彩色"彗星尾"征在泌尿系统结石中的初步探讨

目的 为泌尿系统结石诊断提供一种方便，有效的客观依据。方法 对148例泌尿系统结石患者进行彩色多普勒超声观察。结果 90.5%患者泌尿系统结石后方出现彩色“彗星尾”征。结论 利用彩色多普勒超声诊断此病有较高的临床实用价值。     

彩色多普勒超声对布加综合征诊断价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声对布加综合征的诊断与应用价值.方法:回顾性分析37例布加综合征患者的彩色多普勒声像图资料.结果:37例经彩色多普勒超声检查诊断为布加综合征;10例肝静脉阻塞,27例下腔静脉阻塞.结论:彩色多普勒超声检查可作为布加综合征的首选诊断方法,能显示狭窄的部位、类型,指导临床治疗和观察手术效果.     

超声诊断视网膜母细胞瘤l例

眼外伤常致眼内异物,视网膜脱离,玻璃体出血等。本文41例,43只眼,其中眼内异物8例,视网膜脱离11例,玻璃体出血18例。眼内异物声像显示为玻璃体内有强回声光点或光团,其后方伴声影或彗星尾征,且可随眼球运动而移动。视网膜脱离完全时,玻璃体内可见“V”形纤细光带,“V”形尖端连于视神经乳头,视网膜部分脱离时,可见“一”字光带或凹     

乳腺癌彩色多普勒超声的诊断及鉴别诊断

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在乳腺癌诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的68例乳腺癌患者与67例乳腺良性肿块患者声像图资料,对乳腺癌二维超声图像与彩色多普勒血流图像(CDFI)特点进行总结,并将超声与病理结果相对照。结果乳腺恶性肿块与乳腺良性肿块的二维声像图存在差别;彩色多普勒血流图检查恶性肿块血流显示率为96%,良性肿块血流显示率为48%;恶性肿块多表现为穿入性动脉血管(76%),并呈高阻血流信号(RI>0.7)。结论彩色多普勒血流的分布特点与频谱变化是反映乳腺新生血管的一个重要特征,二维超声与彩色多普勒血流图结合能进一步提高乳腺癌的诊断率。     

彩色多普勒显像对右半结肠癌的诊断价值

目的：评价彩色多普勒显像（CDFI）对右半结肠癌的诊断价值。方法：对手术病理证实的24例右半结肠癌的彩超诊断进行回顾性分析,总结其声像特征。结果：声像学特征是：“假肾征”、“靶环征”、不规则形等,间接发现肠梗阻、肝转移、腹腔淋巴结转移率;CDFI癌瘤内见丰富或较丰富血流信号,血流显示率为83．3％,其频普为高速血流、高阻力指数（RI）。结论：彩色多普勒显像对右半结肠癌的诊断和手术范围提供了可靠依据。     

应用高渗葡萄糖利尿作用对肾结石的彩色多普勒超声诊断

目的：探讨应用高渗葡萄糖(50％)溶液利尿作用对肾结石的彩色多普勒超声(简称彩超)诊断与临床应用价值。方法：晨空腹口服50％葡萄糖溶液20ml，待10—15分钟后，饮水300—500ml，待30分钟后，施行彩色多普勒超声检查，并与X线平片、静脉或逆行尿路造影及手术病理对照分析。结果：620例肾结石，彩色多普勒超声符合率98．38％，左肾结石385例，占62．09％、右肾结石210例，占33．87％、双肾结石15例，占2．41％、漏误诊10例。占1．61％。结论：肾结石的彩色多普勒超声的声像图主要表现为结石强回声，其后方伴有向后延长，溢出肾脏之外的形似“彩色慧星尾征”的彩色声影，这种特征，对肾结石的确诊具有重要临床应用价值。     

彩色多普勒超声在婴幼儿肠套叠中的诊断价值

目的:探讨分析彩色多普勒超声对于婴幼儿肠套叠的诊断价值和意义。材料与方法:将2007年7月至2011年8月间在我院进行治疗的62例肠套叠患儿应用彩色多普勒超声进行诊断,并与手术和复位结果相比较。结果:62例患儿中,彩色多普勒超声诊断出59例,其他3例因无明显特征而漏诊,超声诊断和手术复位结果的相符率为95.16%。超声诊断肠套叠的声像图显示出"同心圆"、"套筒征"等特点。超声诊断的59例患儿中,57例在肠壁上诊断出血流信号,其他2例则无血流信号,手术确诊为肠坏死。结论:彩色多普勒超声对于婴幼儿肠套叠具有诊断准确度高、无创、重复性高、经济方便等特点,可作为肠套叠诊断的首选方法,具有推广使用价值。     

二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断良恶性结肠肿瘤的价值

目的探讨二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断良恶性结肠肿瘤的价值.方法 62例结肠肿瘤患者共有肿块82个,对肿块超声成像特征进行分析.结果 82个肿块中经超声诊断为恶性者74个,其中有69个经手术及纤维结肠镜活检后病理证实(符合率93.24%).结肠恶性肿瘤的特征性声像图为"假肾"征、"靶环"征及隆起包块等;良恶性肿瘤的彩色多普勒血流显像(color Doppler flow image,CDFI)显示率及阻力指数(resistant index,RI)存在显著差异.结论超声在鉴别结肠良恶性肿瘤中有较高的价值.     

超声对颈部神经鞘瘤诊断及鉴别诊断的价值

目的 回顾分析21例颈部神经鞘瘤的超声表现，总结其声像图特征及鉴别诊断。方法 21例病人均经手术病理证实，常规进行二维超声检查，记录其大小，回声类型，边界，均匀度，后方回声等声像图表现，其中10例应用了彩色多普勒血流成像检测肿瘤的血供情况。结果 21例颈部神经鞘瘤均为单发，声像图以低回声多见，伴有退行性变者，可表现为囊实性混合回声，肿瘤边界清晰，内部回声多为不均匀成欠均匀，彩色多普勒显示其血供丰富。结论 二维超声结合彩色多普勒超声对于颈部神经鞘瘤的诊断具有很大帮助。     

彩色多普勒超声对成人肠套叠肿瘤性病因筛查

目的 探讨成人肿瘤性肠套叠声像图特征.方法 对12例经手术确诊的成人肠套叠声像图进行分析,总结其声像图特征.结果 12例肠套叠,均具有典型声像图表现即:横断面呈"同心圆征"、纵断面呈"套管征",特异性为100%.9例肿瘤引起的肠套叠,超声术前明确诊断7例(78%).其中,同心圆或套筒征内肿瘤2例,表现为同心圆结构偏心性突然改变、套筒征中相平行的强弱回声线之间分离或抬高;肠套叠顶(远心)端肿瘤5例,表现为肠套叠顶(远心)端实性回声;4例实性肿块内呈现相对丰富的彩色血流信号,3例实性肿块内呈现彩色血流信号缺失表现.结论 彩色多普勒超声在对成人肠套叠肿瘤性病因筛查中有重要的诊断价值.     

Abnormal urine color

A change in urine color can be distressing for patients and physicians alike. Many of the causes of abnormal urine color are benign effects of medications and foods; however, a change in urine color may be a sign of an underlying pathological condition. The good news is that in many cases the diagnosis can be determined from a thorough history and urinalysis. This article presents many of the conditions physicians may encounter and will help them form a narrow differential diagnosis and treatment plan.     

Oversaturation of color may obscure small intraluminal partial occlusions in color Doppler imaging.

Color Doppler imaging has been reported to have a low degree of accuracy in diagnosing nonocclusive deep venous thrombosis. In this modality the color saturation while diagnosing deep vein thrombosis depends on the blood flow velocity and the sensitivity setting of the color image. To determine the effect of color saturation on the detection of thrombi, an in vitro experiment was performed using a closed-loop tube circulation system with a simulated small intraluminal partial occlusion. Heparinized blood was circulated at three different velocities (2, 5.5, and 9 cm/sec) and the vessels were scanned longitudinally and transversely with color Doppler imaging at three color sensitivity settings (low, medium, and high sensitivity). In appropriate color sensitivity settings (i.e., the low, medium, and high sensitivity for the velocity of 9,5.5 and 2 cm/sec, respectively), the color was saturated adequately in the tube lumen so that the partial occlusion was delineated as a color filling defect in the color field. In undersaturated color conditions, the partial occlusion was depicted owing to its echogenicity, but not as a color filling defect. In over-saturated color conditions, such as the high color sensitivity at the high velocity, the partial occlusion was obscured by the excessive amount of color. The over saturation of color may be one of the reasons color Doppler imaging fails to detect deep vein thrombosis, particularly small intraluminal thrombi.     

Doppler color flow imaging

By simultaneous processing of frequency, phase, and amplitude information in the backscattered ultrasound signal, new instruments now permit the real-time display of high-resolution grey scale images of tissue combined with the simultaneous display of flow data from vessels within the scan plane. Doppler Color Flow Imaging, or DCFI, using such processing, permits blood flow direction and relative velocity to be detected and displayed in a color encoded display from throughout the ultrasound image. We have tested a new Doppler color flow imaging system over a period of two years to evaluate the carotid arteries, peripheral arteries and veins, and dialysis fistulas. In the abdomen and pelvis we have imaged blood flow to the liver, spleen, kidneys, uterus and renal transplants. Our experience in over 500 patients leads us to conclude that DCFI has significant advantages over conventional duplex Doppler sonography for blood flow evaluation. For examination of carotid and peripheral vessels, we have found DCFI to permit more rapid assessment in both normal and abnormal states. Areas of vessel narrowing or turbulent flow may be identified rapidly and accurately, and vessel orientation may be determined precisely, allowing accurate calculation of blood flow velocity from Doppler frequency shifts. The system we have used has adequate penetration and sensitivity to allow imaging of hepatic and renal blood flow and is extremely promising as a method of imaging organ perfusion and in the detection of abnormalities of perfusion that accompany disease, such as transplant rejection. Tumor vascularity may also be identified with DCFI, opening the possibility of additional clinical applications.     

Transvaginal color Doppler imaging

Transvaginal color Doppler was used to assess circulation in pelvic vessels in a group of 64 patients including 15 patients with fertility problems, 18 patients with pelvic tumors, 2 cases of suspected ectopic pregnancy, and 29 pregnant patients with fetuses between 6 weeks and 10 weeks, menstrual age. Blood flow was successfully displayed by color Doppler in the external and internal iliac arteries, and the uterine arteries, but flow in ovarian arteries could not be visualized. In the subgroup of patients with pelvic tumors, neovascularization of tumor tissue was documented in 6 out of 10 cases of uterine fibroma and in 2 cases of ovarian cancer. In 6 cases involving benign ovarian pathology, no abnormal blood supply was observed. A comparison between the characteristics of blood flow within uterine fibromas and ovarian malignancies showed lower impedance and higher blood velocity in cases of malignancy. In early pregnancy blood flow in the umbilical artery could be visualized by color Doppler starting from the 6th week and flow in the aorta from the 8th week. Flow in the trophoblasts was observed with an overall success rate of 59% and successfully demonstrated in 1 out of 2 cases of ectopic pregnancy.