听觉诱发电位指数指导异氟醚与安氟醚麻醉的可行性

目的　观察听觉诱发电位指数 (AEP index)是否可用于指导异氟醚与安氟醚麻醉。方法　 4 0例择期手术病人 ,随机分成 4组 (n =10 ) :组Ⅰ为异氟醚指导组 (Iso t) ,组Ⅱ为异氟醚对照组 (Iso c) ,组Ⅲ为安氟醚指导组 (Enf t) ,组IV为安氟醚对照组 (Enf c)。对照组仅凭临床经验来调节异氟醚与安氟醚吸入浓度。指导组则通过维持AEP index值在 30左右来调节异氟醚与安氟醚吸入浓度。记录麻醉期间血压、心率及AEP index变化 ,并记录各麻醉药用量。结果　指导组收缩压明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且波动幅度较对照组大。对照组AEP index明显低于指导组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但麻醉维持过程相对较平稳 ,镇痛药与肌松药用量明显少于指导组。结论　AEP index可为异氟醚与安氟醚吸入麻醉镇静与睡眠的深度提供量化指标 ,且能预测体动 ,但尚不能完全依赖AEP index来指导麻醉。     

胸段硬膜外阻滞对吸入全麻行胃癌根治术中异氟醚MAC及其用量的影响

目的 :探讨复合胸段硬膜外阻滞后全麻各期段维持所需麻醉深度的异氟醚MAC及对其用量的影响。方法 :6 0例择期行胃癌根治术的患者 ,随机分成两组 ,研究组 (Ⅰ )异氟醚吸入全麻复合胸段硬膜外阻滞组 ;对照组 (Ⅱ )单纯异氟醚吸入全麻组。连续监测麻醉各阶段的循环状态和MAC值 ,麻醉结束准确测量整个麻醉所用异氟醚量。结果 :两组术中镇痛良好 ,肌松满意 ,均无术中知晓。组 (Ⅰ )整个麻醉过程循环稳定 ,平均动脉压 (MAP)和心率(HR)与麻醉前相比均无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,波动小。组 (Ⅱ )整个麻醉过程中循环波动较大 ,与麻醉前和组 (Ⅰ )相比 ,MAP和HR均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;组 (Ⅱ )术中各阶段持循环稳定和手术所需MAC均明显高于组 (Ⅰ ) (P <0 0 5 ) ,整个麻醉异氟醚用量较大 ,与组 (Ⅰ )相比差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :异氟醚麻醉复合胸段硬膜外阻滞行胃癌根治术能有效抑制应激反应 ,保障血流动力学稳定 ,减少吸入全麻药用量 ,在较浅吸入全麻基础上顺利完成手术 ,是一种十分有效的麻醉方法     

七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的效果比较

目的探讨七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）中的效果比较。方法选择80例LC手术患者,分为七氟醚组与异氟醚组,两组患者均在麻醉诱导后行气管插管、机械通气。七氟醚组麻醉维持采用吸入七氟醚,异氟醚组麻醉维持采用吸入异氟醚。结果两组患者麻醉前MAP、HR比较无明显统计学差异（P〉0．05）,气腹后5min、苏醒时异氟醚组患者MAP、HR与麻醉前比较明显上升且高于相应时间点的七氟醚组（P〈0．05）。七氟醚组术后睁眼时间、拔出气管插管时间和Aldrete评分达到9分时间均少于异氟醚组。且七氟醚组术后苏醒期躁动发生率明显少于异氟醚组（χ^2=5．00,P〈0．05）。两组患者的术后4hMMSE评分与麻醉前比较均明显下降（P〈0．05）,且异氟醚组下降的幅度与七氟醚组比较更显著（P〈0．05）,术后12h两组患者MMSE评分均恢复至麻醉前水平。结论LC手术采用吸入七氟醚麻醉较吸入异氟醚麻醉具有麻醉恢复时间短、麻醉恢复质量好、术后苏醒期躁动发生少、减轻LC手术应激反应的特点,对术后认知功能的影响较小。尤其适合老年手术患者的麻醉。     

芬太尼对地氟醚交感兴奋作用的影响

目的 探讨芬太尼对地氟醚的交感兴奋作用的影响。方法 择期手术患30例（ASAI－Ⅱ），随机分为地氟醚（A组）和地氟醚＋芬太尼（B组）两组。采用异丙酚2mg/kg静脉麻醉诱导，B组在气管插管后给芬太尼2μg/kg。在0．5MAC维持15min后先后快速增至1．0MAC和1．5MAC，各维持5min，观察各MAC水平两组对平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、心率变异性和血浆中肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素浓度的影响。结果 在0．5MAC和1．0MAC时B组的MAP、HR和低频（LF）低于A组（P＜0．05），而高频（HF）高于A组（P＜0．05），达1．5MAC后两组则均出现2－4min的MAP增高和HR增快现象，且LF／HF、肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素明显增高，两组间差异无显性意义（P＞0．05）。结论 2μg/kg芬太尼不能抑制地氟醚的交感兴奋作用。     

七氟醚用于小儿腭裂手术麻醉效果观察

目的：比较七氟醚与异氟醚在小儿腭裂手术全身麻醉维持过程中的安全性和并发症的发生率。方法112例ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级腭裂整复术患儿随机分为七氟醚吸入组(n=54例)与异氟醚吸入组(n=58例),在全麻插管机械通气下术中两组均维持麻醉气体呼末浓度在1.3 MAC,术毕带管入麻醉恢复室(PACU)。记录患儿入室(T0)、手术结束即刻(T1)、麻醉结束后(T2)、拔管即刻(T3)和出PACU (T4)时点心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血样饱和度(SpO2)的值、滞留PACU的时间和苏醒期不良事件。结果 T1、T2、T3和T4时点两组患者的SpO2比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);T1、T2、T3和T4时点异氟醚组HR、MAP较七氟醚组低(P<0.05),PACU滞留时间七氟醚组明显低于异氟醚组(P<0.05);与异氟醚组比较,七氟醚组在苏醒过程中躁动发生率低(P<0.05);两组患儿在PACU中低氧血症、呕吐、喉痉挛的发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论儿童唇腭裂修复术中应用七氟醚比异氟醚维持麻醉HR、MAP更稳定,其可减少苏醒期躁动的发生率,缩短PACU的滞留时间。     

七氟醚和异氟醚低流量麻醉用于腹腔镜手术的比较

目的比较七氟醚和异氟醚低流量麻醉用于腹腔镜胆囊摘除术时药代动力学、苏醒过程以及不良反应。方法48例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人随机分成七氟醚组（S组）和异氟醚组（I组）。麻醉诱导插管后连接Drager麻醉机,S组吸入七氟醚/O2,挥发罐浓度（Fv）1.2～1.8MAC（2～3%）;I组吸入异氟醚/O2,Fv2.2～2.6MAC（2.5%～3%）。术中用麻醉气体监护仪连续监测吸入气浓度（F1）、肺泡气浓度（FA）以及F1O2、PETCO2、MAP、HR。记录肺泡气浓度上升速率（FA/FI）、肺清除率（FA/FAO）,诱导期FA/F1=0.5的时间,苏醒期FA/FAO=0.5的时间,术毕观察病人苏醒时间、有无苏醒期躁动。术后随访术中知晓、恶心呕吐及对麻醉的满意度。结果两组患者麻醉后至气腹前MAP、HR偏低,气腹时略有升高,两组间无显著差异。FA/F1=0.5的时间S组较I组短（P〈0.01）。S组FA/F1比值较I组高,上升速度较I组快,FA/FAO降低速度1分钟内较I组快（P〈0.05）。术后苏醒期躁动和恶心呕吐发生率S组低于I组。结论七氟醚麻醉诱导快,苏醒期平稳,术后恶心呕吐发生率低。     

地氟醚与异氟醚对脑电图的影响

目的　比较相同MAC浓度的地氟醚和异氟醚对脑电图的影响。方法　 2 0例 2 0～ 5 0岁 ,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期手术的患者 ,均不用术前药。麻醉诱导以静脉异丙酚 2mg/kg ,琥珀胆碱 2mg/kg快速气管插管 ,单纯吸入地氟醚或异氟醚维持麻醉。控制呼吸 ,维持呼气末二氧化碳分压 (PETCO2 )在 4 7～ 6 0kPa。以TOF监测肌松 ,维持T4/T1 <2 5 %。以双导联方式监测脑电变化 ,观察呼气末麻醉药浓度在 0 5 ,0 8,1 0 ,1 3 ,1 5MAC时的脑电边缘频率 (SEF)和双谱指数(BIS)的改变。结果　随MAC的增加SEF和BIS逐渐减小 ,呈负性线性相关关系 (r分别为 -0 95和 -0 99,P <0 0 1) ,两组间SEF和BIS差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　地氟醚对脑电图的影响与异氟醚相似 ;EEG对监测麻醉深度有一定指导意义     

肺叶切除术中应用曲马多对安氟醚的肺泡最低有效浓度和循环的影响

观察在肺叶切除术中应用曲马多对安氟醚对肺泡最低有效浓度 (MAC)和循环的影响。方法　ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期肺叶切除术病人 30例 ,随机分为 2组。 2组均用安氟醚吸入全麻加硬膜外阻滞。实验组 (n =15 )于切皮前 5min静注曲马多 10 0mg继以 0 5mg/ (kg·h) -1维持静点 ;对照组 (n =15 )不用曲马多。监测切皮时 ,入胸 1、5、15、30、4 5、6 0、75min后 ,术毕及拔管时安氟醚的肺泡最低有效浓度 (MAC)、心率(HR)和平均动脉压 (MAP)等指标。结果　实验组在入胸后各监测点及术毕时安氟醚的MAC均小于相应的对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;组间比较MAP、HR无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　曲马多应用于肺叶切除术中可强化吸入麻醉药效能 ,常用剂量对循环无明显影响     

地氟醚和异氟醚对脑电图的影响

目的　比较相同MAC浓度的地氟醚和异氟醚对脑电图的影响。方法　 2 0例 2 0～ 5 0岁 ,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期手术的病人 ,均不用术前药。麻醉诱导以静脉异丙酚 2mg/kg ,琥珀胆碱 2mg/kg快速气管插管 ,单纯吸入地氟醚或异氟醚维持麻醉。控制呼吸 ,维持呼吸末二氧化碳分压 (PETCO2 )在 4 7～ 6 0kPa。以TOF监测肌松 ,维持T4 /T1<2 5 %。以双导联方式监测脑电变化 ,观察呼气末麻醉药浓度在 0 5、0 8、1 0、1 3和 1 5MAC时的脑电边缘频率 (SEF)和双谱指数 (BI)的改变。结果　随MAC的增加SEF和BI逐渐减小 ,呈负性线性相关关系 (r分别为 - 0 95和 - 0 99,P <0 0 1) ,两组间SEF和BI无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　地氟醚对脑电图的影响与异氟醚相似。EEG对监测麻醉深度有一定指导意义。     

异氟醚或异丙酚麻醉对血糖及胰岛素浓度的影响

目的 :观察颅脑手术中吸入异氟醚麻醉或静注异丙酚麻醉静脉血血糖及胰岛素浓度的变化。方法 :30例颅内肿瘤切除术病人随机分为异氟醚组与异丙酚组 ,每组 15例。两组诱异用药相同 ;麻醉维持分别为异丙酚或异氟醚。于诱异前、插管后、麻醉维持 30min及 6 0min采静脉血 ,测定血糖和胰岛素浓度。结果 :异丙酚组各时点血糖、异氟醚组各时点胰岛素浓度无显著变化 ;异氟醚组血糖浓度在麻醉后 30及 6 0min明显升高 (P <0 .0 5及P <0 .0 1) ,异丙酚组胰岛素浓度在麻醉后 6 0min显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :异氟醚麻醉下血糖显著升高 ,而异丙酚麻醉血糖无显著变化 ,故异丙酚麻醉较适用于颅脑手术。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.