枣庄市薛城区中小学生视力低下监测结果分析

为了解枣庄市薛城区中小学生视力低下及变化规律 ,为今后做好学生视力低下防治工作提供参考依据 ,现将该区中小学生 1980～ 2 0 0 0年视力监测结果分析报告如下。1　材料和方法　　对薛城区卫生防疫站 1980、1990、2 0 0 0年中小学生健康检查资料进行统计分析。学生健康检查由区卫生局、区教育局组织体检队按中国学生体质调研标准实施。2　结果2 .1　不同年度视力低下率比较　由表 1可见 ,视力低下率从1980年的 6 .2 7%上升至 2 0 0 0年的 4 0 .90 % ,2 0年间上升了5 5 2 %。各年度视力低下率差异有极显著意义 (χ2 =94 0 .6 9,P <0 .0 1) …     

山亭区中小学生视力及－1.5D以上配镜情况的调查

为了解中小学生视力及近视学生的戴镜情况1999年进行了调查。调查采用整群抽样法 ,选择山亭城区及桑村部分中小学校中 7～ 18岁学生为调查对象。采用“Ｅ”字形单个视标显示的对数灯光视力表进行检查 ,视力低于 5 0者为视力低下。同时检查屈光度 ,对屈光度在 - 1 5Ｄ以上学生的戴镜情况进行询问。本次共调查城乡中小学生 630 8人 ,视力低下者1958人 ,视力低下率 31 0 4 % ,其中城区为 36 67% ,农村为 2 5 94 % ,视力低下率城区高于农村 ( χ2 =84 55,Ｐ <0 0 1)。城区小学、初中、高中的视力低下率分别为 14 4 4 % ( 2 2 2 / 1537)、4 9 7…     

中小学生视力监测资料分析

为掌握中小学生视力低下的发展规律 ,提高视力保护率 ,对乳山寨镇中小学生在校学生的视力监测资料进行分析。1　对象与方法　以乳山寨镇二所中学、七所小学的在校学生为对象 ,按照学生体质调研标准 ,采用标准对数视力表 ,裸眼视力低于 5 .0者为视力低下。2　结果2 .1　总视力低下率　 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年共检查学生 9188人 ,视力低下 3716人 ,视力低下率 4 0 .4 4 % ,其中 2 0 0 0年视力低下率为 37.2 3% (174 3/ 4 6 82 ) ,2 0 0 1年视力低下率为4 3.79% (1973/ 4 5 0 6 ) ,两年间差异有显著性意义 (χ2 =4 1.0 1,P<0 .0 1)。2.2　中、小…     

深圳市福田区1993～2000年中小学生视力状况动态分析

目的 :探讨和掌握我区中小学生视力低下的发展规律和动向。方法 :对深圳市福田区 1993～ 2 0 0 0年八年间中小学生视力状况进行分析。结果 :该区中小学生 1993～ 2 0 0 0年八年间视力低下率平均为 35 .37% ,呈波动性下降 ;各年度学生视力低下率均随学习阶段的升高而上升 ,尤以高三年级组学生视力低下率为最高 ,平均达 76 .12 % ;视力低下率女生显著高于男生 (χ2 =1176 .39,P<0 .0 0 5 ) ;不同学习阶段视力低下程度差异有显著性 (χ2 =15 40 5 .97,P<0 .0 0 5 )。结论 :该区中小学生视力保持工作不容忽视     

连江第一中学学生视力调查分析

为掌握学生视力情况 ,笔者对学校1999年学生近视状况分析于下。1　资料来源及方法资料来自我校 1999年学生体检数据。采用统一的“标准对数视力表灯箱”检测。凡有一眼视力低于 5 .0者即为视力低下 ,以视力 =4.9、4.6～ 4.8与 4.0～ 4.5者判为轻、中、重度。2　结果2 .1　视力低下情况及性别的关系　总低下率为 72 .0 % (130 4/ 1810 )。其中男生视力低下率 6 8.1% (75 4/ 110 8) ,女生78.3% (5 5 0 / 70 2 ) ,女生视力低下率高于男生 (χ2 =2 2 .6 2 3,P<0 .0 0 1)。2 .2　视力低下与学习阶段的关系　学生视力低下率随着年级的升高呈逐渐…     

莆田市城厢区中小学生视力调查结果分析

目的了解中小学生近视发病率,制定相应防治措施,保护学生视力健康。方法按照《学生常见病监测技术规范》,由专业医师采用对数视力表标准灯箱进行检查,凡裸眼视力≥5.0者为正常视力,5.0者为视力低下,有1只眼视力低下记为1个视力低下人数。结果城厢区小学生视力低下率为25.0%,其中男生为24.8%,女生为25.2%;初中生视力低下率为39.6%,其中男生35.2%,女生44.3%;高中生视力低下率为74.9%,其中男生71.0%,女生79.1%。不同学习阶段学生视力低下率差异有统计学意义(P0.01);城区学生视力低下率比农村高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论城厢区中小学生视力低下率较高,应引起学校和家长重视。     

2002～2006年龙岩市部分中小学生视力低下监测分析

[目的]了解和掌握龙岩市中小学生视力现状和发展规律。[方法]对2002~2006年龙岩市4所监测点校的中小学生视力监测的资料进行分析。[结果]2002~2006年共检测龙岩市中小学生22726人,平均视力随学级增加而逐年下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2002~2006年学生视力低下率为26.85%上升到46.43%。5年间视力低下率增加了19.58%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。城乡学生视力低下率逐年增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。城市中小学生视力低下率由30.86%上升到49.61%,增长幅度为60.76%,年平均增长率为10.00%;郊区学生视力低下率由19.80%上升到41.82%,增长幅度为111.21%,年平均增长率16.13%,不同时期郊区学生视力低下率均低于城市学生,但乡村学生视力低下率的年平均速度大于城市学生,视力低下主要性质是近视,小学生视力低下的患病率已明显下降,初中生视力低下的患病率已趋于稳定,高中生视力低下患病率的增长速度逐渐减慢。视力低下患者中,中、重度视力低下学生的比例明显下降,轻度视力低下的学生比例上升。[结论]素质教育的实施对提高龙岩市中小学生的视力已见成效,但中学生的防近工作仍然任重道远。     

光泽城乡中小学生视力低下情况分析

光泽地处闽北山区 ,是典型的边远、农林小县。为了掌握光泽县城、乡中小学生视力低下情况 ,为开展预防近视工作提供科学依据。我们于 1999年 9月至 2 0 0 0年 7月 ,对城、乡 10 75 5名中小学生进行了视力监测调查 .现将调查结果报告如下 :1　对象与方法对城乡中学 9所、小学 9所的 10 75 5男女学生进行视力调查。按照《全国学生体质健康状况调查研究工作手册》的方法 ,采用标准对数视力灯箱 (视力表为 GB115 33- 89) ,对学生进行视力测试 ,并用 5分记录表示 ,凡裸视力低于 5 .0者 ,均按视力低下统计。2　结果2 .1　视力低下与学级的关系　…     

小学生单眼近视状况分析

在每学期的学生体验时 ,我们均可发现许多学生存在单眼近视的现象。为了掌握学生近视情况 ,了解学生近视的好发因素 ,从而采取有效措施 ,降低学生近视的发病率 ,学校每学期均对学生的近视状况进行统计分析。统计结果显示 ,学生的近视率近 5年来一直处在一个较高的水平 ,且单眼近视占有相当的比例。1　方法采用国内规定的标准对数视力表 ,分别检查双眼裸眼视力 ,凡单眼视力低于 5 .0者定为视力低下。2　结果表 1　 1996～ 2 0 0 0年学生视力低下患病率 (% )年　　　份近视率单眼近视率1 996 2 2 .0 7.81 997 2 1 .2 7.11 9981 9.0 6 .91 999 …     

哈尔滨市中小学生近视及相关因素调查

目的了解和掌握哈尔滨市中小学生近视发生情况和相关影响因素,为制定学生近视干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,抽取哈尔滨市2个区(县) 12所学校的3 400名学生进行问卷调查。应用EpiD ata 3. 1软件建立数据库,运用SPSS 22. 0软件进行统计分析。采用χ2检验进行单因素分析,多因素分析采用非条件Logistic回归模型。结果哈尔滨市中小学生近视率为69. 64%,高中生近视率(78. 85%)高于初中生(78. 40%)和小学生(51. 89%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=254. 742,P <0. 01);城区学生近视率(75. 77%)高于郊县学生(62. 77%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=67. 273,P <0. 01);女生近视率(74. 73%)高于男生(65. 27%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=35. 535,P <0. 01)。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别女,学段高中,父母均近视,课桌椅高度不会根据身高进行调整,在过去一周里平均每天放学后作业/读书写字不控制在小学60分钟以内、初中90分钟以内,老师不提醒注意读写姿势,天黑后看电子屏幕时关灯,天黑时在家读写时不正确使用台灯/屋顶灯和平均每天睡眠时间不充足均为中小学生近视的危险因素(P <0. 05)。结论中小学生的近视率较高,学校内仍存在一定的近视影响因素,应树立近视可以预防的意识,依据近视发生的影响因素,研究制定有针对性的干预措施,从而促进学生的身心健康。     

Shigella Infections in Household Contacts of Pediatric Shigellosis Patients in Rural Bangladesh

To examine rates of Shigella infections in household contacts of pediatric shigellosis patients, we followed contacts and controls prospectively for 1 week after the index patient obtained care. Household contacts of patients were 44 times more likely to develop a Shigella infection than were control contacts (odds ratio 44.7, 95% CI 5.5–361.6); 29 (94%) household contacts of shigellosis patients were infected with the same species and serotype as the index patient’s. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that 14 (88%) of 16 with infected contacts had strains that were indistinguishable from or closely related to the index patient’s strain. Latrine area fly counts were higher in patient households compared with control households, and 2 patient household water samples were positive for Shigella. We show high susceptibility of household contacts of shigellosis patients to Shigella infections and found environmental risk factors to be targeted in future interventions.     

补体系统在复发性流产中的研究进展

复发性流产是世界性医学难题,其中免疫因素所致的原因不明复发性流产是当前研究者关注的焦点。补体系统作为固有免疫的重要组成部分,在妊娠过程中发挥着复杂而精细的调控作用。一定程度的补体成分激活对于妊娠过程中胎儿及妊娠附属物的正常发育是必需的,然而在母胎界面上补体系统的过度激活可通过影响胎盘发育、介导炎症损伤,调节特有免疫系统等途径导致胚胎丢失。因此,补体系统失调或过度活化是复发性流产的风险因素。本文对补体系统对正常妊娠的支持及病理激活状态下导致复发性流产的病理机制研究进展进行综述,以期为今后提供可行的免疫治疗方向。     

Congenital Transmission of Chagas Disease in Latin American Immigrants in Switzerland

International migration has changed the epidemiologic patterns of Chagas disease. Recently, 2 cases of Chagas disease transmitted from Latin American women to their newborns were diagnosed in Geneva, Switzerland. A retrospective study to detect Chagas disease showed a prevalence of 9.7% among 72 Latin American women tested during pregnancy in Switzerland.     

Rapid Detection of ESBL-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Blood Cultures

We rapidly identified extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers prospectively among 245 gram-negative bacilli–positive cultured blood specimens using the Rapid ESBL Nordmann/Dortet/Poirel test and direct bacterial identification using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This combination identified ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae within 30 min and had high predictive values.     

脱氢表雄酮对卵巢低反应患者卵巢反应性和体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

目的：评估脱氢表雄酮（DHEA）对卵巢低反应（POR）患者卵巢反应性及体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）治疗结局的影响。方法：选取78例2015年1月-2017年6月于天津市第一中心医院就诊接受IVF/胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI）-ET治疗的POR患者进行前瞻性对照研究,其中治疗组（n=41）患者在超促排卵前接受DHEA辅助治疗,对照组（n=37）未行DHEA辅助治疗。比较2组患者一般情况、卵巢储备功能和妊娠结局等相关指标。结果：2组患者年龄、不孕年限、体质量指数（BMI）和基础卵泡刺激素（FSH）、基础黄体生成激素（LH）等卵巢储备功能指标差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。治疗组卵泡数、获卵数和临床妊娠率高于对照组,促性腺激素（Gn）总剂量低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;获卵率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、胚胎种植率高于对照组,周期取消率低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗组年龄＜37岁的患者获卵数、获卵率和胚胎种植率高于年龄≥37岁的患者（均P＜0.05）。结论：DHEA辅助治疗可以提高POR患者的卵巢反应性,减少Gn用量,改善IVF治疗结局,年轻患者使用后效果更佳。     

Outbreaks of Kingella kingae Infections in Daycare Facilities

During the past decade, transmission of the bacterium Kingella kingae has caused clusters of serious infections, including osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, bacteremia, endocarditis, and meningitis, among children in daycare centers in the United States, France, and Israel. These events have been characterized by high attack rates of disease and prevalence of the invasive strain among asymptomatic classmates of the respective index patients, suggesting that the causative organisms benefitted from enhanced colonization fitness, high transmissibility, and high virulence. After prophylactic antibacterial drugs were administered to close contacts of infected children, no further cases of disease were detected in the facilities, although test results showed that some children still carried the bacterium. Increased awareness of this public health problem and use of improved culture methods and sensitive nucleic acid amplification assays for detecting infected children and respiratory carriers are needed to identify and adequately investigate outbreaks of K. kingae disease.     

Migratory passerine birds as reservoirs of Lyme borreliosis in Europe

To define the role of birds as reservoirs and disseminators of Borrelia spirochetes, we characterized tick infestation and reservoir competence of migratory passerine birds in Sweden. A total of 1,120 immature Ixodes ricinus ticks were removed from 13,260 birds and assayed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Borrelia, followed by DNA sequencing for species and genotype identification. Distributions of ticks on birds were aggregated, presumably because of varying encounters with ticks along migratory routes. Lyme borreliosis spirochetes were detected in 160 (1.4%) ticks. Borrelia garinii was the most common species in PCR-positive samples and included genotypes associated with human infections. Infestation prevalence with infected ticks was 5 times greater among ground-foraging birds than other bird species, but the 2 groups were equally competent in transmitting Borrelia. Migratory passerine birds host epidemiologically important vector ticks and Borrelia species and vary in effectiveness as reservoirs on the basis of their feeding behavior.     

483例冻融胚胎移植周期妊娠结局影响因素回顾性分析

目的：探讨冻融胚胎移植（FET）周期妊娠结局的影响因素。方法：收集2016年1月-12月于中国人民解放军武汉总医院生殖医学中心行FET患者的临床资料,根据妊娠成功与否将纳入的483个周期分为妊娠组（253个周期）和非妊娠组（230个周期）。对2组一般情况进行比较,并通过Logistic回归分析探讨FET周期妊娠结局的影响因素。结果：妊娠组年龄小于非妊娠组,妊娠组移植优胚数高于非妊娠组（均P＜0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄（OR=0.715,95%CI：0.550～0.930,P=0.012）、移植优胚数（OR=1.780,95%CI：1.323～2.395,P=0.000）和胚胎类型（OR=1.737,95%CI：1.076～2.805,P=0.024）是FET周期妊娠结局的影响因素。结论：年龄越小、移植囊胚期胚胎、增加移植优胚数有利于提高FET周期种植成功率和临床妊娠率。     

A Comparison of Short-term and Long-term Air Pollution Exposure Associations with Mortality in Two Cohorts in Scotland

Background: Air pollution-mortality risk estimates are generally larger at longer-term, compared with short-term, exposure time scales.Objective: We compared associations between short-term exposure to black smoke (BS) and mortality with long-term exposure-mortality associations in cohort participants and with short-term exposure-mortality associations in the general population from which the cohorts were selected.Methods: We assessed short-to-medium-term exposure-mortality associations in the Renfrew-Paisley and Collaborative cohorts (using nested case-control data sets), and compared them with long-term exposure-mortality associations (using a multilevel spatiotemporal exposure model and survival analyses) and short-to-medium-term exposure-mortality associations in the general population (using time-series analyses).Results: For the Renfrew-Paisley cohort (15,331 participants), BS exposure-mortality associations were observed in nested case-control analyses that accounted for spatial variations in pollution exposure and individual-level risk factors. These cohort-based associations were consistently greater than associations estimated in time-series analyses using a single monitoring site to represent general population exposure {e.g., 1.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1, 3.4%] vs. 0.2% (95% CI: 0.0, 0.4%) increases in mortality associated with 10-μg/m3 increases in 3-day lag BS, respectively}. Exposure-mortality associations were of larger magnitude for longer exposure periods [e.g., 3.4% (95% CI: -0.7, 7.7%) and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.3, 1.5%) increases in all-cause mortality associated with 10-μg/m3 increases in 31-day BS in case-control and time-series analyses, respectively; and 10% (95% CI: 4, 17%) increase in all-cause mortality associated with a 10-μg/m3 increase in geometic mean BS for 1970-1979, in survival analysis].Conclusions: After adjusting for individual-level exposure and potential confounders, short-term exposure-mortality associations in cohort participants were of greater magnitude than in comparable general population time-series study analyses. However, short-term exposure-mortality associations were substantially lower than equivalent long-term associations, which is consistent with the possibility of larger, more persistent cumulative effects from long-term exposures.