周期性张应力诱导成纤维细胞凋亡中p38MAPK信号通路的作用

背景：当牙齿受异常咬合力时会导致牙体吸收、牙周组织的大量破坏。目的：研究牙周膜成纤维细胞在受到周期性张应力刺激后是否发生凋亡及p38MAPK信号通路是否参与该凋亡过程。方法：取4～7代成纤维细胞,同步化后随机分为对照组、加力组和SB203580组。加力组和SB203580组细胞加载力值为12%表面应变率,加力频率为6个循环/min,即5s拉伸,5s松弛。SB203580组细胞在加力前1h加入终浓度为20mmol/L的p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580。分别在加力6,12,24h,取各组细胞,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,RT-PCR检测细胞凋亡基因baxmRNA的表达。结果与结论：与对照组比较,加力后成纤维细胞凋亡率及baxmRNA表达增加（P〈0.05）,且随着加力时间的延长而增强,12h达高峰,之后逐渐下降。与加力组比较,SB203580组对应时间点细胞凋亡减少（P〈0.05）,baxmRNA表达降低。说明细胞受到力学刺激会发生凋亡,而丝裂原活化蛋白激酶p38MAPK信号通路参与了该凋亡过程。     

周期性张应力诱导成纤维细胞凋亡中p38MAPK信号通路的作用

背景:当牙齿受异常咬合力时会导致牙体吸收、牙周组织的大量破坏.目的:研究牙周膜成纤维细胞在受到周期性张应力刺激后是否发生凋亡及p38MAPK信号通路是否参与该凋亡过程.方法:取4～7代成纤维细胞,同步化后随机分为对照组、加力组和SB203580组.加力组和SB203580组细胞加载力值为12%表面应变率,加力频率为6个循环/min,即5 s拉伸,5 s松弛.SB203580组细胞在加力前1 h加入终浓度为20 mmol/L的p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580.分别在加力6,12,24 h,取各组细胞,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,RT-PCR检测细胞凋亡基因bax mRNA的表达.结果与结论:与对照组比较,加力后成纤维细胞凋亡率及bax mRNA表达增加(P < 0.05),且随着加力时间的延长而增强,12 h达高峰,之后逐渐下降.与加力组比较,SB203580组对应时间点细胞凋亡减少(P < 0.05),bax mRNA表达降低.说明细胞受到力学刺激会发生凋亡,而丝裂原活化蛋白激酶p38MAPK信号通路参与了该凋亡过程.     

肝星状细胞增殖与p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号传导通路的关系

背景：肝星状细胞的激活、增殖导致肝纤维化,p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路可参与调控细胞增殖。目的：探讨SB203580作用于乙醛刺激的大鼠肝星状细胞后p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶活性变化和细胞增殖变化。方法：体外培养大鼠肝星状细胞株,在乙醛干预的基础上加入不同浓度的p38特异性抑制剂SB203580进行培养,并设置对照。以Westernblot检测磷酸化p38蛋白表达水平变化,MTT比色法检测细胞增殖。结果与结论：乙醛刺激后大鼠肝星状细胞内磷酸化p38水平增强,细胞增殖明显。使用5,10,20μmol/L SB203580能明显抑制乙醛刺激的肝星状细胞增殖（P〈0.05）,加大浓度至30μmol/L时,抑制作用更明显（P〈0.01）,抑制率为43.9%,而磷酸化p38水平也降低（P〈0.05）。结果证实,抑制p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶活性可能影响肝星状细胞的增殖。     

肝星状细胞增殖与p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号传导通路的关系

背景:肝星状细胞的激活、增殖导致肝纤维化,p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路可参与调控细胞增殖。目的:探讨SB203580作用于乙醛刺激的大鼠肝星状细胞后p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶活性变化和细胞增殖变化。方法:体外培养大鼠肝星状细胞株,在乙醛干预的基础上加入不同浓度的p38特异性抑制剂SB203580进行培养,并设置对照。以Westernblot检测磷酸化p38蛋白表达水平变化,MTT比色法检测细胞增殖。结果与结论:乙醛刺激后大鼠肝星状细胞内磷酸化p38水平增强,细胞增殖明显。使用5,10,20μmol/L SB203580能明显抑制乙醛刺激的肝星状细胞增殖(P<0.05),加大浓度至30μmol/L时,抑制作用更明显(P<0.01),抑制率为43.9%,而磷酸化p38水平也降低(P<0.05)。结果证实,抑制p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶活性可能影响肝星状细胞的增殖。     

p38MAPK信号通路与应力介导成肌细胞的凋亡

背景：在体内条件下,细胞力学的功能研究因其所处生理环境的复杂性、实验条件的不易控制而很难得到满意结果。目的：在成功构建成肌细胞体外培养-力学刺激模型的基础上,研究p38MAPK信号通路在成肌细胞凋亡中的作用及其机制。方法：将体外培养的C2C12细胞分为对照组和SB203580组,SB203580组中加入20mmol/L的p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580。应用细胞应力加载装置FlecellStrainUnit-5000T给细胞提供15%的力值,分别施加0,6,12,24h的周期性张应力。每分钟10个循环,每循环包括3s牵张,3s松弛。Hoechst33258染色观察细胞的形态学变化;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况;RT-PCR法检测促凋亡基因baxmRNA的表达;Westernblot检测信号通路中p38MAPK和p-p38MAPK蛋白的表达。结果与结论：随着加力时间的延长,细胞逐渐出现核固缩及凋亡小体,凋亡率增加（P〈0.05）,baxmRNA表达增多（P〈0.05）;细胞p38MAPK和p-p38MAPK蛋白均在加力6h达到最低,此后逐渐升高。p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580可抑制加力引起的细胞凋亡,减少baxmRNA及p38MAPK和p-p38MAPK蛋白的表达（P〈0.05）。说明p38MAPK信号通路在应力介导的成肌细胞凋亡中起到重要的作用。     

p38MAPK信号通路与应力介导成肌细胞的凋亡(英文)

背景:在体内条件下,细胞力学的功能研究因其所处生理环境的复杂性、实验条件的不易控制而很难得到满意结果。目的:在成功构建成肌细胞体外培养-力学刺激模型的基础上,研究p38MAPK信号通路在成肌细胞凋亡中的作用及其机制。方法:将体外培养的C2C12细胞分为对照组和SB203580组,SB203580组中加入20mmol/L的p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580。应用细胞应力加载装置FlecellStrainUnit-5000T给细胞提供15%的力值,分别施加0,6,12,24h的周期性张应力。每分钟10个循环,每循环包括3s牵张,3s松弛。Hoechst33258染色观察细胞的形态学变化;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况;RT-PCR法检测促凋亡基因baxmRNA的表达;Westernblot检测信号通路中p38MAPK和p-p38MAPK蛋白的表达。结果与结论:随着加力时间的延长,细胞逐渐出现核固缩及凋亡小体,凋亡率增加(P<0.05),baxmRNA表达增多(P<0.05);细胞p38MAPK和p-p38MAPK蛋白均在加力6h达到最低,此后逐渐升高。p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580可抑制加力引起的细胞凋亡,减少baxmRNA及p38MAPK和p-p38MAPK蛋白的表达(P<0.05)。说明p38MAPK信号通路在应力介导的成肌细胞凋亡中起到重要的作用。     

MAPK信号通路调控子宫内膜癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响

目的:探讨丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路对人子宫内膜癌细胞HEC-1-B增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响。方法:体外培养人子宫内膜癌细胞HEC-1-B,采用MTT法检测增殖能力,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期,Transwell试验检测细胞侵袭能力,划痕试验检测细胞迁移能力,Western印迹法检测细胞中磷酸化的p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p-p38MAPK)、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)蛋白表达水平的影响。结果:p38MAPK信号通路抑制剂SB203580对子宫内膜癌细胞HEC-1-B的增殖具有抑制作用,且随着作用浓度的升高抑制作用增强(P0.05)。与对照组比,施加抑制剂SB203580能够导致G0/G1期HEC-1-B细胞比例增多,S期和G2/M期细胞比例减少,细胞侵袭抑制率升高,细胞划痕愈合率降低,细胞中p-p38MAPK, PCNA,MMP-2蛋白表达下调,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。且抑制剂SB203580组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:抑制MAPK信号通路能够抑制人子宫内膜癌HEC-1-B细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移,其作用机制可能与下调细胞中PCNA,MMP-2蛋白表达有关。     

川芎嗪干预转化生长因子β1诱导肝星状细胞结缔组织生长因子表达中p38丝裂酶原激活蛋白激酶的途径

背景:前期研究发现川芎嚷可通过抑制肝星状细胞的增殖和阻断Ⅰ,Ⅲ胶原的合成,下调结缔组织生长因子的表达等,发挥抗肝纤维化的作用,但具体机制尚小清楚.目的:观察川芎嗪对体外培养肝星状细胞表达结缔组织生长因子的影响,以及p38丝裂酶原激活蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)信号通路在其中的作用.方法:用5 μg/L转化牛长因子β1诱导活化体外培养的肝星状细胞,用川芎嗪和p38MAPK特异阻断剂SB203580进行干预,以RT-PCR法检测结缔组织生长因子mRNA和Ⅰ型胶原mRNA的表达,Western blot法检测磷酸化p38MAPK蛋白的表达.结果与结论:经转化生长因子β1诱导后.肝星状细胞中结缔组织生长因子和Ⅰ型胶原mRNA表达显著增强(P<0.01),用川芎嗪和SB203580干预后,结缔组织生长因子和Ⅰ型胶原mRNA的表达均出现不同程度的下降.但川芎嗪和川芎嗪+SB203580混合干预对这两者的基因表达抑制作用比单独的SB203580干预更强.川芎嗪和SB203580对磷酸化p38MAPK蛋白表达也都有明显的抑制作用(P<0.01),但SB203580和川芎嗪+SB203580对其磷酸化蛋白表达抑制作用更明显,而SB203580与川芎嗪+SB203580无明显差异(P>0.05).因此,推测川芎嗪可能通过抑制转化生长因子β 1诱导的结缔组织生长因子基因表达,阻断Ⅰ型胶原合成,其作用途径可能与抑制p38mapk信号通路有关,同时认为川芎嗪抗纤维化可能是多重作用靶点.     

p38丝裂素活化蛋白激酶与细胞外调节蛋白激酶在重症胰腺炎炎症反应和免疫抑制中的作用

目的探讨p38丝裂素活化蛋白激酶（p38 mitogen—activated protein kinase,p38MAPK）与细胞外调节蛋白激酶（extracellular regulated protein kinases,ERK）在重症急性胰腺炎（severe acute pancreatitis,SAP）炎症反应和免疫抑制中的作用。方法75只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、SAP组、ERK抑制组（PD组）、p38MAPK抑制组（SB组）、ERK＋P38MAPK联合抑制组（PD＋SB组）各15只。对照组仅作开腹缝合处理,其余4组大鼠建立大鼠SAP模型,其中PD组大鼠术前30min尾静脉注射PD98059,SB组大鼠尾静脉注射SB203580,PD＋SB组大鼠尾静脉注射PD98059与SB203580。术后6、12h观察5组腹腔积液量变化情况。检测5组血清肿瘤坏死因子-α水平,并计算大鼠肺组织湿／干比值。结果对照组腹腔积液量、肺组织湿／干比值及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α水平明显低于其他4组（P〈i0．05）,PD＋SB组低于SAP组、PD组和SB组（P〈0．05）,PD组和SB组低于SAP组（P〈0．05）。结论ERK、p38MAPK在SAP炎症反应和免疫抑制中发挥重要作用,抑制其活性可抑制SAP过度活化的炎症反应,改善细胞免疫功能低下状态。     

p38信号通路对缺氧下大鼠星形胶质细胞增殖凋亡的影响及机制研究

目的探讨p38信号通路对缺氧下星形胶质细胞增殖凋亡的影响。方法从新生2 d的大鼠的脑组织分离原代星形胶质细胞,将细胞分为缺氧组、缺氧+p38抑制剂组和正常组,各组细胞培养12 h后,Western blot检测细胞中p38、p-p38蛋白表达;24 h后CCK8实验和流式细胞术分别检测细胞的增殖及凋亡情况,Western blot检测Bcl-2、Bax、Cleaved Caspase3蛋白表达。结果缺氧组p-p38蛋白表达显著高于正常组,而缺氧+SB203580组p-p38蛋白表达显著低于缺氧组(P0.01);缺氧组细胞存活率及Bcl-2蛋白表达均显著低于正常组,细胞凋亡率及Bax、Cleaved Caspase3蛋白表达均显著高于正常组(P0.01);缺氧+SB203580组细胞存活率及Bcl-2蛋白表达均显著高于缺氧组,细胞凋亡率及Bax、Cleaved Caspase3蛋白表达均显著低于缺氧组(P0.01)。结论 p38信号通路的激活降低了缺氧下星形胶质细胞增殖并促进细胞的凋亡,而抑制p38信号通路可提高细胞的增殖及抑制细胞的凋亡。     

脂多糖诱导血管平滑肌细胞分泌白细胞介素-6及p38丝裂素活化蛋白激酶的调控作用

目的 探讨p38丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号转导通路在脂多糖(LPS)作用下血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)分泌白细胞介素-6(IL-6)中的调节作用.方法 将体外培养的大鼠胸主动脉VSMC分为LPS刺激组、p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580干预组、SB203580对照组和溶液对照组.LPS组以终浓度100μg/L的LPS与VSMC共同孵育;干预组VSMC以p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580 10μmol/L预处理2 h,再加入终浓度100 9g/L的LPS共同孵育;对照组仅以SB203580 10 μmol/L预处理2 h;溶液组仅加入去血清培养液培养.各组于培养0、3、6、12、24 h后采用实时聚合酶链反应(real-time PCR)和酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)分别检测细胞IL-6 mRNA和上清液中IL-6蛋白表达.结果 LPS刺激3 h,VSMC中IL-6 mRNA和蛋白表达即出现明显增高CmRNA(21.3±3.2)×104,蛋白(296.2±19.6)ng/L],12 h达高峰CmRNA(131.4±11.2)×104,蛋白(897.7±34.0)ng/L],24 h有所降低[mRNA(15.3±4.7)×104,蛋白(194.3±24.0)ng/L],但仍显著高于溶液组(mRNA(9.4±1.9)×104,蛋白(29.4±4.4)ng/L,均P<0.05].干预组3、6、12 h可明显抑制LPS诱导VSMC中IL-6的分泌[mRNA(15.4±3.6)×104、(43.2±6.6)X 104、(56.2±5.5)×104,蛋白(180.3±23.6)、(432.2±56.8)、(546.2±57.9)ng/L,均P<0.05].结论 LPS诱导VSMC可明显增加IL-6的mRNA和蛋白表达,p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580可显著抑制IL-6转录和蛋白合成,表明p38MAPK信号转导通路可能通过直接或间接作用参与了IL-6的分泌调节作用.     

机械压力诱导人牙周膜成纤维细胞表达白细胞介素6与p38丝裂原激活蛋白激酶阻断剂的影响

背景:牙周膜细胞对于维持牙周组织的形态和功能起着关键作用,不良应力可能引起其合成过量炎症因子从而最终引起牙周组织破坏。目的:分析p38丝裂原激活蛋白在压力诱导人牙周膜成纤维细胞合成炎症因子白细胞介素6过程中所起的作用。设计:观察对比实验。单位:解放军第四军医大学口腔生理实验室。材料:牙周膜成纤维细胞:取自因正畸需要拔除的20颗健康恒前磨牙的12～16岁青少年牙根中1/3牙周膜组织。试剂和仪器:白细胞介素6ELISA试剂盒(第四军医大学免疫学教研室);酶联免疫检测仪(华东电子管厂);p38p38丝裂原激活蛋白阻断剂特异阻断剂SB203580(Biochemical公司生产,第一军医大学病理生理教研室姜勇教授惠赠)。方法:采用常规组织块法将牙周膜组织细胞进行原代培养至第4、5代,将细胞随机分为4组:加压对照组:不对细胞加压及预处理;加压组:以200kPa持续加压细胞,不加预处理;预处理对照组:细胞加压前1h上清中加入10g/L二甲基亚砜,加压方式、时间同加压组;预处理组:细胞加压前1h预处理,即在上清中加入p38丝裂原激活蛋白阻断剂的特异阻断剂SB203580,浓度为1μmol/L,加压方式、时间同加压组。各组分别在持续加压后16,24h采集标本,通过酶标记免疫吸附测定法测定不同时间点各组细胞中白细胞介素6表达量。主要观察指标:压力对人牙周膜成纤维细胞产生的白细胞介素6的量的影响结果及p38丝裂原激活蛋白阻断剂对压力诱导人牙周膜成纤维细胞产生的白细胞介素6量的影响结果。结果:加压组细胞经持续加压16,24h后的白细胞介素6表达量分别为(143.1±0.42),(49.46±1.01)ng/L,明显高于加压对照组[(18.36±0.43),(18.78±0.50)ng/L,P<0.05];预处理组经持续加压16,24h后的白细胞介素6表达量分别为(56.39±0.72),(21.52±1.39)ng/L明显低于预处理对照组[(137.96±0.54),(48.74±0.79)ng/L,P<0.05]。结论:p38丝裂原激活蛋白是机械压力诱导人牙周膜成纤维细胞产生白细胞介素6的重要环节。     

Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase blocks activation of rat pancreatic stellate cells

Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic fibrosis and inflammation. However, the signal transduction pathways in PSCs remain largely unknown. We examined the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in the activation of PSCs. PSCs were isolated from rat pancreas tissue and used in their culture-activated, myofibroblast-like phenotype. Activation of p38 MAP kinase was determined by Western blotting using anti-phosphospecific antibody. The effects of two p38 MAP kinase inhibitors, 4-(4-flurophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole (SB203580) and 4-(4-flurophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)1H-imidazole (SB202190), on the parameters of PSC activation, including proliferation, expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, alpha1(I) procollagen, and prolyl 4-hydroxylase (alpha) genes, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production were evaluated. Interleukin-1beta and platelet-derived growth factor-BB activated p38 MAP kinase. Platelet-derived growth factor-induced PSC proliferation was inhibited by SB203580 and SB202190. These reagents decreased alpha-smooth muscle actin protein expression, and alpha1(I) procollagen and prolyl 4-hydroxylase (alpha) mRNA levels. Treatment with these p38 MAP kinase inhibitors also resulted in inhibition of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression. In addition, SB203580 inhibited spontaneous activation of freshly isolated PSCs in culture on plastic. Thus, inhibition of p38 MAP kinase modulated profibrogenic and proinflammatory actions in PSCs, implying a potential application of p38 MAP kinase inhibitors for the treatment of pancreatic fibrosis and inflammation.     

Role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in lung injury after burn trauma

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of SB203580, a specific p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor, on burn-induced lung injury as well as the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta in rats to characterize the role of p38 MAP kinase in lung injury after burn trauma. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: 1) sham group, or rats who underwent sham burn; 2) control group, or rats given third-degree burns over 30% total body surface area (TBSA) and lactated Ringer solution for resuscitation; and 3) SB203580 group, or rats given burn injury and lactated Ringers solution with SB203580 inside for resuscitation. Pulmonary injury was assessed at 24 h by pulmonary capillary permeability determined with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled albumin and lung histologic analysis. TNF-alpha and IL-1beta protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and p38 MAP kinase was activity determined in lung by Western blot analysis. These studies showed that significant activation of p38 MAP kinase at 24 h postburn compared with control. Burn trauma resulted in increased pulmonary capillary leakage permeability, elevated levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum, and worsened histologic condition. SB203580 inhibited the activation of p38 MAP kinase, reduced the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, and prevented burn-mediated lung injury. These data suggest that p38 MAP kinase activation is one important aspect of the signaling event that may mediate the release of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and contributes to burn-induced lung injury.     

A p38 MAP kinase regulates the expression of the Aedes aegypti defensin gene in mosquito cells

An Aedes aegypti p38 (Aap38) mitogen-activated protein kinase was isolated and characterized in this study. The 1761 bp long full-length Aap38 cDNA encodes an open reading frame of 358 amino acids, exhibiting characteristics of Thr/Tyr dual kinase specificities. We showed that bacteria activate both the kinase activity of Aap38 and the expression of the Aedes aegypti defensin A (AaDefA) gene, which is inhibited by a p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 and dsRNA interference of Aap38. A similar result was obtained by a reporter construct containing the AaDefA regulatory region linked to Ds-Red. The lipopolysaccharide-activated reporter gene was inhibited by SB203580. In addition, Aap38 translocated to the nucleus after lipopolysaccharide induction. Our findings suggest that the p38 protein kinase pathway is involved in the antibacterial peptide synthesis in mosquitoes.     

Cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation by the p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 in rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells.

SB203580 [4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)1H-imidazole] is widely used as a specific inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Here we report that SB203580, which blocked p38 kinase activation elicited by anisomycin, increased the phosphorylation and activity of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and arachidonic acid (AA) release in quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells from rabbit aortae. SB203580 also increased the activity of calcium (Ca2+)/camodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and ERK1/2 MAPK. The increase in CaMKII activity and cPLA2 phosphorylation caused by SB203580 was attenuated by CaMKII inhibitor KN-93, indicating involvement of CaMKII in cPLA2 phosphorylation by this compound. Since KN-93 also inhibited SB203580-induced ERK1/2 activation, it appears that ERK1/2 activation is also mediated by CaMKII. SB203580-induced cPLA2 phosphorylation was inhibited by depletion of Ca2+ from the medium, by the voltage-operated Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine, and by the calmodulin inhibitor W-7. cPLA2 translocation from cytoplasm to the nuclear envelope caused by SB203580 was also inhibited in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Other p38 kinase inhibitors, SB202190 and PD169316, failed to alter CaMKII, ERK1/2, and cPLA2 activity or cPLA2 translocation to the nuclear envelope. These data suggest that SB203580 not only inhibits p38 kinase activity but also increases Ca2+ influx through voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels, which promotes cPLA2 translocation to the nuclear envelope, and by interacting with calmodulin, activates CaMKII and cPLA2 and releases AA.