褪黑素在鸡脊柱侧凸模型中的作用

目的应用松果体切除和持续光照来抑制褪黑素的分泌,验证褪黑素在鸡脊柱侧凸模型中的作用。方法刚孵育出的WhiteLeghorn鸡50只,随机分为三组。(1)10只作为对照,未行任何处理,在控制白天12h光照(光照度为500lx)、夜间12h完全黑暗(光照度为0～5lx)条件下饲养。(2)20只在出生后3d时行松果体切除术,抑制褪黑素的分泌,制造鸡脊柱侧凸模型。控制光照条件同对照组。(3)20只行持续光照(光照度为500lx),抑制褪黑素的分泌,达到“生理性松果体切除”的目的。(4)每月行X线检查,观察所有鸡脊柱的改变。(5)3个月时,留取所有鸡白天和夜间的静脉血,用ELISA试剂盒测定血清中褪黑素含量。结果(1)3个月时,对照组均无脊柱侧凸发生。松果体切除组中,术后第1个月X线检查时即发现4只鸡出现明显的脊柱侧凸,侧凸在随后的2个月中进行性加重。在2个月时共有7只鸡出现明显侧凸。3个月时,11只鸡发生侧凸,发生率为55%,Cobb角为11°～85°,平均30.63°。持续光照组3个月时仍无脊柱侧凸发生。(2)对照组血清褪黑素呈现明显的白天低(平均10.6pg/ml),夜间高(平均110.4pg/ml)的周期性变化;松果体切除组血清褪黑素白天平均为8.4pg/ml、夜间平均为6.9pg/ml,其白天低、夜间高周期性变化消失;持续光照组中,血清褪黑素平均为10.8pg/ml。松果体切除     

光照后鸡褪黑素变化与脊柱侧凸关系的实验研究

目的:通过强光照射抑制鸡褪黑素的分泌,诱导与人特发性脊柱侧凸相类似的脊柱侧凸畸形,以探讨褪黑素与特发性脊柱侧凸的关系。方法:30只1d龄雏鸡,置于24h持续强光照射的环境中,另外10只相同的小鸡置于普通光照环境中,光照时间为7Am至7Pm。从第2周开始,每周给小鸡摄脊柱片观察,另外在第4周2Am及2Pm时取静脉血用ELISA方法检测血清褪黑素水平,第6周时将小鸡处死。结果:①实验组实验结束时存活的25只中有7只出现了脊柱侧凸,发生率为(7/25)28%,Cobb角10°~14°;对照组鸡均未出现脊柱畸形。②4周时对照组鸡2Pm和2Am时血清褪黑素水平分别为51.02±3.74pg/ml和193.84±12.25pg/ml,表现出明显的昼低夜高的节律性分泌特征。③实验组鸡无论脊柱侧凸发生与否,2Am和2Pm时血清褪黑素水平分别为49.98±2.42pg/ml和50.60±3.15pg/ml,其节律性分泌特征消失。结论:昼夜持续强光照射可以抑制鸡褪黑素的分泌,使其丧失昼夜节律性分泌,并可诱导与人特发性脊柱侧凸相似的鸡脊柱侧凸畸形。     

腹腔注射褪黑素受体拮抗剂对鸡脊柱发育的影响

[目的]探讨鸡腹腔内注射褪黑素受体拮抗剂对鸡脊柱发育的影响.[方法]刚孵育出的国产绍兴小鸡45只,随机分为3组,每组15只.(1)对照组:在孵化3 d后控制白天12 h光照(光照度为500 lx)、夜间12 h完全黑暗(光照度为0～5 lx)条件下饲养.(2)手术组:在孵化后3 d时施行松果体切除术,光照条件同对照组.(3)拮抗剂组,在孵化3 d后,每天腹腔注射褪黑素受体拮抗剂30 mg/kg,光照条件同对照组.[结果]3个月时对照组及拮抗剂组未发生脊柱侧凸,手术组共有7只小鸡发生了脊柱侧凸.[结论]松果体切除可以减少褪黑素的分泌,并诱导部分鸡发生脊柱侧凸.给予褪黑素MELl-a受体的拮抗剂Luzindole阻止褪黑素的作用并不能产生实验性脊柱侧凸.     

褪黑素在特发性脊柱侧凸发病中作用的研究进展

近年来,学者们对褪黑素在特发性脊柱侧凸发病中的作用进行了全面深入的研究,取得了不少令人鼓舞的成就,也出现了不少的争论。笔者就此作一综述。1松果体切除与褪黑素及脊柱侧凸的关系松果体切除术可以造成鸡脊柱侧凸模型,但很多研究显示并不是所有进行松果体切除的动物一定会发生脊柱侧凸。Machida等[1]报道切除松果体的小鸡均发展成脊柱侧凸,而其他学者报道发生率为48%~70%。Machida认为,这种差异是由于术后观察时间不同造成的。不管怎样,鸡松果体切除后可产生脊柱侧凸是一个实验事实。由于松果体的基本功能是产生褪黑素,因此,学者们认为…     

肝癌合并肝硬化患者肝癌切除后机体免疫状态的变化

目的探讨肝癌合并肝硬化患者癌灶切除前后机体免疫状态的变化。方法以肝硬化患者为对照组 ,采用流式细胞技术 (FCM)及ELISA方法分析 18例中晚期肝癌合并肝硬化患者癌灶切除前后外周血T细胞亚群CD4、CD8、CD4 /CD8及Th1/Th2细胞因子IFN γ、IL2、IL10蛋白水平的变化。结果　肝癌切除术后CD4 (33± 3) %、CD4 /CD8(1 1± 0 1)、IL2 (71± 11)pg/ml、IFN γ(90± 15 )pg/ml回升 ,高于术前水平〔CD4 (2 9± 4 ) %、CD4 /CD8(0 9± 0 3)、IL2 (5 7± 15 )pg/ml、IFN γ(78± 13)pg/ml〕 ,但仍低于肝硬化组〔CD4 (37± 4 ) %、CD4 /CD8(1 3± 0 2 )、IL2 (82± 15 )pg/ml、IFN γ(10 4± 2 2 )pg/ml〕(P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 ) ;CD8(32± 3) %、IL10 (70± 9)pg/ml下降 ,低于术前〔CD8(35± 6 ) %、IL10(81± 15 )pg/ml〕水平但高于肝硬化组〔CD8(2 9± 2 ) %、IL10 (6 1± 10 )pg/ml〕(P <0 0 5 )。结论　癌灶切除后 ,机体免疫功能有明显改善。但仍未恢复到肝硬化患者的水平。     

不同剂量褪黑素对松果体切除鸡脊柱侧凸发生率的影响

目的探讨不同剂量褪黑素在切除松果体鸡脊柱侧凸产生中的作用,阐明脊柱侧凸的发生率与给药方式及给药剂量的关系。方法刚孵化的雌性国产绍兴鸡50只,随机分为5组,每组10只。孵化后第3d行松果体切除术。(1)10只作为对照,在控制白天12h光照(光照度为500lx)、夜间12h完全黑暗(光照度为0～5lx)条件下饲养;(2)其余40只分为4组,每组10只,即M-5、M-10、M-20及M-40组,每天分别腹腔注射5mg/kg、10mg/kg、20mg/kg与40mg/kg的褪黑素制剂,控制光照条件同对照组。3个月后对所有动物行X线检查,观察脊柱的变化。结果3个月时共有25只发生了的脊柱侧凸。对照组、M-5、M-10、M-20以及M-40组中脊柱侧凸的发病数分别为6只(66.7%)、5只(50.0%)、5只(62.5%)、4只(50.0%)和5只(50.0%)。平均Cobb角为26.7°、23.5°、21.7°、24.5°和23.2°。M-5、M-10、M-20、M-40与对照组在脊柱侧凸的发生率和平均Cobb角上无明显差异。结论给予不同剂量的褪黑素并不能降低切除松果体鸡脊柱侧凸的发生率和侧凸的严重程度。     

肝细胞癌合并肝硬化患者肝脾联合切除术后免疫功能变化的研究

目的　探讨肝细胞癌合并肝硬化患者肝癌切除时联合脾切除术后免疫功能的变化。方法　将 16例肝癌合并肝硬化患者分成 2组 ,即肝癌切除联合脾切除组 ( 7例 )和单纯肝癌切除组 ( 9例 ) ,于术前、术后 2个月取外周血 7ml,采用流式细胞仪检测CD4、CD8、CD4 /CD8,ELISA法检测IL 2、IFN γ、IL 10。　结果　 2组患者术前CD4、CD8、CD4 /CD8、IL 2、IFN γ、IL 10水平差异无显著性 ;术后 2个月 ,切脾组CD4 ( 3 8 2 %± 3 7% )、CD4 /CD8( 1 7%± 0 3 % )高于保脾组CD4 ( 3 2 5 %± 4 0 % )、CD4 /CD8( 1 1%± 0 1% ) ,而CD8( 2 3 7%± 3 7% )低于保脾组CD8( 2 9 4 %± 4 0 % ) (P <0 0 5 ) ;切脾组IFN γ[( 10 4 4± 14 9)pg/ml]、IL 2 [( 98 6± 18 6)pg/ml]高于保脾组 [IFN γ( 70 5± 12 6)pg/ml、IL 2 ( 80 9± 13 5 )pg/ml],而IL 10 [( 5 5 5± 11 2 )pg/ml]低于保脾组 [IL 10 ( 89 4± 10 )pg/ml](P <0 0 5 )。　结论肝癌切除时联合脾切除不但没有降低机体T细胞亚群和Th细胞的平衡 ,反而促进其恢复平衡 ,并改善机体抗肿瘤免疫功能     

复方中药对肝硬化大鼠肝组织内皮素-1mRNA表达的影响

目的　研究复方中药对肝硬化大鼠血浆及肝组织内皮素 1(endothelin 1,ET 1)和肝组织ET 1mRNA表达的影响。方法　采用放射免疫法测定血浆和肝组织ET 1水平 ,逆转录多聚酶链反应 (RT PCR)测定大鼠肝组织ET 1mRNA表达水平。结果　模型组血浆 (171 99± 2 7 86pg/ml)和肝组织ET 1(80 4 8± 2 1 4 5 pg/ml)较对照组 (114 33± 17 34pg/ml,5 3 2 5± 13 6 4pg/ml,P <0 0 5 )均显著升高 ,肝组织ET 1mRNA表达也较对照组 (0 4 6 74± 0 10 4 5vs.0 14 13± 0 0 2 97,P <0 0 5 )显著升高。治疗组血浆ET 1(12 9 80± 13 15 pg/ml)和肝组织ET 1mRNA表达 (0 30 4 0±0 0 813)均显著低于模型组 (171 99± 2 7 86 pg/ml,0 4 6 74± 0 10 4 5 ,P <0 0 5 )。而治疗组肝组织ET 1(77 36± 18 2 7pg/ml)与模型组 (80 4 8± 2 1 4 5 pg/ml)相比无显著差异。 结论　复方中药能显著降低肝硬化大鼠肝组织ET 1mRNA的表达及血浆ET 1水平。     

特发性脊柱侧凸双侧椎旁肌褪黑素受体含量的差异性比较研究

目的研究特发性脊柱侧凸椎旁肌中褪黑素受体含量的变化,并探讨其与特发性脊柱侧凸病因学的关系。方法本实验共分3组:特发性脊柱侧凸组:20例,平均Cobb角56°±16°,顶椎位于T6-11。其中Cobb角>50°10例,Cobb角≤50°10例。先天性脊柱侧凸组:12例,平均Cobb角59°±33°,顶椎位于T7-12。对照组:取10例非脊柱侧凸病例作为对照。采用RT-PCR方法检测所有病例两侧椎旁肌中褪黑素受体两种亚型MT1、MT2mRNA的表达量。结果特发性脊柱侧凸和先天性脊柱侧凸组顶椎区凹侧椎旁肌MT2mRNA的表达量明显小于凸侧(P<0·05),MT1mRNA的表达量两侧无显著差异(P>0·05)。特发性脊柱侧凸组中Cobb角>50°的病例顶椎区凹凸侧椎旁肌MT2mRNA表达量的比值与Cobb角≤50°的病例无显著差异(P>0·05)。对照组两侧椎旁肌MT1、MT2mRNA的表达量无显著差异(P>0·05)。结论特发性脊柱侧凸患者两侧椎旁肌MT2mRNA的表达量存在差异,这种差异可能为继发性改变,在特发性脊柱侧凸的发病中不起主要作用。     

精浆肿瘤坏死因子α和表皮生长因子测定的意义

本文用酶联免疫法测定正常对照、慢性前列腺炎及输精管结扎者 (VSM )精浆中TNF α和EGF含量。结果发现精浆EGF浓度在VSM组、正常对照组及慢性前列腺炎组中呈递增趋势 (1188.77± 10 8.89pg/ml,12 0 7.2 5± 12 5 .5 3pg/ml,12 2 9.2 5± 73.88pg/ml) ,但无统计学意义。精浆中TNF α浓度在VSM组和正常对照组(6 .2 3± 2 .75 pg/ml,6 .87± 2 .5 7pg/ml)明显低于慢性前列腺炎组 (17.31± 8.0 8pg/ml)。提示对精浆中TNF α测定有望成为临床上对慢性前列腺炎评价的指标     

Pinealectomy in the chicken: a good model of scoliosis?

The phenomenon of spinal deformity in the pinealectomized chicken has led researchers to postulate a disturbance of melatonin activity as a potential cause of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). More recently, structural differences between curves seen in this model and those seen in scoliosis have been highlighted suggesting the deformities observed are not as similar as first thought. We examined melatonin levels, and the radiological and histological characteristics of scoliosis after pinealectomy in chickens. They underwent pinealectomy (P) at 2 days of age, sham surgery (S) or served as controls (C). Mean melatonin levels were 32.9 pmol/L (P), 175 pmol/L (S) and 227.3 pmol/L (C). Scoliosis developed in 75% of chickens after pinealectomy and 38% after a sham procedure. Nineteen percent of unoperated controls also developed scoliosis. A lower melatonin level was associated with the development of scoliosis (p ≤ 0.001), but exceptions were seen with levels up to 265 pmol/L observed in one case. Most of the curves occurring spontaneously and after sham surgery and almost half after pinealectomy were short angular curves: distinct from those resembling idiopathic scoliosis. These occur over one or two segments and are characterized by marked apical wedging, frequently associated with subluxation or dislocation. The intervertebral joint in the chicken is more like a synovial joint histologically than an intervertebral disc. This study highlights important differences between the chicken and the human, and between their respective spinal deformities. Caution is advised when drawing conclusions regarding the pathogenesis of AIS from this model.     

Scoliose idiopathique de l'adolescence : la mélatonine est-elle en cause ?

Background. Although the cause of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis remains unclear, pinealectomy is followed by the development of scoliosis in chickens. Melatonin is the only hormone secreted by pineal gland. Objective. To assess serum melatonin levels in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Methods. Serum melatonin was assayed once, at 12:00 AM, in each of 20 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and 10 age-matched siblings. In the patient group, mean age was 14.3 years and the mean Cobb angle was 54.5° (range 20°–110°). Mean age in the control group was 14 years. Results. Serum melatonin was significantly lower in the patients (mean, 7.7 pg/mL; range, 4 to 13 pg/mL) than in the controls (mean, 29.9 pg/mL; range, 19.3 to 46 pg/mL) (P<0.00001). The 12 surgically treated patients had a mean melatonin level of 8.1 pg/ml, versus 7.2 pg/mL in the eight other patients (nonsignificant P and regression coefficient values). Serum melatonin was not significantly correlated with the Cobb's angle (regression coefficient, 0.18; P<0.44). Conclusion. Our data suggest that serum melatonin levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis.     

The effects of melatonin therapy on the development of scoliosis after pinealectomy in the chicken

The mechanism underlying the development of scoliosis after pinealectomy in young chickens is unknown. However, since the main product of the pineal gland is melatonin, melatonin remains an obvious focus in studies designed to discover this mechanism. One confounding factor is that serum melatonin levels are close to zero after pinealectomy but scoliosis does not develop in all chickens that have had this procedure. Therefore, the role of melatonin in the development of scoliosis in chickens after pinealectomy remains controversial. In the current investigation, two pilot studies demonstrated that a physiological therapeutic dose of melatonin (2.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) restored the circadian rhythm of melatonin, as measured by serum assay. In the main study, this dose was administered daily starting either immediately after the pinealectomy or two weeks after it, when scoliosis had developed. Scoliosis was assessed on weekly radiographs, and the Cobb angle was determined for all chickens in which scoliosis developed. Overall, scoliosis developed in only 56 percent (fifty) of the eighty-nine chickens that had had a pinealectomy; this rate was consistent throughout all experimental groups. Scoliosis did not develop in any of the control chickens, which did not have a pinealectomy. On the basis of the average Cobb angles in the chickens in which scoliosis had developed, it was determined that neither the prevalence nor the pattern of the scoliosis was affected by the therapy in any of the experimental groups. It was thus concluded that melatonin therapy after pinealectomy in young chickens has no effect on the development or progression of scoliosis. These results raise doubts regarding the role of melatonin in the development of scoliosis after pinealectomy in the young chicken.     

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Is low melatonin a cause?

BACKGROUND: Although the cause of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis remains unclear, pinealectomy is followed by the development of scoliosis in chickens. Melatonin is the only hormone secreted by pineal gland. OBJECTIVE: To assess serum melatonin levels in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. METHODS: Serum melatonin was assayed once, at 12:00 hours, in each of 20 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and 10 age-matched siblings. In the patient group, mean age was 14.3 years and the mean Cobb angle was 54.5 degrees (range, 20 degrees-110 degrees). Mean age in the control group was 14 years. RESULTS: Serum melatonin was significantly lower in the patients (mean, 7.7 pg/mL; range, 4 to 13 pg/mL) than in the controls (mean, 29.9 pg/mL; range, 19.3 to 46 pg/mL) (P < 0.00001). The 12 surgically treated patients had a mean melatonin level of 8.1 pg/mL, versus 7.2 pg/mL in the eight other patients (nonsignificant P and regression coefficient values). Serum melatonin was not significantly correlated with the Cobb's angle (regression coefficient, 0.18; P < 0.44). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that serum melatonin levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis.     

The critical stage of pinealectomy surgery after which scoliosis is produced in young chickens

STUDY DESIGN: Stages of the surgical procedure for pinealectomy in chickens were identified. Groups of chickens were selected for each stage. Scoliosis development was identified from radiographs. OBJECTIVES: To determine the critical stage of surgery for pinealectomy after which scoliosis develops in young chickens. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Pinealectomy in young chickens consistently produces scoliosis in young chickens that has many characteristics similar to those seen in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unknown. METHODS: Five distinct stages in the pinealectomy surgery were identified. Groups of chickens were selected to undergo surgery to represent these five stages. Scoliosis was determined from weekly radiographs. RESULTS: Cutting the pineal stalk was identified as the critical stage in the surgery after which scoliosis developed. The incidence of scoliosis did not increase after more extensive surgery in which the pineal bulb was removed from the skull. This stage was also correlated with a significant reduction of serum melatonin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Cutting the pineal stalk was identified as the critical stage of pinealectomy surgery after which scoliosis may develop. This stage was also correlated with the significant reduction of average serum melatonin levels. These results allow the focus of attention into the mechanism behind this phenomenon to center on the consequences of cutting the pineal stalk rather than total removal of the pineal gland.     

Pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis. Experimental study in rats.

STUDY DESIGN: A radiographic examination of pinealectomized rats to observe the development of scoliosis and halt the condition by administration of melatonin. OBJECTIVES: To discover whether pinealectomy has the same effect in mammals as shown in the chicken, and to determine whether the bipedal condition is important for development of scoliosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Pinealectomizing chickens shortly after hatching consistently resulted in scoliosis closely resembling human idiopathic scoliosis. It has not been determined whether this phenomenon is restricted solely to chickens, or if this experimental model is applicable to other animals, especially those more closely related to humans. METHODS: A sham operation in five bipedal rats served as the control in this study. Pinealectomy was performed in 10 quadrupedal rats, pinealectomy in 20 bipedal rats, and pinealectomy with implantation of melatonin pellet in 10 bipedal rats. Spinal radiographs were used to measure the degree of scoliosis at 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: Scoliosis developed only in pinealectomized bipedal rats and not in quadrupedal rats. It developed in none of the sham operation group and in only 1 of 10 pinealectomized bipedal rats with melatonin treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Melatonin deficiency secondary to pinealectomy alone does not produce scoliosis if the quadrupedal condition is maintained. The bipedal condition, such as that in chickens or humans, plays an important role in the development of scoliosis. The findings suggest a critical influence of a postural mechanism for the development of scoliosis.     

Melatonin and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Scoliosis seen in the chicken after pinealectomy resembles adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in man. It has been suggested that in both species, deficiency of the pineal hormone, melatonin, is responsible for this phenomenon. In nine patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and in ten age- and gender-matched controls, the circadian levels of serum melatonin and the excretion of urinary 6-hydroxy-melatonin-sulphate, the principal metabolite of melatonin, were determined. There were no statistically significant differences in the secretion of serum melatonin or the excretion of urinary 6-hydroxy-melatonin-sulphate between the patients and the control group. The hypothesis of melatonin deficiency as a causative factor in the aetiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis cannot be supported by our data.     

Pineal transplantation after pinealectomy in young chickens has no effect on the development of scoliosis

STUDY DESIGN: Three experimental groups and one control group of chickens underwent different surgical procedures to determine the effects of pineal gland transplantation on the development of scoliosis. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether transplantation of the pineal gland to the body wall musculature maintains serum melatonin levels at normal values and prevents the development of scoliosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Scoliosis occurs consistently after pinealectomy in young chickens. Many characteristics of this scoliosis are similar to those seen in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. It is not clear whether the underlying mechanism is dependent on reduced levels of serum melatonin or some other aspect of the extensive surgery. METHODS: Four groups of chickens were selected: normal chickens, pinealectomized chickens, chickens that underwent simple cutting of the pineal stalk, and chickens that underwent transplantation of the pineal gland into the body wall. Development of scoliosis was determined from measurement of the Cobb angle from weekly radiographs. RESULTS: All of the experimental groups showed the same levels of incidence and the same patterns of scoliosis development. Serum melatonin levels were reduced to nearly zero in all the experimental groups for the duration of the experiment. Scoliosis developed in none of the normal chickens. CONCLUSIONS: Neither transplantation of the pineal gland into the body wall musculature nor simple cutting of the pineal stalk was able to maintain normal levels of serum melatonin because both procedures reduced levels to nearly zero. The incidence and pattern of scoliosis development in these groups were the same as those for the pinealectomized group. Reduction of serum melatonin levels remains a prerequisite for scoliosis development in young chickens.     

斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术联合后路导航长节段内固定治疗退行性脊柱侧凸

目的：观察斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术（oblique lumbar interbody fusion,OLIF）联合后路O形臂CT导航长节段内固定治疗退行性脊柱侧凸的早期临床疗效。方法：对2016年4月至2017年12月接受OLIF联合后路O形臂CT导航长节段内固定手术治疗的15例退行性脊柱侧凸患者进行回顾性分析,其中男3例,女12例;年龄55~73（62.2±5.3）岁。记录患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中椎弓根螺钉优良率及并发症情况;于术前、术后1周及末次随访时采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）和Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry Disability Index,ODI）分别对患者的临床症状进行评估;同期行脊柱全长站立位X线片,术后6个月行腰椎CT检查,观察冠状位侧凸Cobb角,腰椎前凸角（lumbar lordosis,LL）,椎间隙高度,矢状面平衡（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）,椎间融合等情况。结果：患者OLIF手术时间（98.7±16.8）min,术中出血量（50.2±10.7）ml。后路O形臂CT导航长节段内固定手术时间（101.5±23.4）min,术中出血量（63.1±19.7）ml。总手术时间（200.2±40.2）min,术中出血量（113.3±30.4）ml。术后15例患者均获随访,时间12~25（16.5±5.3）个月。腰痛VAS评分、下肢痛VAS评分及ODI分别由术前的（6.8±1.6）分、（6.2±1.1）分和（64.6±10.4）%降低至末次随访时的（1.4±1.0）分、（1.0±0.5）分和（15.8±4.5）%,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。冠状位侧凸Cobb角和SVA分别由术前的（20.3±13.5）°、（42.3±16.5）mm降低至末次随访时的（5.5±3.1）°、（25.1±10.9）mm,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。LL和椎间隙高度由术前的（25.8±8.2）°、（5.9±2.7）mm提升至末次随访时的（39.3±9.1）°、（10.9±1.2）mm,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。O形臂CT导航置钉240枚,术中O形臂三维扫描优良率为96%（230/240）。术后6个月腰椎CT显示椎间融合器均骨性融合。1例患者术后出现左大腿前内侧疼痛,2例患者术后出现短暂的左侧屈髋无力,均在随后的随访中恢复。结论：斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术联合后路O形臂CT导航长节段内固定治疗退行性脊柱侧凸的早期临床疗效满意,具有微创、导航置钉准确、骨融合率高及并发症少等优点,可为退行性脊柱侧凸的微创治疗提供新的选择。     

Effect of single dose intravenous tranexamic acid on blood loss in tangential excision of burn wounds — A double blind randomised controlled trial

IntroductionThis study was carried out to evaluate role of intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing blood loss during tangential excision of burns.MethodsThis was a single center, prospective double-blinded parallel arm superiority randomized placebo-controlled trial. Patients (15?55 years) with deep dermal thermal burns <30% undergoing tangential excision were randomly assigned (1:1) to TXA and placebo groups. Patients in TXA and placebo groups received injection TXA 15 mg/kg and 10 ml saline respectively, 10 min preoperatively. Primary outcome was volume of blood loss per square centimeter area of burn excised. Secondary outcomes were total volume of blood loss, postoperative hemoglobin, intraoperative fluid requirement, blood transfusion, graft take and length of hospitalization (LOH).ResultsThirty patients were included. Both groups were comparable in terms of Body Mass Index (BMI) preoperative hemoglobin, area of burn excised, duration of surgery and the intraoperative temperature. The average blood loss per square centimeter burn area excised was found to be significantly lower in TXA when compared to placebo group (mean difference: 0.28 ± 0.025 ml/cm²; p = 0.000). The total volume of blood loss was lower in TXA group (258.7 ± 124.10 ml vs 388.1 ± 173.9 ml; p = 0.07). None of the patients required transfusion. The requirement of intra-operative fluids was similar between the two groups (crystalloids: p = 0.236; colloids: p = 0.238). Postoperative hemoglobin, length of hospitalization and graft-take were comparable between the two groups.ConclusionTXA reduced blood loss per unit burn area of tangential excision in <30%TBSA burn, however, we found no significant effect on postoperative Hb and transfusion.