武汉献血人群抗-HCV ELISA检测反应性标本联合Realtime-PCR的研究

目的:对现有的2种国产抗-HCV ELISA试剂检出的反应性标本进行Realtime-PCR扩增,对结果进行分析,比较2种方法的检出率。为制定ELISA检测结果假阳性的献血者献血资格的恢复措施提供依据。方法:对日常工作中的检测标本用2种抗-HCV ELISA两步法试剂做初检,反应性结果再次双孔复试。对任何一种试剂经复试检测后仍为反应性的标本进行Realtime-PCR扩增,对所有检测结果进行分析。结果:共检测无偿献血标本63 169份,其中检出抗-HCV反应性标本206份,对206份标本进行Realtime-PCR扩增,共扩增出91例HCV-RNA阳性标本,53例科华试剂单反应性标本中仅2例HCV-RNA结果为阳性,41例新创试剂单反应性标本中6例HCV-RNA结果为阳性。ELISA试剂检出的标本S/CO值在不同的区间内的,都有HCV-RNA为阳性的标本。结论:ELISA试剂检测出的抗-HCV标本很多可能为假阳性,特别是单侧试剂呈反应性的标本。但即使ELISA检测S/CO值仅在灰区的单试剂反应性标本,仍不能排除为HCV感染者。     

婴幼儿抗HCV阳性可疑结果分析

目的：研究实际工作中抗-HCVELISA试剂检测婴幼儿血清标本出现阳性可疑结果的情况,提出一种有效的避免措施。方法：对100例婴幼儿血清标本进行双试剂检测,比较当前选用的试剂盒。对初筛中的阳性可疑结果进行双孔双试剂复查和PCR确证实验,探讨PCR确证实验的必要性。同时检测婴幼儿标本的IgG和RF,初步探讨ELISA实验中存在的干扰。结果：试剂盒A和试剂盒B检测婴幼儿标本的阳性可疑率分别为12.0%、26.0%。抗-HCVELISA检测的阳性可疑标本在PCR确证的阳性标本中,阳性可疑率在试剂盒A和试剂盒B中差异有统计学意义;而在PCR确证的阳性标本中,阳性可疑率在试剂盒A和试剂盒B中差异无统计学意义,更多的阳性可疑标本确证为阴性。IgG、RF在婴幼儿阳性可疑标本和婴幼儿阴性对照标本中差异无统计学意义。结论：ELISA中婴幼儿标本的阳性可疑率较高,此类标本复查后还应进行确证实验,为临床提供准确的实验结果。     

血清抗－HCV与HCV RNA检测结果比较

采用逆转录一套式－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ｎｅｓｔｅ－ＰＣＲ）及ＥＬＩＳＡ（Ａｂｂｏｔｔ）对一组经第二代抗－ＨＣＶＥＬＩＳＡ（上海科华生物技术有限公司，科华）试剂筛选的抗－ＨＣＶ阳性血清及抗－ＨＣＶ阴性的非甲非乙型肝炎患者血清，进行了ＨＣＶＲＮＡ与抗－ＨＣＶ检测。对两者检测结果及相互关系进行了分析与比较。结果显示：Ａｂｂｏｔｔ与科华ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂两者抗－ＨＣＶ检测的阳性符合率及总符合率为７７．７％及７９．８％。两者与ＨＣＶＲＮＡ检测阳性结果的符合率分别为４９，７％及５６．３％。２０８份血清中ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性１０９份，其中抗－ＨＣＶ阳性组ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性率为６０．２％，较之抗－ＨＣＶ阴性之非甲非乙型肝炎ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性率（５０．０％）为高，其在ＰＣＲ试验中呈阳性与强阳性反应者的比率，前者亦显著高于后者（８５．２％与２５．ｏ％，Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

不同HCV感染者各区段抗HCV抗体的反应性及HCV-RNA检测结果分析

利用丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）不同区段抗原的单片段酶免疫（ＥＩＡ）试剂及反转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）技术,对不同ＨＣＶ感染者血清不同区段抗ＨＣＶ抗体及丙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸（ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ）进行检测。结果显示,慢性肝炎患者各抗体检出率及Ｓ／Ｃｏ（Ｓ为样品光密度值,Ｃｏ为临界值）值均高,肝癌患者各抗体检出率及ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性率均较低;ＡＬＴ正常而抗ＨＣＶ阳性者各区段抗体阳性率低于急、慢性肝炎患者,而其ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ的阳性率高于其他各组;抗－ＮＳ３和抗－Ｃ抗体在各组的检出率和反应性均强。表明抗－Ｃ和抗－ＮＳ３抗体的检测对ＨＣＶ感染最有诊断价值,同时用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术检测血清ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ有助于ＨＣＶ感染的早期诊断     

HCV-cAg检测在HCV感染诊断中的应用价值

收集于我院进行丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染检查的320份血清标本,分别采用酶免疫分析方法（ELA）检测HCV总核心抗原（HCV-cAg）、抗-HCV,采用RT-PCR检测HCV-RNA,采用Kappa分析评价检测方法间的一致性。结果HCV-cAg检测结果与抗HCV、HCV-RNA检测结果一致性均较好（Kappa=0．546、0．801,P均〈0．05）。若以HCV-RNA为诊断HCV现症感染的金标准,则HCV-cAg总符合率、灵敏度和特异度分别为91．3％、81．8％和96．2％,阳性和阴性预测值分别为91．8％和91．0％。认为基于EIA的HCV-cAg检测方法与基于RT-PCR的HCV-RNA检测方法一致性较好,前者可作为后者的补充实验而佐证HCV现症感染,是筛查“窗口期”感染、严重低免疫状态人群感染的简便、廉价方法,可用于血液筛查及指导慢性丙型肝炎患者的治疗和预后判断。     

血清抗—HCV与HCVRNA及肝内HCV Ag检测结果对比分析

对２２８例肝炎患者同时检测血清抗－ＨＣＶ与ＨＣＶＲＮＡ，阳性率分别为１９．３％和２７．６％，二者联检是性率为３２．０２％，对１３１例肝检者检测肝内ＨＣＶ Ａｇ，阳性率为１４．５，其中１５例血清抗－ＨＣＶ同时阳性，提示联栓抗－ＨＣＶ及ＨＣＶＲＮＡ可提高ＨＣＶ感染的检出率，肝内ＨＣＶＡｇ的检出率，检出ＨＣＶ Ａｇ的检出亦是ＨＣＶ现症感染最直接的依据。     

用不同的ELISA试剂盒检测抗-HCV弱阳性血清标本的结果分析

目的　了解目前国内用于抗 HCV检测的ELISA试剂盒现状。方法　使用四家国产和一家进口抗 HCVELISA试剂盒检测 ,结果不一致的样本再用CHRONRIBA3 .0SIA检测确认 ,并对RIBA测定阴性及不确定的样本用RT PCR方法测定HCVRNA。结果　对所选择的 2 8份抗 HCV弱阳性样本 ,五家ELISA试剂盒测定的假阴性率为 2 5 .0 %～82 .1%;不同试剂盒间的测定结果有较大程度的不一致性。随机两家试剂组合 ,测定的假阴性率降至 14 .3 %～ 46.4%。两家国产和一家进口试剂组合使用 ,可使测定的假阴性率降低至 3 .6%～ 14 .3 %(P <0 .0 1)。结论　目前国内使用的抗 HCVELISA试剂盒对弱阳性样本的检出率差异明显 ,因此对于抗 HCV初检阴性的献血员站应使用不同于初检试剂的国产或进口试剂盒进行复检 ,以降低HCV感染的经输血传播的可能性。     

血清抗—HCV与HCV RNA检测结果比较

采用逆转录一大一聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ｎｅｓｔｅ－ＰＣＲ）及ＥＬＩＳＡ（Ａｂｂｏｔｔ）对一组经第二代抗－ＨＣＶ ＥＬＩＳＡ（上海科华生物技术有限公司，科华）试剂筛选的抗－ＨＣＶ阳性血清及抗－ＨＣＶ阴性的非甲非乙型肝炎患者清，进行了ＨＣＶＲＮＡ与抗－ＨＣＶ检测。对两者检测结果表明相互关系进行了分析与比较。结果显示：Ａｂｂｏｔｔ与科华ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂两者抗－ＨＣＶ检测的阳性符合率及总符合率为７７．７％及７     

西藏地区藏族人群HCV感染状况及HCV基因型分析

目的和方法:西藏族地区不同人群HCV感染状况及HCV基因现分析,对采自西藏地区藏族不同人群781份血清分别进行了抗-HCV ELISA和HCV RNA基因型检测结果,结果显示:该地区自然人群、急性肝炎、慢性迂延性肝炎、慢性活动性肝炎、肝硬化和肝细胞癌患者中抗-HCV阳性率分别为2.4%、8.3%、15.8%、25.9%、34.8%及24.3%,HCV感染者中有5l.6%具有输血史及使用血制品史.结论:本实验结果提示经血传播是该地区HCV的主要感染途径.该地区人群HCV基因型分布以Ⅱ型为主(51.4%),其次是Ⅲ型(27.0%)和Ⅰ型(6.8%),并有少量混合型(14.8%).     

HCV实验室实验人员检测能力验证结果分析北大核心

目的通过能力验证(PT)考核,了解中国部分实验室实验人员丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)检测的能力。方法采用统一的方法、试剂、仪器,组织33家实验室利用17份样本进行PT考核,考核内容包括HCV抗体、抗原、病毒载量及基因分型实验,采用百分制对结果进行评分,并与参比实验室确定的预期结果进行比较,用SAS 9.3统计软件对得分以及结果进行分析。结果参与PT考核的33家实验室的全部抗体实验阴阳性判断正确;得分均为100分;抗原实验阴性样本中有1份结果错判为阳性,其余结果判定正确;共66份阳性样本中,有16份结果错判为阴性,错判率为24%(16/66);核酸载量实验结果均在可信区间内,得分均为100分;亚型实验结果判定全部正确,得分均为100分。结论 33家实验室的实验员HCV抗体实验、病毒载量实验、基因分型实验的检测结果与预期结果一致,而丙型肝炎病毒抗原实验结果与预期结果存在一定差异,需要重点加强。     

Anti-HCV immunoglobulin M antibody in patients with hepatitis C

Anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) immunoglobulin M antibody titres were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in 16 patients with non-A, non-B acute hepatitis (NANB AH), 13 with non-A, non-B fulminant hepatitis (NANB FH) and nine with type C chronic hepatitis. Anti-HCV IgM was positive in one of the 16 patients with NANB AH, six of the 13 with NANB FH, and five of the nine with type C chronic hepatitis. Anti-HCV IgG was positive in eight of the 16 patients with NANB AH and eight of the 13 with NANB FH. Either anti-HCV IgM or anti-HCV IgG were positive in 10 of the 13 patients with NANB FH. All of the five anti-HCV IgM positive patients with type C chronic hepatitis were undergoing an exacerbation of the diseases, while all of the anti-HCV IgM negative patients were in a remission stage which had lasted for more than 6 months. The findings of this study suggest that anti-HCV IgM is useful for the early diagnosis of type C FH and may be a useful marker of diseases activity in type C chronic hepatitis.     

Incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and HCV-RNA in blood donors and patients with liver diseases in the Inshore Area of the Yangtze River

The Nantong area is a high risk region for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) in the inshore area of the Yangtze River. However, no detailed data are available about hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in this area. We examined the incidences of anti-HCV and HCV-RNA in blood donors with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)- and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)-negative and patients with chronic liver diseases in the Nantong area at Nantong Medical College, Jiangsu Province, the People's Republic of China. The incidences of HBV markers (HBsAg and/or HBcAb), anti-HCV (C100-3), second generation anti-HCV, HCV-RNA and any marker of HCV in the Nantong area were found to be: 0.0, 0.7, 0.4, 0.2 and 0.7% in donor bloods; 16.9, 0.0, 3.4, 15.7 and 16.9% in patients with acute hepatitis; 82.8, 2.7, 4.8, 7.5 and 10.2% in those with chronic hepatitis; 86.4, 4.5, 9.1, 4.5 and 11.4% in those with liver cirrhosis; 87.5, 6.3, 0.0, 0.0 and 6.3% in those with PHC; and 21.8, 1.3, 1.3, 0.0 and 1.3% in patients without liver diseases, respectively. Although the Nantong area is a high risk region for PHC, these data suggest that HCV infection is not an important aetiological factor for PHC in this area.     

唐山地区献血人群隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染分析

目的了解唐山地区无偿献血人群隐匿性乙型肝炎感染情况。方法用ELISA法检测无偿献血者的乙型肝炎血清标志物,对于HBsAg阴性样本,进行HBV核酸检测（NAT）,NAT阳性样本,用罗氏试剂确证HBV DNA载量。结果共检测116 741例血样,证实隐匿性乙型肝炎感染者35例,占总献血人数的0.29‰。其中97.1%隐匿性乙型肝炎感染者样本的HBV DNA滴度低于102IU/ml。在HBV DNA阳性人群中,抗-HBc阳性率较高,占81.5%,抗-HBs阳性或乙型肝炎病毒血清标志物全阴性也可检出HBV DNA分别占55.6%和22.9%。结论唐山地区献血人群中血清HBsAg阴性者存在一定比例的隐匿性HBV感染,其HBV病毒载量均较低,核酸检测能够提高HBV感染的检出率。     

HCV infection and its clinical features in recipients of blood screened for HCV (C100-3) antibody

Abstract After adoption of the anti-hepatitis C virus (C100-3) test, the incidences of definite and suspected cases of post-transfusional hepatitis (PTH) were 3.3% (7/209) and 7.2% (15/209), respectively. Four patients with definite PTH and seven patients with suspected PTH became positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related antibodies or HCV-RNA after transfusion. These cases that became positive for anti-HCV or HCV-RNA showed a peak of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) more than 4 weeks after operation. Only rare cases that showed ALT peaks within 4 weeks after operation became positive for HCV-related antibodies or HCV-RNA. The peak ALT levels in cases showing positive conversion tended to be higher than those in cases showing no conversion. Judging from these results, cases of suspected PTH include those of transient liver disease attributable to surgery as well as clear cases of HCV infection. Thus new diagnostic criteria are required including data on HCV antibodies or HCV-RNA.     

Effect of interferon therapy on Japanese chronic hepatitis C virus patients with anti-liver/kidney microsome autoantibody type 1

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-liver/kidney microsome autoantibody type 1 (anti-LKM-1) among hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected Japanese patients at various stages (chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma), and to assess the influence of anti-LKM-1 on interferon therapy. METHODS: A total of 390 serum samples from 215 HCV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis (HCV-CH), 81 HCV-infected patients with liver cirrhosis (HCV-LC), and 94 HCV-HCC infected patients were subjected to examination. Ninety-one HBsAg-positive patients and 137 healthy subjects served as controls. Anti-liver/kidney microsome autoantibody type 1 was determined by using a newly developed ELISA using recombinant cytochrome P450 IID6 as the antigen. RESULTS: Anti-liver/kidney microsome autoantibody type 1 was detected in six of the 390 (1.5%) chronic HCV-infected patients (four were HCV-CH and two were HCV-LC); in contrast, it was not detected in control groups. Among the 110 HCV-CH patients treated with interferon (IFN), four were positive for anti-LKM-1. No change in anti-LKM-1 immunoreactivity from negative to positive during interferon therapy was observed. Moreover, no increase in the serum alanine aminotransferase level was observed in these four patients with anti-LKM-1. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that: (i) anti-LKM-1 does not aggravate the liver disease associated with HCV infection; and (ii) no change in anti-LKM-1 immunoreactivity from negative to positive or no aggravations of liver dysfunction were observed among HCV-CH patients during the IFN therapy for Japanese patients with liver disease.     

MEIA法与ELISA法检测丙型肝炎病毒抗体结果比较

目的比较MEIA法与ELISA法检NHCV抗体的结果,以及2种方法在实际应用中的区别。方法收集152例ELISA法检NHCV抗体阳性的血清标本,并采用MEIA法检测,对2种检测方法的结果进行比较。结果152例ELISA法检NHCV抗体阳性的血清标本采用MEIA法检测后,144例为阳性,8例为阴性。结论ELISA法操作简单、灵敏度高,但在实际操作中,ELISA检测HCV抗体结果影响因素较多,易出现假阳性问题;MEIA法检测HCV抗体较ELISA法准确、灵敏、快速。     

ELISA检测土拨鼠肝炎病毒核心抗体方法的建立

目的 建立检测土拨鼠肝炎病毒(WHV)核心抗体的ELISA方法,应用于WHV感染的中国旱獭动物模型的研究.方法 原核表达重组WHcAg,氯化铯密度梯度离心获得非变性的纯化蛋白;用该纯化蛋白免疫Balb/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体;建立竞争抑制ELISA方法用于检测旱獭血清中的抗-WHc.结果 纯化后的蛋白浓度达0.86 mg/mL,纯度达89.48%;免疫小鼠后获得抗血清,ELISA间接法显示其多克隆抗体效价达1:640 000,Western blot分析显示该抗体能特异识别WHcAg;建立的竞争抑制ELISA方法对旱獭血清中可能存在的抗-WHc进行检测,诊断特异性及敏感性均较好,重复测定的批内变异系数和批间变异系数均小于10%.结论 成功地建立检测旱獭血清中抗-WHc的竞争抑制ELISA方法.该方法具有稳定、简便、特异、敏感的特点,适用于大量旱獭血清抗-WHc的筛查工作,为进一步研究中国旱獭这一新型乙型肝炎病毒动物模型奠定了基础.     

Efficacy of a hepatitis C virus core antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the identification of 'window-phase' blood donations

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have suggested that potentially infectious donations provided during the antibody-negative 'window' phase of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may be identified by testing for viral RNA or HCV core protein. We therefore evaluated the performance of an HCV antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for identification of window-phase donations and for prospective screening of blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundred and twenty-eight archived plasma donations containing HCV RNA, but lacking antibody to HCV (anti-HCV), were tested by using the HCV antigen ELISA, together with 9951 freshly collected serum and plasma specimens from blood donors. RESULTS: HCV core antigen was detected in 94% (120/128) of window-phase plasma donations. Overall specificity in freshly collected blood donor specimens was 99.74%. Two putative window-phase donations containing HCV core protein and viral RNA were identified from paid plasma donors by prospective testing with the HCV antigen ELISA. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that an HCV antigen ELISA can identify almost all (94%) of viraemic donations given during the seronegative window phase of infection. The performance of the HCV antigen ELISA appears to be suitable for large-scale screening of blood donations.     

High prevalence, low pathogenicity in hepatitis G virus in kidney transplant recipients

BACKGROUND: Prevalence and pathogenicity of hepatitis G virus infection in long-term renal transplant recipients, are not fully known. AIM: To evaluate long-term impact of HGV infection on liver disease of renal transplanted patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 155 hepatitis B surface antigen negative kidney transplant recipients, followed for a mean of 11 years after renal transplantation, were studied. Of these 48 (31%) patients had persistently elevated serum aminotransferase values. Frozen serum samples were tested for HGV-RNA and HCV-RNA by nested reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction, and for anti-hepatitis G virus and anti-hepatitis C virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Hepatitis C virus-RNA was typed by a line probe assay and quantified by a branched DNA signal amplification assay RESULTS: Hepatitis G virus-RNA was detected in 37 (24%) patients and anti-hepatitis G virus in another 26 (17%). Seventy (45%) patients had serum anti-hepatitis C virus and 63 of these (90%) had serum hepatitis C virus-RNA. Hepatitis G virus-RNA positive and negative patients were similar in terms of age, sex, duration of dialysis, rate of transfusion, chronic liver disease, rate of hepatitis C virus infection and immunosuppressive therapy. Fifteen (41%) hepatitis G virus-RNA seropositive patients were hepatitis C virus co-infected. Hepatitis C virus-RNA levels were significantly lower in the 15 hepatitis C virus/hepatitis G virus co-infected patients than in the 48 patients with hepatitis C virus infection only (2.2 vs 10.8 MEq/ml, p = 0.02). Only 3 hepatitis G virus carriers had persistently elevated alanine aminotransferase compared to 29 hepatitis C virus carriers (14% vs 60%, p < 0.001), 10 patients co-infected with both hepatitis G virus and hepatitis C virus, and in 6 patients with neither infection (67% vs 8%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatitis G virus infection is common among kidney transplant patients, it carries a low risk of chronic liver disease even in long-term follow-up. Low levels of hepatitis C virus-RNA found in hepatitis G virus carriers suggest an interaction between these two viruses in immunosuppressed patients.