四川不同产地淫羊藿中无机元素的分析测定

目的:建立淫羊藿无机元素的测定方法,并对四川不同产地淫羊藿中16种无机元素进行比较研究。方法:用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定K、Na、Se、Hg、As、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的含量,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定Mo、Pb、Cd、Cr和Co的含量。结果:所有样品中均含有16种无机元素,其中,K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn等6种元素的平均含量较高。FAAS法测定K、Na、Se、Hg、As、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的回收率为99.0%~103.9%,RSD为0.56%~1.8%;GFAAS法测定Mo、Pb、Cd、Cr和Co的回收率为99.4%~101.5%,RSD为0.21%~2.5%;各元素的相关系数为0.9990~1.0000。结论:该方法快速、简便、准确;测定结果为制订淫羊藿重金属元素及有害元素限量标准提供一定参考,同时为其合理用药和规范化栽培基地的选择提供依据。     

微波消解ICP-AES检测6种清热解毒类中草药中14种常微量元素

目的:建立同时检测清热解毒类中草药样品中Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Na、K、Ca、Mg、Cr、Ni、Pb、Se、As、Cd等14种元素的含量的分析方法。方法:用微波消解法对清热解毒类中草药样品进行消化,以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)检测样品中14种元素的含量,并优化微波处理条件。结果:清热解毒类中草药中含有丰富的对人体有益的常微量元素。结论:采用微波消解技术和ICP-AES相结合检测常微量元素具有省时、省力、环境污染小,测定结果快速、准确等优点。     

Inter-element interactions in human hair

The concentrations of 33 elements: Ca, Mg, Na, U, Cu, Zn, P, Fe, Mn, Cr, Se, B, Co, Mo, Si, V, Ni, Be, Hg, Cd, Al, Pb, As, Ba, Au, Pt, Ag, Sr, Sn, Ti, W, Sb and Zr in hair were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Hair samples (n=83) were collected between 1996 and 2003 from inhabitants of city of Wroc?aw, located in Lower Silesia, south-west Poland (urbanized and industrialized region). Inter-element interactions were studied by evaluation of correlation coefficients between two elements, as well as by multiple regression analysis. The strongest relations found between the elements in the hair were as follows: Mg and Ca, Mn and Ca, Sr and Ca, Sr and Mg, U and Na, Ni and Zn, Mn and Sr, Cd and Ni, Sb and Pt. We obtained also the following essential linear multiple dependences (p<0.05): Al=f(U, P, Mn), As=f(Zn, Fe) (Zn is negatively correlated, β<0), Cu=f(V), Fe=f(Mn, As), Mg=f(Ca), Ca=f(Mg, Ba), Ni=f(Zn, Cd), Sb=f(Pt, Sn, W) and Ti=f(Fe, Co). These relations can be useful in the explanation of relationships among the elements in man.     

加味逍遥方中20种无机元素的分布规律及相关性研究

目的 建立加味逍遥方中无机元素的微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）分析方法,对不同批次加味逍遥提取物和组方药材中无机元素进行比较和分析。方法 采用微波消解法对样品进行前处理,ICP-MS法对加味逍遥提取物中铁、锌、铜、锰、镍、钒、铬、钴、硒、锶、铯、砷、镉、银、汞、铅、铀20种无机元素的进行了定量,并应用SPSS 22.0软件对结果进行统计学分析。结果 加味逍遥提取物中20种无机元素之间具有一定的相关性,应用主成分分析选出4个主因子,得出Na、Mg、Al、V、Ni、Cu、Se、Sr、Cs、Mn、Hg、Fe为加味逍遥提取物的特征元素;组方药材中主要含有Mg、Al、Mn、Fe;10味药材因其药用部位不同无机元素水平差异较大,同种元素水平从根及根茎类、皮类、全草类、果实种子类、菌类依次降低。结论 无机元素的水平变化不仅能表征提取工艺过程的稳定性,而且能为中药复方配伍规律研究提供实验依据。     

Analysis of Indian mint (Mentha spicata) for essential, trace and toxic elements and its antioxidant behaviour

Mint, belonging to the genus Mentha in the family Labiatae (Lamiaceae) is pungent in taste with post digestive effects and hot potency. Ten samples of mint leaves, collected from four different locations in North-West parts of India (Roorkee, Dehradun, Baghpat and Uttarkashi) were analysed for seven minor (Al, Na, K, Ca, Cl, Mg, and P) and 20 trace (As, Au, Ba, Br, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, Hg, La, Mn, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Th and Zn) elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Also Ni, Cu and Cd were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Samples along with reference materials (RMs) and synthetic primary standard were irradiated at approximately 10(13) n cm-2s-1 and its gamma-activity was measured using HPGe detector and MCA system. Most elements were found in widely varying amounts depending on the location, e.g. Na (0.21-0.86 mg/g), K (12.4-53.3 mg/g) and Ca (5.82-16.8 mg/g) whereas mean contents of other nutrient elements in mint were: Fe (108+/-22 microg/g), Mg (4.83+/-0.92 mg/g), Mn (53.5+/-9.6 microg/g), P (3.88+/-0.94 mg/g), Cu (16.9+/-1.8 microg/g), Zn (21.0+/-4.7 microg/g) and Se (0.18+/-0.03 microg/g). Further, DPPH free radical scavenging activity test in diethyl ether extract showed 100% activity at approximately 40 microg/L suggesting it to be antioxidant in accordance with literature reports.     

Experimental substantiation of the possibility of developing selenium- and iodine-containing pharmaceuticals based on blue-green algae Spirulina platensis

The great potential of using blue-green algae Spirulina platensis as a matrix for the production of selenium- and iodine-containing pharmaceuticals is shown experimentally. The background levels of 31 major, minor and trace elements (Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni (using (n,p) reaction), As, Br, Zn, Rb, Mo, Ag, Sb, I, Ba, Sm, Tb, Tm, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Hg, Th) in S. platensis biomass were determined by means of epithermal neutron activation analysis. The dependence of selenium and iodine accumulation in spirulina biomass on a nutrient medium loading of the above elements was characterized. To demonstrate the possibilities of determining toxic element intake by spirulina biomass, mercury was selected. The technological parameters for production of iodinated treatment-and-prophylactic pills are developed.     

Elemental characterization of trifala powders and tablets by instrumental neutron activation analysis, thermal analysis and spectral studies of gallic acid

Trifala is one of the most popular herbal formulations, marketed either as powder or a tablet and is used in all parts of India. It is an effective laxative, antioxidant, anticancer and antidiabetic agent, and is used to refresh the eyes. In order to understand the therapeutic uses of trifala, the powder and tablet forms from Zandu Pharmaceuticals, Mumbai, were analyzed for six minor (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl and P) and 23 trace (Al, Ba, Br, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Eu, Hf, Hg, La, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Th, V and Zn) elements. The elements were determined by employing instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). A comparison of the elemental contents in the powder and tablets showed wide variations. The powder was rich in Cr, Fe, Se and Zn, whereas the tablet contained a four-fold higher Mn compared to the powder. Column and thin layer chromatography (TLC) in ethyl acetate/methanol (7:3) were used for the separation of gallic acid in ethanolic extract. It was further confirmed by elemental analysis and spectral methods and quantitatively estimated to the extent of approximately 2%. Thermogravimetric decomposition studies show a three stage process, first a slow process with approximately 20% wt loss at temperatures up to 200 degrees C followed by a fast process losing another 30-35% wt at approximately 300 degrees C for both the powder and tablets. At 700 degrees C metal oxide residue of 7.5 and approximately 16% were left for powder and tablets, respectively.     

The effect of age, sex, smoking habit and hair color on the composition of hair

Hair samples (N=83) were collected between the years 1996 and 2003 from inhabitants of Wroc?aw, a city located in Lower Silesia, south-western Poland (urbanized and industrialized region). The concentrations of 33 elements: Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cu, Zn, P, Fe, Mn, Cr, Se, B, Co, Mo, Si, V, Ni, Be, Hg, Cd, Al, Pb, As, Ba, Au, Pt, Ag, Sr, Sn, Ti, W, Sb and Zr in hair were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) techniques. The effect of age, sex, smoking habits and hair color on the elemental composition of hair was investigated. Also, the obtained results were compared with literature data. It was found that the composition of hair varied with age, sex, hair color and smoking habits. This concerned the majority of elements except Ti, Se, Mn, Ni, Hg, Cd, As, Co (in the case of effect of age), Al, Cd, Co (sex), Cd, K, Ag, Ca, Co, Be (smoking habit), P, Fe, Al, Mn and Cr (hair color). Therefore, reference values for the level of the remaining elements should be normalized according to age, sex, smoking habit and hair color. This would make hair analysis more reliable.     

雪胆生药中二十一种微量元素含量分析

作者用原子吸收分光光度计和电感偶合等离子体发射光谱仪多种方法,测定了雪胆生药中二十一种微量元素的含量,并对结果进行了比较分析。     

甘露消渴胶囊中11种元素的含量分析

目的探讨中成药中元素的分布是否存在某种规律性。方法以微波消解法制备供试品,采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱（ICP—MS）法测定中成药甘露消渴胶囊中Cr,Mn,Cu,Zn,Se,Ni,V,Fe,Ca,Mg,K等11种元素的含量。结果甘露消渴胶囊中的Cr,Mn,Se,Ni,V,Fe,Ca,Mg,K相对含量较高,Cu／Zn比值较低。结论该测定结果为研究此类中成药中元素含量与治疗糖尿病之间的关系提供了参考数据。     

微波消解ICP-AES法对参芪归芍汤中元素的含量测定与分析

目的：对参芪归芍汤及复方中各单味药的元素进行含量测定与比较分析。方法：采用微波消解法处理样品溶液,使用电感耦合等离子发射光谱（ICP-AES）同时测定21种元素含量,采用主成分分析对参芪归芍汤及各单味药中无机元素的含量进行分析评价。结果：参芪归芍汤中各元素含量如下K > Na > Mg > Ca > Fe > Al > B > Pb > Ni > V > Ti > Be > Se > Li > Cu > Hg > Sn > Sr > Zn > Cr > Mn,主成分分析选择了5个因子占总方差数据中的88.06%。结论：该方法灵敏度高,专属性好,可为参芪归芍汤药效物质基础的研究提供参考依据。     

Chemometrics based on the mineral content as a tool for the assessment of the pollution of top soils

This is the first research of this type which includes the wider area of Kosovo taking into account the mineral wealth. The concentrations of 20 elements: Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Si, V, and Zn were determined using ICP-OES. The ranges of concentrations of toxic elements are lead (Pb) 0.044–14.98?g/kg, arsenic (As) 0.007–0.33?g/kg, cadmium (Cd) 0.004–0.044?g/kg, and chromium (Cr) 0.053–0.245?g/kg. The spatial distribution of toxic elements was described using distribution maps. Principal component and cluster analyses were performed to reveal grouping of samples.     

不同产地蜂胶中元素分布特征及相关性分析

目的研究不同产地蜂胶中元素分布特征及相关性。方法采用ICP-MS电感耦合等离子体质谱仪,辅以原子荧光和原子吸收分析方法,对不同国家、省份的蜂胶样本中可能存在的元素进行测定和分析,应用SPSS统计分析软件分析蜂胶中元素间的相关性。结果①不同产地蜂胶中金属元素从高到低依次为钾、钙、钠、铁,7种金属元素中,共有7对元素呈现相关（P〈0．05）或显著相关俨〈0．01）,尤其是钙和铁、钙和镁、镁和钾显著相关。②不同产地蜂胶中长寿元素含量从高到低顺序一般为钴、钼、硒、锰,仅硒和锰呈现显著相关（P〈0．01）。③不同产地蜂胶砷、镉的含量都很低,而铅、汞、铬、镍有较大差异。结论由于受土壤、气候以及自然环境的影响,不同产地蜂胶中元素的绝对含量呈现地域性差异,部分元素呈现一定的相关性。     

Pharmacological characterization of Aristolochia clematitis L. growing in the Stavropol Region

The amino acid and elemental composition of birthwort (Aristolochia clematitis L.) plant species occurring in the Stavropol region has been studied. The analyses showed a high content of tyrosine in the above-ground parts and revealed the presence of 25 elements (K, Ca, P, Mg, Al, Fe, Na, Si, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, V, Li, As, Pb, Co, J, Se, Cd, Hg, Be, Sn, Ti), some of which belong to the group of toxic metals. The differentiation of various plant organs with respect to the accumulation of different groups of chemical elements is established. __________ Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 23–24, April, 2006.     

中药马齿苋的微量元素测定

本文报道用原子吸收分光光度法及等离子体发射光谱法测定马齿苋中二十一种微量元素的结果。     

微波消解-等离子体原子发射光谱法测定6种蒙药中15个元素含量

目的:建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定6种清热解毒类蒙药中钼、钴、硒、硅、锰、铜、锡、钡、铁、磷、锌、钾、钠、镁和钙等15个元素含量的方法。方法:采用硝酸-过氧化氢(体积比5∶1)为溶样试剂,以微波消解和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)联用同时测定上述15个元素。结果:在0.5 g蒙药中各元素的平均回收率在96.4%→104.5%之间,RSD在1.1%→3.5%之间,检出限介于0.18～102.41μg.L-1。结论:该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于蒙药中上述15个元素的同时测定。     

原子吸收分光光度法测定马蹄甲中8种元素含量

目的:应用原子吸收分光光度法对马蹄甲中8种元素进行分析。方法:采用原子吸收分光光度法进行测定。结果:Na、K、Mg、Ca、Mn、Zn、Fe、Cu在马蹄甲中Ca的含量最高,含量大小依次为Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Mn、K、Na、Cu。结论:马蹄甲中除含有丰富Ca、Mg、Zn外,还有较为丰富的Fe、Mn、K、Na、Cu这些元素在其药效发挥中起着不可替代的作用。     

大青叶中18种无机元素的含量测定

目的 建立大青叶中无机元素含量的测定方法。方法采用原子荧光、电感耦合等离子光谱、电感耦合等离子质谱等方法来进行无机元素的测定。结果测定了大青叶中Ca、Cu、Fe、Mg、Zn、Sr、V、Cd、Cr、Co、AI、Mn、Mo、Ni、P、Pb、As、Se等18种无机元素的含量。结论分析方法简便、快捷、准确,适于无机元素的分析测定。     

大黄中18种无机元素的含量测定

目的：建立大黄中无机元素含量的测定方法。方法：采用原子荧光、电感耦合等离子光谱、电感耦合等离子质谱等方法来进行无机元素的测定。结果：测定了大黄中Ca、Cu、Fe、Mg、Zn、Sr、V、Cd、Cr、Co、Al、Mn、Mo、Ni、P、Pb、As、Se等18种无机元素的含量。结论：分析方法简便、快捷、准确,适于无机元素的分析测定。     

黄柏中18种无机元素的含量测定

目的建立黄柏中无机元素含量的测定方法。方法采用原子荧光、电感耦合等离子光谱、电感耦合等离子质谱等方法来进行无机元素的测定。结果测定了黄柏中Ca、Cu、Fe、Mg、Zn、Sr、V、Cd、Cr、Co、Al、Mn、Mo、Ni、P、Pb、As、Se等18种无机元素的含量。结论分析方法简便、快捷、准确,适于无机元素的分析测定。