TACE、PVE联合HIFU治疗原发性肝癌的临床观察

目的:观察TACE、PVE序贯HIM治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效.方法:将不能手术切除的原发性肝癌109例分成2组,观察组进行TACE+PVE并序贯HIFU治疗,TACE治疗后2周行PVE,PVE后10大左右行HIFU治疗,每2-3个月进行一周期,进行2-5周期;单纯TACE+PVE治疗为对照组.结果:观察组65例共TACE 207次,平均3.2次/例,PVE 190次,平均2.9次/例,HIFU 2M次,平均3.6次/例;对照组44例TACE 149次,平均3.4次/例,PVE 132次(3.0次/例).总有效率分别为81.5%(53/65)、47.7%(21/44),两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);合并门静脉癌栓经治疗后癌栓缩小>1/2者,观察组为72%(18/25),对照组31.6%(6/19)(P<0.01);治疗后AFP滴度下降>1/2者分别为68.6%(35/51)、38.2%(13/34)(P<0.01);观察组6、12、24、36、60个月生存率为87.7%、73.8%、385%、24.6%、13.8%,对照组为52.3%、40.9%、29.5%、18.2%、6.8%(P<0.05).结论:TACE、PVE序贯HIFU治疗原发性肝癌可以提高肿瘤局部控制率,延长生存期,且是一种较为安全、有效的治疗方法,可广泛应用于临床.     

TACE、PVE联合HIFU治疗原发性肝癌的临床观察

目的：观察TACE、PVE序贯HIFU治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效。方法：将不能手术切除的原发性肝癌109例分成2组,观察组进行TACE＋PVE并序贯HIFU治疗,TACE治疗后2周行PVE,PVE后10天左右行HIFU治疗,每2-3个月进行一周期,进行2-5周期;单纯TACE＋PVE治疗为对照组。结果：观察组65例共TACE207次,平均3.2次/例,PVE190次,平均2.9次/例,HIFU234次,平均3.6次/例;对照组44例TACE149次,平均3.4次/例,PVE132次（3.0次/例）。总有效率分别为81.5%（53/65）、47.7%（21/44）,两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;合并门静脉癌栓经治疗后癌栓缩小〉1/2者,观察组为72%（18/25）,对照组31.6%（6/19）（P〈0.01）;治疗后AFP滴度下降〉1/2者分别为68.6%（35/51）、38.2%（13/34）（P〈0.01）;观察组6、12、24、36、60个月生存率为87.7%、73.8%、38.5%、24.6%、13.8%,对照组为52.3%、40.9%、29.5%、18.2%、6.8%（P〈0.05）。结论：TACE、PVE序贯HIFU治疗原发性肝癌可以提高肿瘤局部控制率,延长生存期,且是一种较为安全、有效的治疗方法,可广泛应用于临床。     

TACE、PVE、HIFU治疗原发性肝癌的临床研究

目的:研究TACE、PVE、HIFU治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效。方法:对不能手术的原发性肝癌68例分成2组,观察组先行TACE治疗,1周后行PVE治疗,TACE PVE每2个月进行1周期,2～3周期后再行HIFU治疗,以TACE PVE治疗作为对照,分别统计两组疗效、副作用、生存率。结果:观察组32例共TACE67次,平均2.1次/例,PVE64次,平均2次/例,HIFU99次,平均3.1次/例;对照组36例TACE78次,平均2.2次/例,PVE74次,平均2.1次/例,观察组与对照组总有效率分别为71.9%(23/32)、44.4%(16/36),两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);合并门静脉癌栓经治疗后癌栓缩小>1/2者,观察组为69.2%(9/13),对照组21.4%(3/14)(P<0.05);治疗后AFP转阴或滴度下降>1/2者分别为66.7%(16/24)、37.0%(10/27)(P<0.05);观察组6、12、18、24个月生存率分别为76%、60%、40%、20%,对照组为50%、33.3%、16.7%、2.8%(P<0.05)。结论:TACE PVE HIFU治疗PHC可以提高肿瘤局部控制率,提高生存质量,延长生存期,是晚期PHC较为有效的治疗方法之一。     

高强度聚焦超声联合经导管动脉栓塞化疗治疗原发性肝癌的临床分析

目的:探讨高强度聚焦超声(high intensity focused ultrasound,HIFU)联合经导管动脉栓塞化疗(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法:对36例接受HIFU联合TACE序贯治疗和14例单纯行HIFU的肝癌患者的临床资料进行分析。结果:50例患者中,HIFU治疗前43例(联合组32例,单纯HIFU组11例)甲胎蛋白升高,治疗后甲胎蛋白呈不同程度下降(P<0.05)。HIFU治疗后CT或磁共振复查5例治疗区域呈典型的凝固性坏死表现。联合组的有效率为66.67%(24/36),优于单纯HIFU组的28.57%(4/14),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TACE联合HIFU序贯治疗后CT复查碘油沉积率超过50%的有效率为64.71%(11/17),优于碘油沉积率等于或小于50%的45.56%(5/11),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:HIFU联合TACE治疗肝癌具有协同作用。碘油沉积多者其HIFU疗效好。HIFU联合TACE序贯治疗可望成为部分肝癌患者的新的治疗模式。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞序贯沙利度胺靶向治疗中晚期肝癌近期疗效观察

目的:观察肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)序贯沙利度胺治疗中晚期肝癌近期疗效,监测治疗前后血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)变化情况,观察毒副反应。方法:将不能手术切除的中晚期肝癌54例随机分为两组,每组27例。治疗组采用TACE序贯沙利度胺;对照组单纯行TACE。治疗组沙利度胺100-200mg/d,口服至少3个月。两组患者至少行TACE术2次,于术前及术后4周检测VEGF、AFP水平。结果:治疗组有效率为59.3%,对照组为48.1%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组疾病控制率77.8%,对照组为59.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组术后血清VEGF水平较对照组术后显著降低(144.35±70.63ng/L vs 254.35±154.48ng/L),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组内TACE前后血清VEGF水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组术后与对照组术后AFP降低例数比较,治疗组高于对照组(18 vs13),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组嗜睡、疲劳、头昏、皮疹等症状较对照组高,两组毒副反应均可耐受。结论:TACE术序贯沙利度胺治疗中晚期肝癌能提高疾病控制率,一定程度上降低血清VEGF、AFP水平,且毒副反应可控,值得进一步研究。     

高强度聚焦超声联合肝动脉化疗栓塞对肝癌血清TSGF及AFP的影响

目的:观察高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)联合肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)对原发性肝癌血清TSGF及AFP的影响.方法:原发性肝癌患者60例,男43例,女17例,年龄29-50岁(平均40.9岁).入选肝癌直径均＜5 cm,其中3O例为观察组,选择HIFU联合TACE治疗,其余30例为对照组,仅给予单纯TACE治疗.TACE所用药物为5-氟尿嘧啶1.0g、表阿霉素30mg.分别检测术前、术后4周血清恶性肿瘤生长因子(TSGF)和甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平并进行比较.术后4周根据WHO疗效标准判定疗效.结果:HIFU联合TACE治疗后患者血清TSGF水平下降较对照组明显(P<0.05),且较AFP水平下降明显(P<0.05);观察组显效(CR+PR)21例,有效(SD)8例,无效(PD)1例,总有效率96.67%,对照组显效(CR+PR)13例,有效(SD)12例,无效(PD)5例,总有效率83.33%,两组疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:HIFU联合TACE治疗明显降低患者血清TSGF水平;血清TSGF对疗效的敏感性优于AFP.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合门静脉持续灌注化疗治疗原发性肝癌的临床观察

目的 探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞加门静脉持续灌注化疗治疗原发性肝癌的临床价值.方法 不能手术的原发性肝癌82例,随机分成两组,观察组以TACE+PVC治疗,对照组单纯行TACE治疗,分别统计肿瘤大小、AFP、门静脉癌栓的变化以及1年生存率.结果 两组治疗后总有效率:观察组57.7%(15/26),对照组30.4%(17/56),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后AFP转阴或滴度下降二分之一以上:观察组77.8%(14/18),对照组45.0%(18/40)(P<0.05);1年生存率:观察组65.4%(17/26),对照组41.1%(23/56)(P<0.05).结论 TACE+PVC治疗原发性肝癌较单纯TACE有更高的临床有效率.     

高强度聚焦超声联合动脉栓塞化疗治疗晚期肝癌的初步临床研究

目的　探讨高强度聚焦超声 (HIFU)联合经动脉栓塞化疗 (TACE)治疗晚期肝癌的有效性。方法　 5 0例不能手术切除的晚期肝癌患者 (TNM分期Ⅳ期 )随机分为两组 :(1)单纯TACE组 2 6例 ;(2 )HIFU联合TACE组 2 4例 ,在TACE治疗后 2～ 3周 ,接受HIFU治疗。全部患者随访 3～ 2 4个月 ,平均 (8.16± 2 .79)个月。应用Kaplan Meier等统计学方法分别比较了两组患者的中位生存时间、6个月和 1年生存率、死亡患者平均生存时间。结果　HIFU联合TACE治疗组患者的中位生存时间为11.3个月 ,6个月和 1年生存率分别为 80 .4 %～ 85 .4 %和 4 2 .9% ;而TACE治疗组患者的中位生存时间为 4个月 ,6个月和 1年生存率分别为 13.2 %和 0 % ,两组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。HIFU联合TACE治疗组死亡患者的平均生存时间为 (10 .2 1± 4 .12 )个月 ,而TACE组患者为 (4 .35± 2 .39)个月 ,两组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　HIFU联合TACE治疗晚期肝癌患者的疗效明显优于单纯TACE ,此联合治疗有望成为不能手术切除肝癌的一种有效手段。     

肝动脉栓塞联合三维放射治疗肝癌的疗效评价

目的 评估经首次导管化疗栓塞(TACE)后,碘油栓塞不完全的中晚期肝细胞癌患者序贯适形外放射治疗的疗效及毒副作用。方法 2008年1月—2010年1月,纳入首次栓塞不完全的50例中晚期肝细胞癌患者,随机分两组,25例患者依据病情进行2~3次单纯TACE,25例序贯采用三维适型外放射补充治疗。测量肿瘤大小变化评价肿瘤的反应,评估治疗毒副作用。结果 单纯TACE组治疗前后平均肿瘤直径分别为(8.37±9.15)cm和(4.22±5.66)cm;TACE放疗组治疗前后平均肿瘤直径分别为(8.65±6.89)cm和(3.86±4.32)cm。两组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义,两组间比较无统计学意义。TACE放疗组总有效率为52%,完全反应16%,部分反应36%。两组患者12个月生存率分别为48%和64.0%,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。没有出现三级及更高级别的毒副作用。结论 对首次栓塞不完全的肝细胞癌患者,序贯采用三维适型外放射补充治疗能有效的提高患者的生存率,且毒副作用可以耐受。     

经皮肝穿刺门静脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌门静脉癌栓

目的:探讨经皮肝穿刺门静脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌门静脉癌栓的临床价值。方法:不能手术的伴门静脉癌栓的原发性肝癌45例,随机分成两组,研究组20例以TACE PVE治疗,25例以单纯TACE治疗作为对照组,分别统计AFP的变化、门静脉癌栓缩小/消失的有效率以及1年生存率。结果:两组治疗前后AFP的变化:研究组(730±190)、(515±395)μg/L,对照组(752±183)、(710±213)μg/L,治疗后两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);两组门静脉癌栓缩小/消失率13/20(65%)、8/25(32%)(P<0.05);1年生存率15/20(75%)、12/25(48%)(P<0.05);两组均未见与治疗相关的严重副作用发生。结论:经皮肝穿刺门静脉化疗栓塞是治疗原发性肝癌门静脉癌栓的有效方法。     

Tobacco, alcohol, diet, occupation, and carcinoma of the esophagus

Information on occupation, smoking, food and beverage consumption, and medical history were compared between 275 incident cases of carcinoma of the esophagus and 275 neighborhood controls who were matched to the cases on age (within 5 years), race, and sex. Tobacco use, mainly cigarette smoking, was a significant risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus. Ex-smokers of cigarettes showed a reduced risk relative to those who continued to smoke, and current smokers of two or more packs per day displayed a higher risk than those who smoked less. Alcohol consumption was another significant risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus; there was a highly significant trend with average daily dose of ethanol. Relative to controls, cases also consumed significantly more fried bacon or ham, less fresh fruits and raw vegetables, and were more likely to prefer white than whole grain bread. Finally, there was a significant association between carcinoma of the esophagus and long-term occupational exposure to metal dust; this association was largely confined to the lower one-third section of the esophagus.     

Age,Race, Sex,Stage, and Incidence of Cutaneous Lymphoma

BackgroundThe incidence of the T- and B-cell CLs has been well documented, but information pertaining to racial incidence by age, and by burden of disease (stage) have not been extensively documented.Materials and MethodsThe SEER 2004-2008 public use database was investigated. The relative incidence of CL in different races and age groups was examined. Univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression was performed for the likelihood of presenting at a higher stage.ResultsOf 4496 patients diagnosed with CL between 2004 and 2008; 1713 patients were diagnosed with MF, 1518 with non-MF cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and 1265 patients with cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. For MF, there was a trend for females to be less likely to present with a higher T-stage (T3-T4) than males (odds ratio [OR], 0.73) on multivariate analysis (P = .06). For race, AA had a significantly increased risk of presenting with higher T-stage (T3-T4) MF (OR, 1.72) on multivariate analysis (P = .02), compared with white patients. For white, AA, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Native American/other/unknown, the mean age at diagnosis was 59.2, 51.5, 51.3, and 53.8. These groups presented at a significantly different age than white (P = .0001, 0.0001, and 0.0006).ConclusionNonwhite racial groups present with MF at an earlier age compared with white, and AA have increased risk of presenting with higher T-stage compared with white. These findings have significant implications regarding need for earlier diagnosis and understanding the reasons for racial disparity in age and stage of presentation.     

Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to Tetracycline,Doxycycline, Erythromycin,Roxithromycin, Clarithromycin,Azithromycin, Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin

Abstract

The in vitro activity of tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was tested against 63 clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in A7 medium. The miC50 and miC90 of the tested agents after 24 h of incubation were as follows: Tetracycline, 0.5 and 2.0 μg/ml; doxycycline, 0.125 and 0.25 μg/ml; erythromycin, 2.0 and 8.0 μg/ml; roxithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; clarithromycin, 0.25 and 1.0 μg/ml; azithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml; and moxifloxacin, 0.5 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC values after 24 h and 48 h incubation differed by no more than one dilution for all the agents with the exception of doxycycline (two dilution difference for MIC₉₀). Overall, moxifloxacin was the most active agent in vitro against U. Urealyticum, with the narrowest difference between MIC and MBC values, followed closely by levofloxacin. Clarithromycin was the most active macrolide.     

Fat, fiber, fruits, vegetables, and risk of colorectal adenomas

A case-control study was conducted at the National Naval Medical Center (Maryland, USA) from 1994 to 1996 to investigate the possible association between dietary factors and colorectal adenomas. Cases (n = 239) were subjects diagnosed with adenomas (146 new and 93 recurrent) by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Those with no evidence of adenomas found by sigmoidoscopy were recruited as controls (n = 228). Dietary variables, assessed by a 100-item food frequency questionnaire, were analyzed by the logistic regression model, which was adjusted for age, gender and total energy intake. Variables of fat intake were further adjusted for red meat intake. An increased risk of 7% [odds ratio (OR): 1.07; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.94-1.22] per 5% energy/day from total fat was observed. Every additional 5% unit of oleic acid intake/day significantly increased the adenoma risk by 115% (OR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.05-4.39). Red meat fat increased the risk by 20% (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.71-2.04), and white meat fat decreased the risk by 67% (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.19-0.95) for every additional 5% unit of respective intake/day. Risk decreased by 41% (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.41-0.86) for every additional 5% unit of fiber intake/day. Vegetable [OR per 100 g of vegetable intake/day: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.67-1.04] and fruit (OR per 100 g of fruit intake/day: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.82-1.03) intake showed an inverse association, and the results are suggestive of an association with the risk for adenomas. In conclusion, a strong positive association between oleic acid intake and colorectal adenoma risk was observed. This is likely to be an indicator of "unhealthy" food (meat, dairy, margarine, mayonnaise, sweet baked food) consumption in this population. Increased intake of dietary fiber was associated with a moderately decreased risk of adenomas.     

Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin

The in vitro activity of tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was tested against 63 clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in A7 medium. The MIC(50) and MIC(90) of the tested agents after 24 h of incubation were as follows: tetracycline, 0.5 and 2.0 μg/ml; doxycycline, 0.125 and 0.25 μg/ml; erythromycin, 2.0 and 8.0 μg/ml; roxithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; clarithromycin, 0.25 and 1.0 μg/ml; azithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml; and moxifloxacin, 0.5 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC values after 24 h and 48 h incubation differed by no more than one dilution for all the agents with the exception of doxycycline (two dilution difference for MIC(90)). Overall, moxifloxacin was the most active agent in vitro against U. urealyticum, with the narrowest difference between MIC and MBC values, followed closely by levofloxacin. Clarithromycin was the most active macrolide.     

Occurrence,Efficacy, Metabolism,and Toxicity of Triclosan

Triclosan has broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is widely used in personal care products, household items, medical devices, and clinical settings. Due to its extensive use, there is potential for humans in all age groups to receive life-time exposures to triclosan, and, indeed, triclosan has been detected in human tissues and the environment. Data gaps exist regarding the chronic dermal toxicity and carcinogenicity of triclosan, which is needed for the risk assessment of triclosan. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nominated triclosan to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) for toxicological evaluations. Currently, the NTP is conducting several dermal toxicological studies to determine the carcinogenic potential of triclosan, evaluate its endocrine and developmental-reproductive effects, and investigate the potential UV-induced dermal formation of chlorinated phenols and dioxins of triclosan. This paper reviews data on the human exposure, environmental fate, efficacy of anti-microbial activity, absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, endocrine disrupting effects, and toxicity of triclosan.     

Histologic features of bladder cancer in Boston,USA, Manchester,UK, and Nagoya,Japan

Histologic characteristics of bladder cancer in Boston, USA, Manchester, UK, and Nagoya, Japan, were evaluated. In each of these areas broadly-based series of cases were assembled during a collaborative case-control study. The present analysis was based on 589 cases in Boston, 484 cases in Manchester, and 241 cases in Nagoya. A single pathologist reviewed a slide of the primary tumor without reference to identifying information or other data. The primary histologic type of nearly all tumors was transitional-cell, and there was little variation in the proportion of transitional-cell tumors among the study areas. Nor was there much variation in the distribution of histologic grade, the proportion of tumors showing submucosal invasion, or the proportion of tumors with a papillary surface. Age at diagnosis was strongly correlated with histologic grade. The proportion of grade III (most malignant) tumors was about twice as high among patients 80 years of age and over as among those aged less than 50. An apparent association between age and submucosal invasion was explained in large part by the relationships of histologic grade to submucosal invasion and to age. Other histologic features had only weak and inconsistent relations with age. None of the features evaluated showed consistent associations with history of cigarettesmoking or with sex.