后路360°植骨融合椎弓根钉棒系统内固定置入治疗腰椎椎体滑脱症48例

回顾性分析2006-02/2007-10应用后路椎弓根钉棒系统复位内固定、椎间Cage植骨及后外侧植骨360°融合治疗腰椎椎体滑脱症患者48例,其中单节段融合30例,二节段融合10例,三节段融合8例。置入前、置入后3d及最终随访时常规摄腰椎正、侧、双斜位片及过伸过屈侧位X射线平片;并分别测量滑移率、滑移复位率和植骨融合率;根据下腰痛JOA评分标准计算其恢复率。全部患者均获随访,结果显示恢复率为71.2%,滑移复位率为91%,植骨融合率为100%。X射线平片示滑移椎均全部复位,所有患者均未出现切口感染及局部炎症反应、排异反应等宿主反应,腰椎融合后,腰部伸屈功能部分受限。提示后路椎间360°植骨融合、椎弓根钉棒系统内固定可有效提高滑脱椎体复位及融合,改善患者临床症状。     

后路360°植骨融合椎弓根钉棒系统内固定置入治疗腰椎椎体滑脱症48例

回顾性分析2006-02/2007-10应用后路椎弓根钉棒系统复位内固定、椎间Cage植骨及后外侧植骨360°融合治疗腰椎椎体滑脱症患者48例,其中单节段融合30例,二节段融合10例,三节段融合8例。置入前、置入后3d及最终随访时常规摄腰椎正、侧、双斜位片及过伸过屈侧位X射线平片;并分别测量滑移率、滑移复位率和植骨融合率;根据下腰痛JOA评分标准计算其恢复率。全部患者均获随访,结果显示恢复率为71.2%,滑移复位率为91%,植骨融合率为100%。X射线平片示滑移椎均全部复位,所有患者均未出现切口感染及局部炎症反应、排异反应等宿主反应,腰椎融合后,腰部伸屈功能部分受限。提示后路椎间360°植骨融合、椎弓根钉棒系统内固定可有效提高滑脱椎体复位及融合,改善患者临床症状。     

滑脱腰椎椎体间接触面积变化规律在临床应用中的价值

背景：腰椎滑脱直接导致滑脱椎体与下位椎体间接触面积的减少,滑脱椎体间接触面积是决定椎间应力和腰椎退变的重要因素。腰椎椎体截面是不规则的肾形,没有成熟的数学公式可以直接计算出椎体间接触面积的变化规律。目的：观察腰椎滑脱时椎体间接触面积的变化规律,并分析其临床意义。方法：采集 25 套 L4椎体下表面和 L5椎体上表面的图像,在二维平面上均分为 14 步模拟腰椎滑脱过程,Image-ProPlus 软件计算每一滑脱点（n）椎体间重叠面积 Sn,取平均值后再换算成百分面积,Sn%=Sn/S×100%,观察 0～100%滑移时椎体间接触面积的变化规律。根据此规律提出新的腰椎滑脱临床分期,并应用其指导治疗 56 例腰椎滑脱患者。结果与结论：腰椎滑脱过程中,Sn%的变化是一个双曲线：滑脱率 0～23%阶段,Sn%降低较缓慢;23%～44%阶段,Sn%的变化明显加快;44%～100%阶段,Sn%的变化再次变缓,拐点分别出现在一维滑脱率的（23±2）%和（44±2）%处。48例腰椎滑脱患者获得随访,临床疗效按 Staufee 标准优良率达 90%左右。提示腰椎滑脱时椎体间接触面积的变化是非线性的,有助于腰椎稳定性评估并指导腰椎滑脱的临床治疗。     

原位及复位融合腰椎滑脱的三维有限元分析

背景：由于脊柱结构复杂,对复位或原位融合后融合的腰椎节段应力分布变化特点的精确生物力学分析一直是个难点。目的：通过建立b5节段退变性滑脱原位椎间融合椎弓根钉内固定和复位椎间融合椎弓根钉内固定的三维有限元模型来比较腰椎滑脱原位融合和复位融合两种手术方式在各种载荷下的生物力学变化及其对腰椎稳定的影响。方法：根据健康成年男性的下腰椎CT数据,利用mimics,Catia和Patran,Marc等软件建立起b5节段的三维有限元模型,利用此模型模拟退变性腰椎滑脱,在此基础上建立L4／5节段原位椎间融合椎弓根钉内固定和复位椎间融合内固定模型,分析两模型在各种载荷下的应力分布特点,并比较异同。结果与结论：L舶节段退变性滑脱原位椎间融合椎弓根钉内固定和复位椎间融合椎弓根钉内固定三维有限元模型在前屈后伸侧屈旋转负荷下,该节段各部结构,包括椎体,椎弓根钉内固定器和椎问融合器上的应力变化没有显著差异。两模型都显示椎间融合器和椎弓根螺钉内固定器上分布的应力最大。结果表明退变性腰椎滑脱,行原位椎间融合内固定和复位椎间融合内固定后,复位与否对该节段生物力学没有显著影响。     

椎体间融合内固定治疗腰椎滑脱症:脊柱-骨盆参数的变化

背景:脊柱-骨盆参数的异常与腰椎椎体滑脱症的发生、进展密切相关。目的:探讨腰椎椎体滑脱症患者内固定治疗后脊柱-骨盆参数的变化及临床意义。方法:行腰椎椎体滑脱症后路腰椎椎体间融合内固定治疗且有完整随访资料的患者共60例,测量分析所有患者内固定前后X射线平片的腰椎前凸、骨盆投射角、骶骨倾斜角和骨盆倾斜角、矢状面平衡、椎体滑脱度、椎体滑脱角和椎间盘高度。将上述参数植入前后测量结果进行配对t检验比较,并对相关参数指标进行相关分析。结果与结论:植入前后滑脱度、滑脱角、椎间盘高度、腰椎前凸、骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角及矢状面平衡比较,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.01)。椎间盘高度的恢复与腰椎前凸、骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角、滑脱度及滑脱角的变化存在明显的线性相关,腰椎前凸的变化与滑脱角、滑脱度、骨盆倾斜角及骶骨倾斜角的变化存在线性相关。说明后路腰椎椎间融合内固定能够显著地改善腰椎椎体滑脱症患者的骶骨倾斜角、骨盆倾斜角、腰椎前凸及矢状面平衡;运用后路腰椎椎间融合内固定治疗腰椎椎体滑脱症患者,必须考虑不同骨盆投射角下的骨盆代偿模式,个体化地重建椎间盘高度。     

胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折后椎体假关节的5种体位X射线侧位平片特点

背景：许多临床研究阐述了胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折后应用常规侧位片来评定是否有假关节形成,作者所查应用仰卧或（和）俯卧侧位X射线片来诊断椎体真空征的文献较少。目的：观察胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折后椎体假关节的5种体位X射线侧位平片的特点。设计、时间及地点：回顾性病例分析,2002-03/2006-04日本琦玉医科大学医院骨科住院患者。对象：共收治胸、腰椎压缩性骨折患者31例,其中出现椎体假关节患者11例,男2例,女9例;年龄65-83岁,平均74.5岁;累及病变椎体：T113例;T127例;L31例。方法：所有患者均观察测量其站立位（中立位、过屈位、过伸位）、仰卧位、俯卧位5种位置的侧位X射线平片,均由1名脊柱外科副教授每隔2周连续测量3次。主要观察指标：①病变椎体前高度。②病变椎体后突角。③椎体真空征的计数。结果：①俯卧位、仰卧位X射线平片上椎体前高度和病变椎体后突角与直立侧位、过屈位、过伸位比较,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）,直立侧位、过屈位、过伸位3组之间差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。②在直立侧位及过屈侧位X射线平片上,11例患者均未出现椎体真空征,过伸侧位上出现4例（36%）,俯卧位及仰卧位均出现椎体真空征（100%）。结论：仰卧、俯卧侧位X射线片能更为精确的显示胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折后椎体假关节的存在。     

椎弓根螺钉系统加椎间Cage融合治疗腰椎滑脱症68例分析

2003-05/2006-05我们应用椎弓根螺钉系统加椎间C age融合治疗腰椎滑脱症68例,分析如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组男25例,女43例,年龄38~65(平均53.6)岁。病程4个月~6 a,平均23个月。本组均有不同程度顽固性腰痛。其中45例伴有下肢放射痛,43例伴有间歇性跛行,18例伴有下肢肌力减退,27例伴有下肢痛觉减退,3例伴有大小便功能障碍。本组均行腰椎正侧位,左右斜位X线片及CT M R I检查,其中峡部裂性滑脱60例,发育不良性滑脱3例,外伤性滑脱5例。滑脱节段:L4529例;L5S139例。滑脱程度(按M eyend ing分型)I度26例;II度42例。所有病例均经3~6个月保守治疗无效而施行手术治疗。1.2方法气管插管麻醉后俯卧位,后正中切口,显露滑脱节段椎板及关节突,分别在滑脱椎体双侧椎弓根置入提拉螺钉,在下位椎体椎弓根置入U形固定钉,合并峡部裂时先整块切除滑脱节段椎体游离后弓,再打钉。放置双侧纵杆适当撑开,双侧交替缓慢提拉复位。透视复位良好后,行彻底减压,切除滑脱节段棘突椎板及峡部增生纤维组织,增生的黄韧带及肥大的关节突。必要时切除下关节突使神经根充分松弛。用椎间绞刀和刮...     

Ouroboros椎间融合系统应用于腰椎滑脱症的临床疗效分析

目的评价Ouroboros椎间融合系统在腰椎滑脱症患者手术治疗中的临床疗效.方法回顾性分析2008年6月到2009年7月我院应用Ouroboros椎间融合系统和椎弓根螺钉内固定系统治疗17例腰椎滑脱症患者,男5例,女12例,对所有病例进行1~2年随访和影像学检查,对椎间隙高度、滑脱角、滑脱率、Oswestly功能障碍评分进行测量和评估,并观察术后椎间融合情况.结果17例腰椎滑脱症患者全部达到复位或基本复位.随访患者腰椎正侧位X线片显示椎间高度、复位无明显丢失,未出现椎弓根螺钉松动、断裂情况.腰椎CT显示椎间融合满意,末次随访融合率为100%.临床疗效：治愈13例、有效4例.结论采用充分减压,椎弓根螺钉内固定和Ouroboros椎间融合系统治疗腰椎滑脱症复位效果满意,临床症状改善明显,融合率高,疗效好.     

双侧TLIF技术治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的:探讨双侧经椎间孔椎间融合术(TLIF)技术治疗腰椎节段性滑脱的临床疗效及手术经验。方法:选择2013年6月~2015年11月67例腰椎滑脱患者,行双侧TLIF减压与钉棒内固定术,并进行分析。评价标准:视觉模拟评价法(VAS),功能障碍指数(ODI)评分,影像学观察滑脱角、椎间隙高度、椎体滑移距离及手术用时、出血量、并发症情况。结果:所有患者均顺利完成手术,随访3~11个月,2例拒绝接受随访,2例随访中失去联系。滑脱角、椎体滑移距离、椎间隙高度均恢复良好,融合情况可。VAS评分:术前(8.59±0.91)分,术后1周(1.62±0.79)分,末次随访(1.09±0.49)分;ODI评分:术前(48.6±5.6)分,术后1周(13.5±2.3)分,末次随访(11.8±2.6)分。手术前后差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:双侧TLIF对腰椎滑脱的治疗效果明显,对于恢复腰椎的稳定、缓解疼痛、功能改善是安全、可行、有效的。     

RFⅡ系统复位固定加椎间植骨治疗腰椎滑脱症48例分析

目的：评价RFⅡ系统加椎间植骨治疗腰椎滑脱的疗效。方法：对我院收治的48例腰椎滑脱患者RFⅡ系统作滑脱复位后椎间植骨治疗。随访时观察患者术前、术后的腰椎止侧位X线片，了解复位率，椎间隙高度。结果：全部病例随访6个月～2a，平均8个月。优良率达89．6％。结论：RFⅡ系统和椎间植骨治疗腰椎滑脱，疗效肯定。     

Spondylolisthésis de l’enfant : les notions de base

The word “spondylolisthesis” comes from “spondyl”, “vertebra” and “olisthesis”, “slip”. The Belgian obstetrician Herbinaux first described it in 1782. But Killian was first to use the term “spondylolisthesis”, in 1854. This bone defect consists either of an elongated isthmus (20%), or an isthmic lysis (80%). Grade 1 L5-S1 slips are the most common. In 90% of cases there are no symptoms. It occurs more frequently in people who often take part in sports. The most affected ethnic group are Eskimos from northern Greenland. The prognosis depends on the size of the lumbosacral kyphosis (measured by Boxall’s angle).     

Differences of lumbosacral kinematics between degenerative and induced spondylolisthetic spine

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differences of lumbosacral kinematics between degenerative and induced spondylolisthetic subjects. DESIGN: Translations and angulations of spondylolisthetic spine from L1-L2 to L5-S1 were documented by taking X-ray films at flexion, standing and extension positions. BACKGROUND: The unstable mechanism of spondylolisthesis leads to lower back pain. It is important to determine the kinematics and the process of spondylolisthesis. METHODS: Nineteen subjects with spondylolisthesis participated in this research, seven subjects with diagnosis of degenerative and 12 with induced spondylolisthesis, were taken lateral radiographs at three positions including flexion, standing and extension. RESULTS: The differences of angulation among three positions (flexion, standing, and extension) at different levels were statistically significant (P<0.05) in both spondylolisthetic groups. The differences of translation among three different positions in induced spondylolisthetic group had a statistical significance (P<0.05) except at the level of L5-S1 (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Segmental total translation and angulation at each level of induced spondylolisthetic spine were greater than those of degenerative spondylolisthetic spine except L5-S1 level, which illustrated the evolution of spondylolisthesis from unstable to less unstable. RELEVANCE: The results showed induced spondylolisthesis may link to degenerative spondylolisthesis. It provided essential knowledge to detect the evolution of degenerative spondylolisthesis clinically earlier.     

Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation: realignment and discharge within 48 h.

Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation is a rare disorder in which the atlas gets fixed in a position normally achieved during rotation. Patients present with painful torticollis and a typical 'cock robin' position of the head: rotation, slight flexion and head tilting contralateral to the direction of rotation. During childhood, laxity of the ligamentous apparatus and joint cups allows a wider range of motion and rotation within these joints. Traumatic effects contribute to subluxation at relevant degree (Fiedling type 2 and higher) for which skeletal traction is necessary. Duration of skeletal traction can be reduced to a minimum (24 h), as seen in this patient, when diagnosis is set as early as possible.     

L_（4～5）后路椎体间融合治疗后早期腰椎前凸角度的变化

背景：统计后路椎体间融合治疗后早期腰椎前凸角度变化、分析其变化的特点对腰椎间盘突出的治疗具有重要的临床意义。目的：分析L4～5后路椎体间融合后早期腰椎前凸角度变化及其临床意义。方法：对L4～5腰椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄症和L4滑脱经后路椎体间融合治疗的116例患者,测量患者治疗前后的腰椎前凸角度。随访资料完整患者40例,L4～5椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄28例,L4腰椎滑脱12例,随访12～24个月,分析治疗前后骶骨倾斜角变化。结果与结论：治疗后腰椎前凸角度均较治疗前增大（P〈0.05）。腰椎管狭窄与腰椎滑脱患者腰椎前凸角度因手术变化的趋势是相同的（P〉0.05）。治疗前后MacNab评分优和良中的患者腰椎前凸角度比较,差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。说明后路椎体间融合是治疗腰椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄症及腰椎滑脱症的有效手段之一。     

含骨形态发生蛋白2骨修复材料在颈椎前路减压植骨融合中的应用

背景：颈椎前路椎间盘切除减压自体髂骨植骨融合是治疗颈椎病的标准术式,但取自体髂骨存在较多供骨区并发症,寻找合适的骨修复替代材料应用于颈椎前路手术一直是研究的热点。 目的：分析含骨形态发生蛋白2骨修复材料在颈椎前路减压融合中的临床效果。 方法：回顾性分析行颈前路减压植骨融合治疗40例患者的临床资料,其中试验组21例将含骨形态发生蛋白2的骨修复材料（载体为药用明胶、注射用大豆卵磷脂、羟基磷灰石等）及自体骨赘植入PEEK cage融合器,对照组19例将自体骼骨植入PEEK cage融合器。随访12个月,比较两组融合节段Cobb角、融合节段椎体前缘高度、椎间高度、并发症、融合率、JOA评分和目测类比评分等指标。 结果与结论：经过治疗后,两组均获得了即刻的颈椎稳定,颈椎前凸、融合节段椎体前缘高度及椎间高度均较治疗前明显增加（P〈0.05）。随访12个月时,试验组Cobb角明显大于对照组（P〈0.05）,两组融合节段椎间隙前缘高度与融合节段椎间高度、椎间融合率、颈部与上肢目测类比评分、JOA评分比较差异无显著性意义,均获得骨性愈合。表明含骨形态发生蛋白2的骨修复材料结合自体骨赘植骨应用于颈椎前路减压融合可有效恢复并维持颈椎前凸、融合节段的高度,在改善临床症状方面与自体髂骨疗效相当。     

Value of prone positioning in the ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallstones: prospective study.

To determine prospectively the value of prone/postprone positioning in the sonographic detection of gallstones, 682 patients were scanned in the recumbent, erect, and prone or postprone positions. The gallbladder was evaluated for an intraluminal hyperechoic focus, shadowing, and gravitational dependence and was identified in 679 patients. Among these, 28% had cholelithiasis. In five cases, prone positioning alone revealed gallstones. In 11 of 140 cases, gravitational dependence was only seen with prone scanning. The gallbladder was seen more frequently when the patients were prone than erect. Prone or postprone scanning is a useful supplement to the gallbladder examination, allowing increased demonstration of gravitational dependence and increased stone detection.     

腰椎前凸度及骶骨水平角与腰椎退变性滑脱的相关性研究

目的探讨腰椎前凸度(LLA)及骶骨水平角(SHA)大小与腰椎退变性滑脱(LDS)程度的关系。方法采用中立站立位X线摄片,在医学影像存档与通信系统(PACS)上测量LLA、SHA大小和滑脱距离。比较LDS组和正常对照组的LLA值和SHA值,统计120例LDS患者各腰椎的退变性滑脱发生率,并对LLA、SHA和滑脱程度的相关性进行PEARSON相关分析。结果 LDS组的LLA值和SHA值均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=8.84、9.66,P均<0.05);各腰椎的退变性滑脱发生率显示:腰椎(L)4的退变性滑脱发生率最高,达55.83%,次高为L5,为29.17%,L1最低,为0.83%;Pearson相关分析:LA与退行性脊柱滑脱距离具有相关性(r=0.19,P<0.05);SHA与退行性脊柱滑脱距离具有相关性(r=0.19,P<0.05);LDS患者的LLA与SHA具有相关性(r=0.83,P<0.05)。结论 LLA及SHA与LDS滑脱距离具有相关性,可能是LDS的原因之一。     

Radiological and magnetic resonance imaging of cervical spine instability: a case report

Hypermobility and instability following injury and degenerative joint disease is poorly understood and often not recognized as the cause of the patients symptoms. Routine radiographs should be complemented by flexion/extension studies. Magnetic resonance imaging has been found useful in demonstrating degenerative disc disease, disc herniations, cord impingements and instabilities that are not amenable to diagnosis by myelograms and computed tomography.     

The effect of sagittal alignment on adjacent joint mobility after lumbar instrumentation--a biomechanical study of lumbar vertebrae in a porcine model

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms and changes in range of motion of neighboring mobile segment (adjacent level) after the instrumented posterior stabilization are not completely understood. This study aims to investigate the effect of sagittal alignment on the adjacent joint mobility after lumbar instrumentation. METHODS: Eight fresh porcine lumbar spines were instrumented with pedicle screw implants from L2 to L4. Each specimen was tested in three different sagittal alignments. Group A were instrumented in lordotic alignment (lordosis 20 degrees ), Group B in straight alignment (lordosis 0 degrees ), and Group C in kyphotic alignment (kyphosis 20 degrees ). Hydraulic testing machine was used to generate an increasing moment in flexion and extension respectively for each specimen. The vertebral displacement of the disc between L1-L2 and L4-L5 were measured simultaneously with an extensometer. FINDINGS: There were no significant differences in vertebral displacement between the three different sagittal alignments in both the superior and inferior adjacent segments under extension motion. However, under flexion motion, the vertebral displacement on the superior adjacent segment (L1-L2) with kyphotic alignment was statistically larger than that of the straight and lordotic alignments (P = 0.0198 and P = 0.000473 respectively), and no differences were found between the three different sagittal alignments on the inferior adjacent segment (L4-L5). INTERPRETATION: The iatrogenically produced kyphotic lumbar spine by posterior instrumentation might cause larger adjacent joint mobility on the superior adjacent joint as compared to the instrumented lordotic lumbar spine. This study implies that an instrumented spine in lordosis is less likely to develop adjacent instability than a kyphotic spine.     

活动平台假体人工膝关节置换后的中期随访

背景：虽然活动平台人工膝关节假体具有理论上的设计先进性以及体外运动学和磨损方面的优势,但临床效果是否优于固定平台假体目前尚不明确。目的：评估国人活动平台假体人工膝关节置换后的中期临床效果,为人工膝关节置换假体的选择提供临床依据。方法：纳入2006年12月至2009年6月于北京同仁医院采用旋转平台假体（PFC sigma RP）进行初次人工膝关节置换的膝关节骨关节炎和类风湿关节炎患者,对比观察患者置换前及置换后末次随访 KSS 评分、KSS功能评分、髌骨评分、膝前痛评、膝关节活动度、最大屈伸膝角度。记录患者置换后包括感染、髌骨弹响、聚乙烯垫片脱位、深静脉血栓等并发症情况。拍摄置换后标准的膝关节前后位、侧位及 Merchant 位 X 射线片,观察假体的力线、假体周围透亮区、髌骨脱位情况。将本组活动平台假体的随访结果与文献报道的固定平台假体人工膝关节置换的中期随访结果进行比较。结果与结论：最终共有31例45膝纳入试验,患者年龄（64.56±10.33）岁,随访时间3.9-7.6年。置换后末次随访时的各项评分、膝关节活动度及最大屈伸膝角度均较置换前明显改善,但与文献报道的固定平台置换后中期随访结果相当。未发现透亮线、假体松动、聚乙烯垫片脱出;虽然仅做了有限的髌外侧松解,所有患者均未出现髌骨脱位或半脱位;2例患者（2膝）出现髌骨弹响。提示活动平台膝关节置换后的中期临床效果满意。虽然仅做了有限的髌外侧松解,但没有发现髌骨脱位和半脱位,这可能是旋转平台设计上髌股关节方面优势的体现。