厄贝沙坦联合螺内酯对舒张功能不全高血压患者左心室肥厚和重构的影响

目的探讨厄贝沙坦联合螺内酯对舒张功能不全高血压患者左心室肥厚和重构的影响。方法选取2014年3月—2016年2月菏泽市鄄城县人民医院收治的舒张功能不全高血压患者106例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组53例。对照组患者给予常规治疗,观察组患者在常规治疗基础上给予厄贝沙坦联合螺内酯治疗;两组患者均连续治疗6周。比较两组患者治疗前后血压[包括收缩压(SBP)及舒张压(DBP)]、左心室功能和结构指标[包括左心室室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左心室舒张早期血流峰速/左心室舒张期晚期血流峰速(E/A比值)及左心室质量指数(LVMI)]。结果两组患者治疗前后SBP及DBP比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者治疗后SBP及DBP均低于治疗前(P0.05)。治疗前两组患者IVST、LVPWT、E/A比值及LVMI比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者LVMI低于对照组(P0.05),而治疗后两组患者IVST、LVPWT及E/A比值比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后观察组患者IVST、LVPWT、LVMI低于治疗前,而E/A高于治疗前(P0.05);治疗后对照组患者LVPWT、LVMI低于治疗前,E/A高于治疗前(P0.05),而IVST与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论厄贝沙坦联合螺内酯可有效延缓舒张功能不全高血压患者左心室肥厚和重构,有利于缓解舒张功能障碍。     

螺内酯对老年舒张性心力衰竭患者血清Ⅰ型前胶原羧基端肽水平的影响

目的观察老年舒张性心力衰竭患者使用螺内酯治疗前后血清Ⅰ型前胶原羧基端肽(PICP)水平的变化,探讨螺内酯减轻心肌纤维化、改善心脏舒张功能的可能机制。方法选择舒张性心力衰竭患者37例,随机分为常规治疗组及螺内酯(20 mg/d)治疗组,随访6个月,测定治疗前后血清PICP水平,并通过超声心动图观察治疗前后左心房、左心室大小、左心室壁厚度、左心室射血分数及舒张早期和晚期充盈速度(E、A)及其比值(E/A)。结果两组治疗后血清PICP水平与治疗前相比均明显下降(P<0.05),且螺内酯组低于常规治疗组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后E/A比值与治疗前相比均增高(P<0.05),且螺内酯组高于常规治疗组(P<0.05)。结论螺内酯通过降低Ⅰ型胶原的合成可能可以减轻心肌纤维化,改善心脏舒张功能。     

螺内酯在老年高血压并发舒张性心力衰竭的应用研究

目的 探讨螺内酯在老年高血压并发舒张性心力衰竭中的疗效.方法 选择2009年6月-2011年10月我院心内科住院的高血压合并舒张性心力衰竭患者64例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各32例.对照组给予β-受体阻滞剂、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂、钙拮抗剂、硝酸酯类及他汀类等治疗;观察组在常规治疗基础上加用螺内酯,疗程共6个月.比较两组治疗前后6min步行试验、左房室瓣舒张早期血流最大速度E峰、舒张晚期最大速度A峰以及舒张早期和晚期充盈速度比值(E/A)变化.结果 观察组治疗后E峰、A峰、E/A以及6min步行试验均显著改善(P＜0.05),与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 螺内酯可改善老年高血压并发舒张性心力衰竭患者心脏舒张功能,并逆转心室重塑.     

地尔硫联合螺内酯治疗早期舒张性心力衰竭的临床疗效观察

目的观察地尔硫联合螺内酯治疗早期舒张性心力衰竭(DHF)的临床疗效。方法选取2012年1月—2014年1月赣州市人民医院收治的早期DHF患者60例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各30例。对照组给予螺内酯治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用地尔硫治疗,两组患者观察周期均为6周。比较两组患者治疗前后左心室舒张功能相关指标、血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平及临床疗效。结果治疗前两组患者E/A、A/Cm、E/Cm及血浆BNP水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者E/A和E/Cm高于对照组,A/Cm和血浆BNP水平低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者总有效率为90.0%,高于对照组的76.7%(P0.05)。结论地尔硫联合螺内酯治疗早期DHF效果显著,可明显改善患者左心室舒张功能、降低血浆BNP水平。     

螺内酯对无症状左室收缩功能障碍患者心室重构的影响

目的:探讨螺内酯对无症状左室收缩功能障碍患者心室重构的影响.方法:入选我院2007-12-2009-06门诊及住院无症状左室收缩功能障碍[左室射血分数(LVEF)＜40%,左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)＞75 ml/m2,纽约心脏病协会心功能分级Ⅰ级]患者63例,在常规治疗的基础上随机分为螺内酯干预组32例(螺内酯40 mg/d),对照组31例,所有患者在入选前及药物应用6个月后行超声心动图检查评估LVEDVI、左室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)、左室质量指数(LVMI)和LVEF的变化.结果:治疗6个月后,2组LVEDVI、LVESVI、 LVMI和 LVEF均较治疗前有明显改善,且差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),螺内酯组改善更为显著(均P<0.05).结论:在常规治疗的基础上加用螺内酯治疗可进一步改善无症状左室收缩功能障碍患者的心室重构.     

脑梗死并高血压病患者颈动脉硬化与左心室功能的相关性

目的　探讨脑梗死并高血压病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与左心室收缩及舒张功能的相关性。方法　收集单纯高血压病患者100例（高血压组）、单纯脑梗死患者100例（脑梗死组）、脑梗死合并高血压病患者100例（合并组）的颈动脉粥样硬化和左心室收缩及舒张功能的相关超声学指标资料,其中收缩功能指标为射血分数,舒张功能指标为二尖瓣血流图上早期充盈的E峰和晚期充盈的A峰血流速度的比值（简称E/A比值）,采用Logistic回归分析探讨它们的相关性。结果　3组患者颈动脉粥样硬化与左心室收缩功能均无相关性（P>0.05）,与左心室舒张功能有相关性（（P<0.05）,且合并组斑块形成与左心室舒张功能相关性更显著（（P<0.01）。结论　3组患者颈动脉粥样硬化与左心室舒张功能相关,合并组的相关性更明显;左心室舒张功能受损越严重,动脉粥样硬化程度越明显。     

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与高血压患者左心室舒张功能不全的关系研究

目的探究中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与高血压患者左心室舒张功能不全的关系。方法选取2013年1月—2015年10月在中山市小榄人民医院心血管内科住院的高血压患者46例,根据是否合并左心室舒张功能不全分为对照组(未合并左心室舒张功能不全,n=30)和观察组(合并左心室舒张功能不全,n=16)。比较两组患者实验室检查指标〔包括低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)及C反应蛋白(CRP)〕及超声心动图检查结果〔包括左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESd)、室间隔厚度(IVS)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPW)、舒张早期E峰峰速/舒张晚期A峰峰速(E/A)比值、E峰减速时间(EDT)、左房室瓣舒张早期血流峰速度/左房室瓣环舒张早期运动峰速度(E/Ea)〕,比较不同左心室舒张功能不全分级患者NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea及EDT,并分析NLR与E/A比值、E/Ea及EDT的相关性。结果观察组患者HDL-C和TG水平低于对照组(P0.05);两组患者LDL-C、FIB、CRP水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者LVEF、LVEDd及LVESd比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者IVS、LVPW、E/Ea及NLR大于对照组,EDT短于对照组,E/A比值小于对照组(P0.05)。根据左心室舒张功能不全分级标准将观察组患者分为Ⅰ级9例,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级3例。Ⅲ级患者NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea大于Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级患者,EDT短于Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级患者(P0.05);Ⅱ级患者NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea大于Ⅰ级患者,EDT短于Ⅰ级患者(P0.05)。Pearson直线相关性分析结果显示,NLR与E/A比值(r=0.395,P0.05)、E/Ea(r=0.419,P0.05)呈正相关,与EDT呈负相关(r=-0.17,P0.05)。结论 NLR与高血压患者左心室舒张功能不全严重程度有关,可作为高血压患者左心室舒张功能不全的预测指标。     

类风湿关节炎患者合并左心室舒张功能不全的临床研究

目的:评估我国类风湿关节炎患者中合并左心室舒张性心功能不全的发病情况.方法:随机选取76例类风湿关节炎患者(组)及65例正常对照组,采用多普勒超声检测左心室舒张功能,分析两组指标之间的差异,病程与左心室舒张功能之间的关系.结果:左心室舒张功能指标比较:类风湿关节炎组与正常对照组比较,二尖瓣口血流频谱舒张晚期峰速、二尖瓣口血流频谱舒张早期峰速/二尖瓣环运动频谱舒张早期峰速、E波减速时间3项指标升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而二尖瓣口血流频谱舒张早期和舒张晚期峰值比、二尖瓣环运动频谱舒张早期和舒张晚期峰速比、二尖瓣环运动频谱舒张早期峰速类风湿关节炎组与正常对照组比较下降,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).相关性分析发现类风湿关节炎组患者的二尖瓣环运动频谱舒张早期峰速和病程呈负相关(r=-0.5936,P＜0.01).结论:类风湿关节炎患者中有较高的左心室的舒张功能不全发生率;病程与左心室舒张功能(二尖瓣环运动频谱舒张早期峰速)之间存在负相关.     

慢性心力衰竭患者心肌细胞外基质含量的变化及螺内酯干预

目的:探讨慢性心力衰竭(心衰)患者心肌细胞外基质的变化及螺内酯的治疗作用.方法:将 61例慢性心衰患者随机分为对照组30例和螺内酯组31例,两组患者给予相同的常规基础治疗,螺内酯组加用螺内酯20 mg/d.两组在治疗开始前及治疗后 3个月和 6个月应用放射免疫分析方法测定血清心肌细胞外基质Ⅲ型前胶原、Ⅳ型前胶原及透明质酸含量,同时做超声心动图测定左心室收缩和舒张功能参数,并按Lipkin法行 6分钟步行实验,按NYHA心功能分级评定.结果:①所有患者上述心肌细胞外基质含量均明显增高,且与左心室射血分数呈负相关(P均＜0.01),治疗6个月后以螺内酯组下降更明显(P＜0.01);②治疗 6个月后,螺内酯组左心室射血分数,二尖瓣舒张早期流速(VE)与二尖瓣舒张晚期流速(VA)之比VE/VA及6分钟步行距离均比对照组显著提高(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).结论:心肌细胞外基质的变化与心衰病程进展明显相关,慢性心衰患者在接受常规治疗的同时长期应用小剂量醛固酮拮抗剂-螺内酯能更完全抑制肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统,抑制心肌细胞外基质重塑,减轻心肌纤维化,改善心功能,提高生活质量.     

替米沙坦联合螺内酯对慢性心力衰竭患者血浆脑钠肽及左心室功能的影响

目的探讨替米沙坦联合螺内酯对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血浆脑钠肽(BNP)及左心室功能的影响。方法心力衰竭患者82例,随机分为2组,常规治疗组(对照组)40例,联合治疗组(治疗组)42例,对照组接受常规抗心力衰竭治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上给予替米沙坦及螺内酯联合治疗。3月后,观察血浆BNP水平变化及超声心动图各项指标,并进行比较。结果治疗3月后,2组间血浆BNP浓度、左室舒张末期容积(LV-EDV)、左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)和左室射血分数(LVEF)比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论替米沙坦联合螺内酯治疗CHF能有效地改善患者心功能,预防左心室重构,明显改善预后。     

高血压病患者动态血压参数与左心室舒张功能相关

目的:探讨高血压病患者动态血压参数与左心室舒张功能的相关性。方法: 入选原发性高血压患者137例,询问病史、体检并采用超声心动图测收缩末期左、右心房内径、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）。左心室舒张功能测定用二尖瓣舒张早期血流峰值速度/舒张晚期血流峰值速度（E/A）值,以评价左室舒张功能。根据E/A值的大小将原发性高血压患者分为两组,E/A≥1组视为左心室舒张功能正常组（n=54例）,E/A<1为左心室舒张功能不全组（n=83例）。患者均行24h动态血压及血生化检测。结果: (1)左心室舒张功能不全组的24h平均收缩压(24hSBP)、LVEDD明显高于功能正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。（2）偏相关性分析显示左室舒张功能与LVEDD、24hSBP呈显著正相关（r值分别为0.70,0.40,P<0.01）。结论: 高血压病患者动态血压参数与左心室舒张功能相关。     

曲美他嗪对老年左室舒张功能不全患者的治疗效果

目的 探讨曲美他嗪联合常规抗心力衰竭药物治疗老年患者左室舒张功能不全的效果。方法 老年左室舒张功能不全患者97例，随机分为对照组（49例）和曲美他嗪组（48例）。观察治疗前后心率、血压、临床症状，超声检测左室射血分数（LVEF）和左室短轴缩短率（FS），左室舒张末内径（LVEDD）、左心室充盈分数（LVRFF）及二尖瓣快速充盈期/心房收缩期血流速度（E/A）的变化。 结果 治疗后两组临床症状均有改善，但曲美他嗪组明显优于对照组，曲美他嗪组显效率37%,总有效率96%(P<0.01)；治疗后两组心率、血压均无明显变化；LVEF、FS、LVEDD、LVRFF和E/A均有所增加(P<0.01)，两组间比较曲美他嗪组较对照组更为显著(P<0.05)。结论 老年左室舒张功能不全患者在常规治疗基础上加用曲美他嗪治疗，能够有效改善老年患者的左心室舒张功能，且无明显不良反应。     

超声评价氯沙坦单用或与美托洛尔联用对逆转原发性高血压左室肥厚心肌的影响

目的:应用多普勒超声心动图技术观察氯沙坦、美托洛尔联合应用与单用氯沙坦在逆转原发性高血压(EH)患者左室肥厚(LVH)及改善左室舒张功能方面的疗效。方法:对EH伴LVH患者68例采用随机、单盲、彩色多普勒超声心动图测量左室重量指数(LVMI)、左室舒张功能等指标。结果:经过≥6个月治疗后,氯沙坦组(A组)、氯沙坦加美托洛尔组(B组)的血压、LVMI及左室舒张功能指标均明显改善(P<0.01),两组间结果比较:B组左室舒张功能指标较A组有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:氯沙坦加美托洛尔联合应用,对EH患者降压、逆转LVH的作用并不优于单用氯沙坦,但改善左室舒张功能却明显优于后者,且不良反应轻,值得临床推广应用。     

Bedside tests of B-type natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive patients

AIMS: To investigate the value of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in diagnosing left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertension. METHODS: The left ventricular diastolic function and plasma BNP levels were assessed prospectively in 135 hypertensive patients. RESULTS: The plasma BNP in patients with (n=61) and without (n=74) diastolic dysfunction was 122+/-105 and 18+/-16 pg/ml, respectively (p<0.001). Increased BNP levels were associated with systolic blood pressure (p<0.05), left ventricular mass index (p<0.001), the E/A ratio of transmitral flow (p<0.01) and the isovolumic relaxation time (p<0.01). A receiver-operator characteristic curve showing the sensitivity and specificity of BNP against the echocardiography diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction revealed an area under the curve (accuracy) of 0.904 (p<0.01). Using a cut-off value of >40 pg/ml, the sensitivity and specificity of plasma BNP in diagnosing left ventricular diastolic dysfunction were 79% and 92%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The plasma BNP levels in patients with hypertension are closely related to left ventricular hypertrophy and filling impairment. Plasma BNP may be used to facilitate the diagnosis of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.     

老年高血压伴退行性瓣膜病患者左室舒张功能及血浆脑钠肽水平研究

目的探讨老年高血压伴退行性瓣膜病患者左室舒张功能及血浆脑钠肽的水平及意义。方法入选老年高血压患者70例,根据主动脉瓣有无钙化及返流分为单纯高血压组（n=34）及高血压伴退行性瓣膜病组（n=36）。采用超声心动图技术测量二尖瓣瓣尖舒张早期最大血流速度（E）、晚期最大血流速度（A）,计算其比值（E/A）,以及肺静脉血流相关峰值;所有患者均采用放射免疫法测定脑钠肽（BNP）。比较两组患者超声学指标及血浆BNP水平。结果高血压伴退行性瓣膜病组二尖瓣血流E/A值、肺静脉血流S/D值与单纯高血压组比较均降低,而BNP水平均升高,两组间E/A值、S/D值、BNP水平差别均有显著统计学意义（P均〈0.01）。结论老年退行性瓣膜病早期,左室形态学已发生改变,BNP水平可考虑做为动态监测指标。     

高血压并糖尿病患者左室舒张功能与靶器官损害的相关性

目的：评价高血压合并糖尿病患者左室舒张功能,观察其靶器官损害的改变及糖尿病对高血压患者左室舒张功能及靶器官的影响。方法：本研究人选190名原发性高血压患者,分为单纯高血压组（114例）及高血压合并糖尿病组（76例）。分析两组间左室舒张功能指标的差异,包括,二尖瓣舒张早期血流速度峰值（E）,二尖瓣舒张晚期血流速度峰值（A）,E／A,E峰下降时间（DT）,等容舒张期（IVRT）,室间隔二尖瓣环舒张早期血流速度峰值（Ea）、舒张晚期血流速度峰值（Aa）,Ea／Aa,E／Ea。同时检测颈总动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）,颈动脉斑块,颈动脉-股动脉脉搏波速度（cf—PWV）,血清肌酐（Scr）,左室质量指数（LVMI）。结果：相关分析表明,E／Ea与收缩压（r=0．356,P〈0．001）,左房内径（r=0．238,P=0．001）,IMT（r=0．141,P=0．047）,cf—PWV（r=0．290,P〈0．001）,LVMI（r=0．346,P〈0．01）呈显著正相关。与单纯原发性高血压组比较,合并有糖尿病组的E／Ea明显升高[（12．37±3．21）比（13．73±3．34）,P=0．011],Ea明显下降[（5．42±1．42）cm／s比（4．99±1．05）cm／s,P=0．011],其它舒张功能指标E,A,E／A,DT,IVRT,Ea／Aa等均无显著差异。结论：E／Ea是反映左室舒张功能的良好指标,与高血压靶器官损害明显相关。在原发性高血压患者,糖尿病是加重左室舒张功能不全的重要因素。     

Biventricular impairment of diastolic function in acromegaly

AIM: Left ventricle impairment is very common in acromegaly. Concentric hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction are observed at an early stage. Late left ventricle dilatation with systolic dysfunction may appear. Few reports have studied right ventricle diastolic function. METHODS: Twenty-seven acromegalic patients were included. Biventricular diastolic function was assessed using Doppler-echocardiography. Possible associations with hormonal activity, evolution time of illness, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and systolic impairment on echocardiography were studied. RESULTS: Fifteen patients showed left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, whereas thirteen patients showed right ventricular diastolic dysfunction. A good correlation was observed between E/A relation of both ventricles (r = 0.70; p < 0.01) and isovolumetric relaxation time (r = -0.60; p < 0.01). The right ventricular E/A relation correlated with left ventricular mass index and significance was almost achieved with the presence of hypertension. There was no statistical correlations between the right ventricular E/A relation and hormone values or evolution time of illness. The left ventricular E/A relation showed a significant association with left ventricular mass index, isovolumetric time index and evolution time of illness. There were no statistical association with hormone values. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of right ventricular diastolic dysfunction observed in acromegaly suggests the presence of acromegalic myocardiopathy.     

Long-term cardiac effects of adrenalectomy or mineralocorticoid antagonists in patients with primary aldosteronism

Exposure to excess aldosterone results in cardiac damage in hypertensive states. We evaluated the long-term cardiac structural and functional evolution in patients with primary aldosteronism after surgical or medical treatment. Fifty-four patients with primary aldosteronism were enrolled in a prospective study and were followed for a mean of 6.4 years after treatment with adrenalectomy (n=24) or spironolactone (n=30). At baseline, echocardiographic measurements of patients with primary aldosteronism were compared with those of 274 patients with essential hypertension. Patients with primary aldosteronism had greater left ventricular mass, more prevalent left ventricular hypertrophy, lower early:late-wave diastolic filling velocities ratio, and longer deceleration time than patients with essential hypertension but no differences in relative wall thickness and systolic function. During follow-up, average blood pressure was 135/82 and 137/82 mm Hg in patients treated with adrenalectomy and spironolactone, respectively. In the initial 1-year period, left ventricular mass decreased significantly only in adrenalectomized patients. Subsequent changes in left ventricular mass were greater in patients treated with spironolactone, with an overall change from baseline to the end of follow-up that was comparable in the 2 groups. Prevalence of hypertrophy decreased in both treatment groups, whereas diastolic parameters had only mild and nonsignificant improvement. Changes in blood pressure and pretreatment plasma aldosterone were independent predictors of left ventricular mass decrease in both treatment groups. Thus, in the long-term, both adrenalectomy and spironolactone are effective in reducing left ventricular mass in patients with primary aldosteronism, with effects that are partially independent of blood pressure changes.     

Pulsed Doppler assessment of left ventricular diastolic function in atrial septal defect

From January 1986 through December 1990, we used pulsed Doppler echocardiography to evaluate left ventricular diastolic function in 43 patients with an ostium secundum atrial septal defect. The study population included 27 females and 16 males, whose ages ranged from 6 to 58 years (mean, 26 years). The patients were grouped according to degree of pulmonary hemodynamic impairment: patients in Group 1 (n = 6) had severe pulmonary hypertension, those in Group 2 (n = 10) had mild-to-moderate pulmonary hypertension, and those in Group 3 (n = 27) had no pulmonary hypertension. For comparison, we also evaluated 30 healthy individuals. All control subjects had a normal left ventricular filling profile. Of the 43 study patients, 8 (19%) showed Doppler echocardiographic signs of impaired left ventricular relaxation, including a prolonged left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time, decreased peak left ventricular diastolic inflow velocity, and a prolonged mean deceleration time of early diastolic flow velocity. Of these 8 patients, 5 were from Group 1, 1 was from Group 2, and 2 were from Group 3. A positive correlation (r = 0.66; standard error of the estimate = 0.32) was found between the late-to-early left ventricular diastolic inflow velocity ratio and the pulmonary-to-systemic vascular resistance ratio. Our results showed impaired left ventricular relaxation in 8 (19%) of patients with atrial septal defect; 5 of these patients had severe pulmonary hypertension. We therefore conclude that left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is closely related to severe pulmonary hypertension.