自控间歇式电刺激仪在压力性及急迫性尿失禁治疗中的应用[英]／Nissenkorn I…／／BJU Int．

尿失禁类型可分为压力性(SUI)、急迫性(urge)或混合性(MUI)。45～60岁妇女约20％妇女有尿失禁；而60岁以上妇女发生率增到30％～35％。为了解电刺激盆底肌肉治疗妇女SUI或MUI尿失禁(急迫性尿失禁和膀胱周围炎)的安全性和有效性，采用新型便携式电刺激仪(Miniaturo，Biocontrol Medical Inc，Yehud，Israel)进行研究，该仪可产生不同的针对性刺激方式，电刺激强度也可以根据患者的感觉来调整。     

生物反馈盆底肌肉训练治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的:通过生物反馈盆底肌肉训练治疗女性压力性尿失禁6例分析，探讨生物反馈盆底肌肉训练治疗女性压力性尿失禁的效果，以期寻找女性压力性尿失禁较好的非手术治疗方法。方法:我院2003年9月～2004．年1月共有6例女性尿失禁患者接受了生物反馈盆底肌肉训练，平均年龄44岁(31～61岁)，治疗前通过病史问卷、查体诊断尿失禁，其中5例压力性尿失禁，1例压力性尿失禁与急迫性尿失禁合并存在。压力性尿失禁的分度2例中度，4例为轻度。治疗采用Femiscan生物反馈治疗仪，可反馈测量患者盆底肌肉肌电，治疗疗程8～12周，每周2次，4例患者结束治疗疗程，2例正在治疗疗程之中。通过盆底肌肉肌电测量值及病史问卷评价其效果。结果:4例已完成治疗的患者盆底肌电测量值，治疗前平均肌电值为9．7μV(3．33～15．48μV)，治疗后42．9μV(25．0～72．6μV)，平均提高4．42倍，3例患者的症状改善，均为小于40岁患者，症状改善在治疗的第4～6周出现，1例61岁患者效果不明显。正在进行治疗的2例患者治疗4周，目前症状未见改善。治疗未见副作用。结论：生物反馈盆底肌肉训练是一种安全、有效治疗女性压力性尿失禁的方法，尤其是对于年轻、尿失禁程度较轻的患者效果更佳。     

盆底肌肉训练治疗女性尿失禁的效果

尿失禁是女性多发病,估计美国有1千余万患者。传统治疗为手术治疗压力性尿失禁及抗胆硷药物与膀胱训练治疗急迫性尿失禁(逼尿肌不稳定)。Fantl(1991)报道经传统治疗急迫性尿失禁的膀胱训练治疗6周后,急迫性和压力性尿失禁均有改善。Wells(1990)综合文献报道此法对真性压力性尿失禁的有效率为31％～97％。近年来盆底肌肉训练已被有效地用于治疗压力性尿失禁,尚未广泛用于治     

女性压力性尿失禁的综合治疗

目的:探讨女性压力性尿失禁(stressurinaryincontinence,SUI)的治疗方法和效果。方法:压力性尿失禁51例采用经阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊带术治疗23例,药物和功能训练治疗28例。结果:手术治疗组23例手术时间平均35min,出血量平均15ml,随访患者3~23月, 21例(91 .3% )治愈, 2例明显改善。4例出现并发症,其中术中膀胱损伤3例,术后尿潴留1例。非手术治疗28例2例治愈, 18例有不同程度地改善, 8例无效,总有效率为71 .4%。结论:经阴道无张力尿道悬吊带术是治疗女性压力性尿失禁十分有效的微创方法,药物治疗和功能训练有一定的改善作用。     

混合性尿失禁手术治疗效果评价(附53例报告)

目的:探讨尿道中段无张力悬吊术(tension-free vaginal tape,TVT)治疗混合性尿失禁的疗效、有效性及安全性.方法:对我院2005年8月至2007年8月53例混合性尿失禁患者行TVT手术.结果:43例患者手术后尿失禁得到治愈,10例尿潴留,2例术后精神抑郁.随访24个月,7例吊带排异,1例肾孟肾炎,15例术后近期出现急迫性尿失禁症状明显,远期症状缓解.结论:混合性尿失禁行TVT手术安全有效.但应筛选病例,排除排尿困难、神经源性膀胱、神经系统疾病或损伤及遗尿症等患者.并需用药物协同治疗,以达满意疗效.     

阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性尿失禁的临床观察

目的　探讨阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊术 (tension freevaginaltape ,TVT)治疗女性尿失禁的临床效果。方法　回顾性分析自 2 0 0 1年 5月至 2 0 0 3年 2月 ,应用TVT手术治疗的 2 3例 (其中18例为压力性尿失禁 ,5例为混合性尿失禁 )女性尿失禁患者的临床资料。结果　 2 3例TVT手术中 ,除 1例因术中可疑有损伤而改为尿道折叠 (Kelly)术外 ,其余TVT手术均成功 ,手术成功率为96 % (2 2 / 2 3)。 2 0例 (91% )术后排尿功能恢复良好 ,2例 (9% )分别因膀胱不稳定 (运动型急迫性尿失禁 )及感染而发生排尿困难 ,经持续导尿、膀胱训练及药物治疗后 ,均恢复正常排尿功能。平均手术时间为 4 9min。术后两年随访所有患者 ,排尿功能均恢复正常。结论　TVT手术简单、微创、恢复快、效果好。     

性交过程中女性尿液漏出对性功能的影响

女性下尿道和生殖道在胚胎和解剖学上密切相关．因而妇女下尿道和生殖道的疾病可相互影响。为确定尿失禁妇女性交过程中尿液漏出对其个人及配偶性功能的影响进行研究。研究对象为1999年9月—2000年9月，土耳其Istanbul大学医学院妇产科224例尿失禁妇女，均进行病史、尿液分析、排尿日记、尿垫试验、盆底肌张力、尿流动力学和盆腔超声检查。其中29％（65例）在性交过程中有尿液漏出现象。这65例中53．9％（35例）为压力性尿失禁，36．9％（24例）为混合性，9．2％（6例）为急迫性。32例同意并参加该项研究（研究组），     

甘肃省女性尿失禁的流行病学调查及影响因素的多因素Logistic分析

目的:了解甘肃省女性尿失禁的流行状况,探讨相关影响因素.方法:对甘肃省东、西、中部地区部分城镇及农村20岁以上成年女性,采用分层、整群随机抽样的方法,抽取2700例进行女性尿失禁症状调查问卷,包括基本情况、尿失禁生活质量问卷、女性下尿路症状国际尿失禁标准问卷(ICIQ-FLUTS)现场调查.结果:获得有效问卷2603份.被调查对象年龄≥20岁,平均41.2±13.4岁.甘肃省女性尿失禁的平均患病率为41.3％ (n=1074),其中压力性尿失禁、急迫性尿失禁、混合性尿失禁的患病率分别为19.9％ (n =517)、2.7％(n=69)、18.6％ (n =485),压力性尿失禁为最主要的一类.随着年龄的增长,混合性尿失禁患病率明显增加.多因素Lo-gistic回归分析表明:体重指数、产次、饮酒、盆腔手术、便秘、慢性盆腔痛、盆腔脏器脱垂、会阴裂伤是尿失禁发生的危险因素.高文化水平、高经济收入、剖宫产、产后缩肛训练是其保护因素.结论:甘肃省成年女性尿失禁患病率较高,其中以压力性尿失禁为主.高体重指数、饮酒、便秘、慢性盆腔痛、盆腔脏器脱垂及多产、分娩时会阴裂伤等是尿失禁发生的危险因素,而提高文化水平、经济收入及产后进行缩肛训练等能一定程度预防和降低尿失禁的发生.     

非脱垂全子宫切除术后尿失禁发病率及危险因素——7年回顾性队列研究

目的:观察因非脱垂良性疾病行全子宫切除术对患者泌尿功能的长期影响,并探讨术后尿失禁(UI)的发生率及其危险因素。方法:选取2003年1月至2013年1月在北京协和医院因非子宫脱垂良性疾病(术前均无UI及脱垂,术后病理结果证实)行全子宫切除术或非子宫切除术者共560例,其中行全子宫切除术者384例,非子宫切除术者176例(对照组)。分别进行电话问卷随访,通过中文验证版女性下尿路症状国际尿失禁标准问卷(ICIQ-FLUTS)及尿道疾病程度分类问卷(UDI-6)完成术前、术后1年、3年、5年、7年的主观泌尿功能评价调查,观察术前无脱垂或尿失禁患者术后尿失禁的患病情况。结果:264例患者有效完成问卷,其中全子宫切术组164例(62.1%),对照组100例(37.9%)。术后1年时,全子宫切除术组的UI患病率显著高于对照组(P=0.031),而长期随访发现两者并无显著差异(P0.05)。术后1年、3年、5年和7年,全子宫切除组患者的UI患病率分别为8.5%(14/164)、9.7%(10/103)、12.2%(10/82)和16.7%(10/60)。全子宫切术组的压力性尿失禁(SUI)、急迫性尿失禁(UUI)等症状的术后患病率均明显高于对照组;急迫性尿失禁较压力性尿失禁常见。多因素分析发现,多产为UI发生的独立危险因素(OR=3.87,95%CI为1.12~13.33)。结论:全子宫切除术增加术后UI的短期发病风险,以急迫性尿失禁为主,长期尿失禁患病率随随访年限延长逐渐升高,产次为其发病的独立危险因素。     

TVT手术在女性压力性尿失禁中的应用

目的 :探讨TVT手术作为治疗女性压力性尿失禁新手术方法的有效性。方法 :回顾性分析自 2 0 0 1年 5月以来 ,我院应用TVT手术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的临床疗效及并发症。结果 :17例尿失禁患者 (其中 13例压力性尿失禁 ,4例混合性尿失禁 )接受TVT手术 ,15例 ( 88 2 % )术后排尿功能恢复良好 ,2例 ( 11 8% )发生排尿困难 ,均经持续导尿、膀胱训练及药物治疗后恢复正常排尿功能。VTV手术的成功率为 10 0 %。结论 :TVT手术具有简单、微创、恢复快等特点 ,是治疗女性压力性尿失禁的安全有效方法     

Does the onset or bother of mixed urinary incontinence symptoms help in the urodynamic diagnosis?

Objective

To determine whether evaluation of the first occurring symptom and bother of mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) might help in the clinical assessment of incontinent women.

Study design

Prospective observational study carried out in a tertiary referral urogynaecology unit in London. Women who underwent urodynamic investigations for MUI were asked whether stress or urgency incontinence was the first occurring symptom and which was the most bothersome one. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for the first occurring symptom and most bothersome component of their mixed urinary incontinence symptoms in relation to the urodynamic diagnosis were calculated.

Results

One hundred and eighty women with MUI were studied. Initial or most bothersome urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) had a good specificity and PPV for diagnosing detrusor overactivity (DO). When UUI was the initial and most bothersome symptom the specificity and NPV increased up to 93% and 73%. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) as first occurring or most bothersome had a moderate specificity, PPV and NPV for diagnosing urodynamic stress incontinence (USI). When SUI was the initial and most bothersome symptom the specificity, PPV and NPV increased up to 91%, 70% and 78%. Initial or most bothersome UUI with antecedent or most bothersome SUI had a high specificity and good NPV for a mixed urodynamic diagnosis of DO and USI.

Conclusions

Determination of the first occurring and most bothersome symptom in women with MUI relates closely to the urodynamic diagnosis. Therefore, our symptom-guided approach may in some cases provide useful information directing the clinician towards a more appropriate therapy when urodynamics are inconclusive or cannot be performed.     

Tension-free vaginal tape procedure is an ideal treatment for obese patients

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of obesity on the success of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure for stress urinary incontinence. Specifically, do patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 35 kg/m(2) or greater have a lower cure rate of stress urinary incontinence?STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective cohort study identified 35 patient pairs who had undergone TVT in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, for stress urinary incontinence from November 1999 to July 2001. Obese patients (defined as BMI greater than or equal to 35 kg/m(2)) were paired with nonobese patients (defined as BMI less than or equal to 30 kg/m(2)). The subjects were matched for age (within 5 years) and prior continence surgeries. Patients with a maximum urethral closure pressure of less than or equal to 20 cm H(2)O were excluded. Follow-up was either by objective cough stress test or subjective cure assessed by telephone interview. Cure was defined as no postoperative stress incontinence. Statistical analysis was performed by conditional logistic regression for matched controls. RESULTS: The follow-up range was 6 to 24 months. There were seven failures in all, four in obese and three in nonobese patients, giving cure rates of 88.6% and 91.4%, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant (P>.05). There were five bladder perforations (identified at the time of the procedure), all occurring in nonobese patients (P< .05). CONCLUSION: These data do not demonstrate a difference in cure of TVT in obese versus nonobese patients. Given the finding of fewer complications, this procedure may be an ideal surgical treatment modality for stress urinary incontinence in obese women.     

Efficacy and complications in the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence by insertion of a silicone-coated polyester tape (Lift)

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a surgical treatment for stress urinary incontinence by implantation of a silicone-coated polyester tape (Lift). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 72 female patients having had a suburethral silicone-coated polyester tape inserted as treatment for stress urinary incontinence, combined or not with pelvic surgery. We recorded the patient's characteristics, the surgical procedure, the short and long-term results and complications. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients were operated, 60 of whom were fully evaluated. The average follow-up was 17 months. On 48 patients (80%) the treatment was successful, 3 (5%) were improved, and 9 (15%) were regarded as a failure. Dysuria occurred in six (10%) patients, five were de novo, and one was persistent. Ten patients (16.6%) presented de novo urge incontinence. The main complication was a higher rate of severe infections, accompanied by defective healing (4, i.e. 6.7%). CONCLUSION: The procedure using a silicone-coated polyester tape seems to be efficient, but insufficiently secure. This higher rejection rate leads us to prefer other synthetic materials proved to be better tolerated.     

Resolution of urge urinary incontinence with midurethral sling surgery in patients with mixed incontinence and low-pressure urethra

The aim of the study was to determine the rate of persistence of urgency or urge urinary incontinence following midurethral sling surgery compared to standard medication treatment in patients with mixed incontinence and ISD urethra. A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary referral Urogynecology Center. One hundred five women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urgency were identified. Fifty-four consecutive women with SUI and urgency who underwent midurethral sling were compared to 51 women with SUI and urgency but treated with medications first. Women with persistent urgency or urge urinary incontinence (UUI) at 6-month follow-up following a TVT sling procedure were compared with those whose symptoms had resolved, to determine the risk factors for persistent symptoms. Forty out of 54 patients in the operation group also underwent a prolapse repair, either a colpopexy or a colpocleisis. All patients had demonstrated a mean urethral closure pressure of 20?mmHg or lower, indicating an intrinsic sphincteric deficiency. Persistent urgency (6 of 54, 11%) and UUI (3 of 54, 5.5%) were found in patients with mixed incontinence who underwent a sling operation. All 51 patients (100%) persisted with some urgency and urge incontinence despite anticholinergic medication treatment, only (7 of 51, 13.7%) reporting improvement of symptoms. Concomitant prolapse surgery, especially apical correction (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37–0.65), decreased the risk of urgency persistence, while age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.05), detrusor overactivity (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.28–2.53), baseline symptom severity (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.48–2.36), and previous incontinence surgery (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.38–3.60) increased the risk of persistent urgency in the operated cohort. Women were happier in the operated cohort (45 of 54, 83.3% cure rate). A sling itself decreased the risk of persistent urge or UUI (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.15–0.70). The most significant improvement was UUI at night. Urodynamic parameters, baseline urgency symptom severity, age, and concomitant prolapse operation are important predictors of persistent urgency or UUI following midurethral sling for mixed incontinence patients.     

河北省部分地区女性尿失禁流行病学调查

目的:研究河北省部分地区女性不同类型尿失禁(UI)的患病现状及影响因素,为临床防治工作提供依据。方法:用分层整群抽样法,抽取河北省石家庄、保定、邢台3个地区的城市和农村,年龄在20周岁以上不同职业的女性2500人,通过面对面问卷方式进行调查。数据录入和分析使用SPSS13.0统计软件完成。结果:合格问卷2448份,城市1485份,农村963份。河北省3个地区女性尿失禁患病率35.2%(862/2448)。其中,压力性尿失禁(SUI)、急迫性尿失禁(UUI)、混合性尿失禁(MUI)患病率分别是26.4%(647/2448)、1.9%(47/2448)和6.9%(168/2448),构成比分别是75.1%、5.4%和19.5%。年龄、便秘、盆腔器官脱垂、流产次数、剖宫产是SUI和MUI的共同影响因素;此外,SUI与体重指数、痛经、妇科炎症、胎儿体重、难产密切相关,MUI与居住地(城乡)、盆腔手术史、泌尿系感染、呼吸系统疾病、心脏疾病、饮酒密切相关。UUI的影响因素只有初潮年龄和难产。结论:尿失禁是调查地区女性的高发病,SUI是主要的患病类型。该病发生与多种因素有关,3种类型尿失禁的影响因素既有共同点,又存在差异,MUI并非SUI和UUI影响因素的简单相加。     

北京郊区女性尿失禁及盆腔脏器脱垂发病情况及其对生活质量影响的抽样调查

目的 调查北京郊区女性尿失禁及盆腔器官脱垂发病情况及其对生活质量的影响。方法 按照整群抽样的方法，选取生活在北京市房山区某自然村18岁以上的常住已婚女性，进行问卷调查，并行妇科检查和B超检查。结果 全村符合调查的女性202人，回收问卷190份，应答率94．1％。调查结果显示，尿失禁的患病率为67例（35．3％）。子宫脱垂49例（25．8％），阴道前壁膨出79例（41．6％），阴道后壁膨出61例（32．1％）。尿失禁对女性日常生活、情绪和性生活的影响率分别为29．9％、23．9％、29．9％，尿失禁以轻度尿失禁为主（占82．1％），尿失禁合并子宫脱垂占31．3％，合并阴道前壁膨出59．7％，合并阴道后壁膨出44．8％。结论 整群抽样调查显示，北京郊区女性尿失禁及盆腔脏器脱垂均较常见，尿失禁患者多合并盆腔脏器脱垂，尤其是阴道前壁膨出，并对生活质量有较大影响。     

Transobturatoric tape procedure for female stress urinary incontinence

To assess the efficacy and safety of the transobturatoric tape (TOT) procedure as a treatment for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). All patients (n = 191) who underwent TOT between May 2003 and December 2004 were studied retrospectively. The study protocol involved recording of preoperative and perioperative details and postoperative subjective evaluation. The subjective outcome was assessed with two questionnaires at a mean of 20 and 34 months after the operation. The mean operation time of the patients without concomitant procedure was 19 min. The complication rate was low and postoperative recovery quick. The follow-up visit was scheduled 2–3 months after the procedure. The objective outcome assessment was done at the hospital for 50% of the patients, and the other half of the patients were followed up by their own gynecologist. During the follow-up visit (n = 151), 79% of the women were cured: 90% of the patients with genuine SUI and 60% of those with mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). The data of 40 patients was either not available from patients’ private gynecologists or the patients had not undergone a follow-up visit at all. For the first subjective outcome assessment, participating patients (n = 188) received a questionnaire. Three patients had died from unrelated causes during this follow-up. The response rate was 82.4%. Overall, 83.9% of the respondents reported significant improvement, of which 90.5% of the patients had genuine SUI and 70.0% of the patients had MUI, respectively. During the second outcome assessment, the response rate was 85.1% (160/188). At a mean of 34 months postoperatively, 87.5% of the patients reported significant improvement: 94.5% of the patients with genuine SUI and 72.0% of those with MUI. The incontinence operation through the transobturatoric route is a safe and effective treatment, especially for patients with pure SUI. The rate of continence was sustained during a follow-up of 34 months.     

女性尿失禁的诊断与鉴别诊断

尿失禁是指尿液不自主从尿道口流出,国外较早期的文献显示女性尿失禁发生率为4.5%~53.0%,国内调查的结果显示中国成年女性压力性尿失禁总患病率高达18.9%。尿失禁的诊断及评估包括定性诊断、分型诊断、程度诊断及合并疾病等4个方面。文章基于于欧洲泌尿协会(european association of urology,EAU)尿失禁指南及证据等级,以一系列证据概述的形式,将尿失禁诊断过程中的已知证据分等级推荐给临床医师。同时,将从尿路功能和尿路结构的异常两个方面鉴别尿失禁。总之,在临床工作中,多数时间可以从患者的症状叙述中给出尿失禁的正确诊断,但仍需要注意针对可疑患者的鉴别诊断。     

经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁22例临床分析

目的 评价经闲孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术（TVT-O）治疗女性压力性尿失禁（SUI）的疗效。方法 回顾性总结2004-07—2005-12采用TVT-O术式治疗女性SUl的临床资料22例。结果 22例病人均治愈，平均手术时间14min，术中无并发症，无膀胱损伤。术后短期尿潴留3例（13．6％）。术后平均随访9个月（1～15个月），至今无并发症发生。结论 TVT-O术式操作简便快捷、创伤小、并发症少、不易损伤膀胱，是治疗女性SUI的安全有效方法。