增加饮食治疗的依从性,维持正常的血糖水平,降低病死率,提高生活质量。     

中学生自我概念与心理健康的相关研究

目的：探讨中学生的自我概念与心理健康的关系。方法：用田纳西自我概念量表（TSCS）和症状自评量表（SCL－90）对727名中学生进行测量。结果：中学生的自我概念与心理健康呈显著正相关，对心理健康影响较大的是生理自我、社会自我和自我批评。结论：培养积极的自我概念有利于提高中学生的心理健康水平。     

A study of family support, health state and medical care among functionally dependent elderly in Shanghai, China]

The effect of family caregiver's attitudes to elderly on health conditions of functionally dependent elderly, relationships between family support and perceived burden among family caregivers, and factors related to family support were analyzed. Support in this study was defined as help directed at helping functionally dependent elderly achieve independence or self-care. In 1989, a survey was conducted of family caregivers in Shanghai. Functionally dependent elderly were collected by screening of people aged 65 years old and over, and family caregivers who were able to provide support as defined above were included as subjects (n = 468). The following results were obtained: 1. Caregivers with positive attitudes for support had a higher proportion having the ability to obtain physician care compared to those with low family support. The proportion of persons with bedfast condition, cognitive impairment, and abnormal behaviors did not appear to have a relationships to level of family support. 2. There was only a weak relation between family support and perceived burden scale of caregivers. 3. Among all factors, the strongest relationship to family support was with educational background. The health of caregivers and the family relationship between caregivers and functionally dependent elderly were also related to level of family support.     

How perceived parental bonding affects self-concept and drive for thinness: A community-based study

The main aims of the present study were to investigate the relationship between perceived parental bonding and self-concept and to investigate whether these variables have an effect on eating disturbances vulnerability by testing a mediation model. We screened 3158 Italian high school students (1132 males and 2026 females), ranging in age from 14 to 18 years old by means of self-report measures of parental behavior as perceived by the offspring, eating disturbance propensity and self-concept. Weight and height were also measured. The link between a parental bonding behavior characterized by low paternal care and by maternal overprotection and a dysfunctional eating attitude (expressed by the drive for thinness) was significant and was found to be perfectly mediated by adolescents' self-concept. Moreover, our results showed that the impact of self-concept for the drive for thinness (and hence on eating psychopathologies) is moderated by the participants' body mass index and gender, but not by age. We consider this evidence of study to be useful for the prevention and treatment of eating related problems in adolescence.     

Perceived social support and psychological wellbeing of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS in Southwestern Uganda

ABSTRACT

Evidence points to a correlation between perceived social support and children’s psychological well-being globally. However, only a few studies have examined the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) from multiple sources and children’s psychological outcomes. Even fewer studies have examined the relationship between perceived social support from multiple sources and the psychological outcomes of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study examines whether PSS from multiple sources (parents/caregivers, teachers, friends and classmates) and family cohesion are independently and collectively associated with the psychological well-being of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS in Uganda. This study used baseline data from a National Institute of Health (NIH)-funded Suubi-Maka (Hope for families) study, conducted in Southwestern Uganda. A total of 346 child-caregiver dyads from 10 comparable primary schools participated in the study. Multivariate and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to examine: (1) variations in PSS from multiple sources and family cohesion, and (2) the relationship between PSS, family cohesion and children’s psychological outcomes, measured by depression, hopelessness, and self-concept. Controlling for participants’ demographic and household characteristics, the combined measure of PSS from multiple sources was positively associated with self-concept (b = .32, 95% CI = .23, .41, p ≤ .001) and negatively associated with hopelessness (b = ?.19, 95% CI = ?.29, ?.09, p ≤ .001) and depressive symptoms (b = ?.13, 95% CI = ?.23, ?.03, p ≤ .01). PSS from parents/guardians and teachers was a significant predictor. In addition, family cohesion was positively associated with self-concept (b = .37, 95% CI = .15, .58, p ≤ .001) and negatively associated with depressive symptoms (b = ?.36, 95%CI = ?.59, ?.13, p≤ = .01). Findings indicate that family cohesion and perceived social support, especially from parent/caregivers and teachers were associated with better children’s psychological outcomes. In HIV-impacted communities, interventions designed to strengthen family relationships and social support are essential to offset children’s psychological well-being.     

Family caregiving in advanced chronic organ failure

ObjectivesTo assess caregiver burden as well as positive aspects of family caregiving in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic heart failure (CHF), and chronic renal failure (CRF).DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingPatients recruited at the outpatient clinics of academic and general hospitals in the Netherlands.ParticipantsPatients with advanced COPD (n = 73), CHF (n = 45), and CRF (n = 41) and their family caregivers.MeasurementsCaregiver burden and positive aspects of caregiving were assessed using the Family Appraisal of Caregiving Questionnaire for Palliative Care and were compared among family caregivers of patients with COPD, CHF, or CRF using linear regression analysis while controlling for characteristics of patients and family caregivers.ResultsMost family caregivers were female partners of participating patients. Caregiver distress and caregiver strain scores were relatively low, whereas scores for positive caregiving appraisals and family well-being were relatively positive. Caregiver strain, positive caregiving appraisals, and family well-being were comparable for family caregivers of patients with COPD, CHF, or CRF. Caregiver distress was higher for family caregivers of patients with COPD than CHF. The experience of caregiving was influenced by being the patient's spouse, patient's psychological symptoms, and the presence of comorbidities.ConclusionsFamily caregiving for patients with COPD, CHF, or CRF should not only be seen as a burden, but also as a positive experience. To support family caregivers, attention should be paid to caregiver burden and the positive aspects of family caregiving.     

慢阻肺缓解期患者肺功能与体质量及血清补体的相关分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者第一秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比(FEV1%)与体质量及血清补体C     

Health promotion behaviors in Chinese family caregivers of patients with stroke

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between and among the caregiver's personal factors, the care recipient's functional status, the caregiver's perceived self-efficacy, social support, reactions to caregiving, and health promotion behaviors in family caregivers of community-dwelling stroke patients in Taiwan. A structured home-interview survey methodology was used to collect data from 134 primary caregivers responsible for care of stroke patients in Taipei, Taiwan. The study results indicated that, in general, caregivers were female spousal caregivers (mean age 52 years, average caregiving period 24 months). Regression analyses revealed that the caregiver's health status was the strongest positive predictor of caregiver self-efficacy. Spousal caregivers with a better-perceived health status were more satisfied with their resources of social supports. Spousal caregivers with poor perceived health status had a higher level of caregiving strain. Results for the overall model indicated caregiver's social support and the care recipient's functional status made significant contributions in explaining the caregiver's health promotion behaviors. Implications for further practice suggest establishing community training programs and support groups for family caregivers.     

乳腺癌患者身心功能状况与夫妻关系的相关性研究

目的 了解乳腺癌患者的夫妻关系、自我效能感水平、社会支持、自尊程度和生命质量状况,并探讨家庭支持中的夫妻关系作为重要支持系统,与乳腺癌患者身心功能状况之间的关系。方法 对2016年8月-2017年8月于某地三家三级甲等医院就诊的456例乳腺癌患者采用一般资料问卷、Locke-Wallace婚姻调适量表、乳腺癌幸存者自我效能感量表、乳腺癌患者性调节和身体意象量表、乳腺癌患者生命质量测定量表和Rosenberg自尊量表、社会支持评定量表进行问卷调查。结果 本次调查的乳腺癌患者Locke-Wallace婚姻调适量表得分平均为(111.04±31.63)分。结果显示,乳腺癌患者的夫妻关系与年龄、外向性格、居住地城镇和城市、根治术、客观支持、主观支持、生命质量中的生理、社会家庭、自我效能感、身体意象、性功能、自尊程度有关,t值介于-5.231~7.133之间,12个因子的累计贡献率为68.3%。结论 夫妻关系是乳腺癌患者重要的支持系统,对患者的身心功能各个方面均产生有力影响,因此,医护人员应着重将患者配偶纳入到治疗康复计划中,给予足够的支持和关心,让患者感受到尊重、理解,从而减少功能障碍,促进躯体康复,尽快融入家庭生活和社会工作。     

Is perceived family dysfunction related to comorbid psychopathology? A study at an eating disorder day treatment program

The role of the family in the development of eating disorders has been a predominant research focus. However, few studies of patients in an eating disorder (ED) day treatment program (DTP) have explored the relationship between self-reported family system functioning, self-reported comorbid psychopathology and current comorbid psychological symptom status. This study examined patients at presentation to an ED DTP, their self-reported perception of family functioning and the relationship with characteristics of their own comorbid psychopathology characteristics. Medical records of 51 day treatment female patients, ranging in age from 12 to 26 years, were examined by ED diagnosis and family type (using the FACES-II), and for significant differences on four self-report measures: SCL-90, EDI-2, BDI and TAS-20. Using MANOVA analyses and Bonferroni comparisons, significant differences on the self-report instruments for the entire sample and for the AN and BN patients were obtained when studying patients within different family types as defined by FACES-II. These data specific to DTP patients support previous findings for both IP and OP ED family studies. Overall, as family functioning was perceived to be more dysfunctional, the level of self-reported eating pathology and current comorbid psychological symptoms was also more severe.     

Coping efficacy and perceived family support: potential factors for reducing stress in premedical students

Objective  This study investigated the relationship between perceived family support and coping efficacy in premedical (i.e. prior to entering medical school) students, an understudied subset of undergraduate students who are particularly at risk for academia- related stress. The relationships between students' perceived academic coping abilities and their academic behaviours and experiences of stress have been considered within the vocational literature. However, an understanding of factors that inform coping efficacy beliefs is lacking.
Methods  A total of 238 premedical students provided demographic information regarding themselves and their parents. Students also completed a paper questionnaire containing a coping efficacy scale and items assessing their level of family support.
Results  Correlational analyses revealed significant positive relationships between family support and students' perceived abilities to cope with anticipated academic barriers as hypothesised. Bivariate comparisons of mean coping efficacy scores revealed that racial or ethnic minority students reported significantly higher coping efficacy beliefs than did White students. Students with doctor mothers also reported significantly higher coping efficacy than students with mothers employed in other health-related fields. No significant differences in coping efficacy were found when those with doctor fathers versus those with fathers in other health-related fields were compared.
Conclusions  Findings from the present study indicate that perceived family support plays a key role in establishing premedical students' confidence in their ability to cope with the challenges of academic life. These findings have important implications for further studies on coping and stress in premedical students.     

回族学龄期儿童自我意识水平及其影响因素分析

【目的】 了解回族学龄期儿童自我意识的发展水平及其影响因素。 【方法】 采用儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)和自编一般情况调查问卷对495名回族中小学生进行调查分析与评价。 【结果】 回族学龄期儿童自我意识总体水平显著低于全国城市常模(P＜0.001);女生的行为、焦虑、合群3个因子的得分及总分显著高于男生(P＜0.05);随着年级的增高,回族儿童自我意识得分降低;家庭环境因素中父母文化程度、职业、家庭收入、家庭类型对儿童自我意识均有影响;学校因素中学习成绩、师生关系、与同学关系对儿童自我意识的各因子及总分均有明显影响。 【结论】 学龄期儿童正处于自我意识发展的关键时期,营造良好的家庭与学校环境,是提高儿童心理健康水平的有力保障。