综合评分法优化健骨口服液的澄清工艺

目的优化健骨口服液的除杂澄清工艺。方法应用综合评分法-正交设计优化除杂工艺条件。结果在药液浓度为1∶10,ZTC 1＋1天然澄清剂2组分加入顺序为先B组分后A组分,2组分浓度均为1%,用量分别为每100 ml待处理溶液加入B黏胶液6 ml及A黏胶液3 ml,作用温度为80℃,并搅拌10 min,保温1 h后,固形物去除率为20.03%,淫羊藿苷含量保留率为82.26%。结论 ZTC 1＋1天然澄清剂可以用于健骨口服液的澄清工艺。     

挥发性促透剂对L-肉碱体外经皮渗透的影响

目的 考察薄荷油、冰片等中药挥发性促透剂对L-肉碱体外经皮渗透的影响.方法 使用改良Franz体外透皮装置,采用反相高效液相色潽法检测接收液中L-肉碱的浓度并计算药物的透皮累积透过量,考察不同浓度的薄荷油、冰片等挥发性促透剂对L-肉碱的促透作用.结果 薄荷油和低浓度的冰片均能够提高L-肉碱的透皮效率,但高浓度的冰片降低...     

氧化锌乳膏的质量控制

目的 氧化锌乳膏剂进行质量控制.方法 取处方量油相与水相分别置玻璃烧杯中,置水浴加热75℃使其熔化后,在相同温度条件下,两液合并搅拌至凝（约50℃）时加入氧化锌即得乳膏剂,采用络合量法乙二胺四醋酸二钠标准滴定液测定氧化锌的含量.结果 氧化锌乳膏制剂稳定,氧化锌在16%～24%浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 9）.平均回收率为99.55%,RSD为0.25%（n=9）.结论 本制剂处方工艺设计合理,质量控制方法简便易行.     

大蒜素对结核分枝杆菌体外抑菌效果观察

近年来 ,大量的基础研究表明 ,大蒜制剂具有降血脂、扩张血管、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗血小板聚集、溶栓、抗菌、抗肿瘤[1] 等作用 ,但对结核分枝杆菌作用的研究报道尚少。 1998年 6月 1999年 6月 ,我们观察了大蒜素片对结核分枝杆菌的体外抑菌效果 ,报告如下。1　材料和方法1 1　大蒜素浸取液制备　取大蒜素片 (新疆天山制药工业有限公司提供 ) 2片 (每片 350ｍｇ)置无菌试管内 ,加入 1ｍｌ二甲酰胺溶解 ,静置过夜后加入 9ｍｌ无菌蒸馏水 ,充分混匀。1 2　含药培养基制备　在 4瓶 10 0ｍｌ土豆汤琼脂培养基中 ,分别加入大蒜素浸取液 0 8ｍｌ、…     

复方硫唑乳膏的质量控制

目的制备复方硫唑乳膏剂并进行质量控制。方法取处方量油相与水相分别置玻璃烧杯中,置水浴加热75℃使其熔化后,在相同温度条件下,两液合并搅拌至凝（约50％）时加入升华硫、甲硝唑及醋酸氯已定即得乳膏剂。采用碘量法用碘滴定液（0．05mol·L^-1）测定硫的含量。结果该制剂稳定,硫含量在3％～8％浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9998）。加样回收率试验,平均回收率为99．52％,RSD为0．20％（n=9）。结论本制剂处方工艺设计合理,质量控制方法简便易行。     

地麻滴鼻液的制备及质量控制研究

目的 地麻滴鼻液的制备及质量控制.方法 采用高效液相色谱法和直接滴定法测定制剂中主药地塞米松磷酸钠和盐酸麻黄碱的含量.结果 地塞米松磷酸钠和盐酸麻黄碱平均回收率为99.92%、99.68%,RSD分别为1.21%和0.37%.结论 该滴鼻液制备工艺简单,质量可控,性质稳定,适合师医院和卫生队制剂.     

多功能胃镜检查胶的配制

１　制备方法　盐酸丁卡因５ｇ,二甲基硅油１０ｇ,颠茄浸肩２ｇ,甲基纤维素钠１０ｇ,枸橡酸１ｇ,甘油２００ｍｌ,尼泊金乙醋溶液５％适量;蒸馏水加至１０００ｍｌ。取适量蒸馏水加入盐酸丁卡因、枸椽酸,溶解后加入颠茄浸膏搅拌使其溶解;在搅拌下缓缓加入尼泊金乙溶液;将羧甲基纤维素钠撒于液面让其自然溶解。另取二甲基硅油加入甘油中混合均匀后加入上液中,加蒸馏水到全量搅拌均匀,分装即得,每支１０ｍｌ。本品为半透明胶状粘稠液体。盐酸丁卡因含量按《中国医院制剂规范》中“盐酸丁卡因胶浆”项下的含量测定方法进行。本品在…     

镁制剂治疗急性心肌梗死疗效观察

为进一步探讨镁制剂对急性心肌梗死 (ＡＭＩ)的治疗作用 ,我们对ＡＭＩ 3 2例在常规治疗的基础上加用硫酸镁液静滴 ,并与同期收治的 2 8例进行对照 ,现报道如下。1　对象和方法1 1　对象　所有入选对象条件及判断标准均参照中华心血管病杂志编委会 1 996年 7月修订的“急性心肌梗死判断标准参考方案”中的有关规定。1 2　方法　将ＡＭＩ患者随机分为两组 :镁制剂组 3 2例 ,即刻将 2 5%硫酸镁液 1 0 50ｍｌ加入极化液中 (也称加强极化液 )中静滴 ,每分钟 1 5滴 ,每日 1次 ,持续 7 1 4ｄ ;对照组 2 8例 ,用一般极化液 (不含硫酸镁 )静滴 ,持…     

盐酸氨基葡萄糖分散片的制备及质量控制

目的探讨盐酸氨基葡萄糖分散片的制备及质量控制方法。方法选用微晶纤维素为填充剂,羧甲基淀粉钠、低取代羟丙纤维素、交联聚维酮为崩解剂,阿斯帕坦为矫味剂,薄荷油为芳香剂,硬脂酸镁为润滑剂,微粉硅胶为助流剂。采用紫外分光光度法测定其含量。结果制得的盐酸氨基葡萄糖分散片口感好、表面光滑、服用方便。盐酸氨基葡萄糖分散片的含量测定的线性范围为12~32 mg/L(r=0.999 8),平均回收率为99.65%,RSD为0.35%(n=9)。结论本制剂处方工艺可靠,检测方法简便、准确、适用于医院配制和应用。     

手工冲洗X线照片漂水的若干问题

手工冲洗Ｘ线照片是质量管理的一项重要内容,而水池漂洗则是Ｘ线照片处理过程中的最后一个环节。水洗质量的优劣直接影响到影像质量保存的远期效应。若水洗不充分、不彻底,在高温和潮湿的环境下,照片上的影像会逐渐变黄和褪色,失去保存意义。为此,本文简要讨论了漂水质量控制的几个问题。一、照片水洗程度的监测检查水洗程度有几种方法,我们为检测水洗充分与否,采用下述方法测定[1]:将高锰酸钾0.3ｇ,氢氧化钠0.6ｇ先后溶于250ｍｌ蒸馏水中,作试验液备用。用两个白色玻璃瓶各装入250ｍｌ清水,然后分别加入1ｍｌ上述高锰酸钾试验液,此时两瓶液…     

Spasmolytic effect of peppermint oil in barium during double-contrast barium enema compared with Buscopan

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of peppermint oil in barium as a spasmolytic agent during a double-contrast barium enema (DCBE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 383 DCBEs with positive results from occult blood tests were assessed. Patients were assigned to one of four groups: peppermint in barium (n=91), peppermint in tube (n=90), Buscopan (n=105), or no treatment (n=97). After a screening sigmoidoscopy, the DCBEs were performed using air as a distending gas. In the Buscopan group, the DCBE was performed with an intramuscular injection of 20mg Buscopan at the start of the examination. Patients in the no-treatment group underwent DCBE without any spasmolytic agent. A peppermint oil preparation (30ml) was mixed in the barium solution for patients in the peppermint-in-barium group, and the same dose of peppermint oil was included in the enema tube in the peppermint-in-tube group. The presence of spasm on a series of spot films was evaluated without information about the type of spasmolytic agent used. RESULTS: The percentage of patients in the four groups (no treatment, Buscopan, peppermint in tube, and peppermint in barium) with absence of spasm in the entire colon on the series of spot films was 13.4, 38.1, 41.8, and 37.8%, respectively. In the group using peppermint oil or Buscopan, the rate of patients with non-spasm examination was higher than that in no-treatment group (p<0.0005). Peppermint oil had the same spasmolytic effect as the systemic administration of Buscopan in the transverse and descending colon. Peppermint oil had a stronger effect in the caecum and the ascending colon than a Buscopan injection (p<0.005). There was no advantage to placing peppermint oil in the enema tube over mixing it in the barium solution. A total of 157 polyps were found during the DCBE procedures, and no differences were observed in the number of lesions among the four groups. Peppermint oil did not impair image quality. CONCLUSION: Barium solution mixed with peppermint oil was safe and effective for the elimination of colonic spasm during the DCBE procedure, and it could be used instead of Buscopan.     

Simple measurement of gluconeogenesis by direct 2H NMR analysis of menthol glucuronide enrichment from 2H2O.

The contribution of gluconeogenesis to fasting glucose production was determined by a simple measurement of urinary menthol glucuronide (MG) 2H enrichment from 2H2O. Following ingestion of 2H2O (0.5% body water) during an overnight fast and a pharmacological dose (400 mg) of a commercial peppermint oil preparation the next morning, 364 micromol MG was quantitatively recovered from a 2-h urine collection by ether extraction and a 125 micromol portion was directly analyzed by 2H NMR. The glucuronide 2H-signals were fully resolved and their relative intensities matched those of the monoacetone glucose derivative. The pharmacokinetics and yields of urinary MG after ingestion of 400 mg peppermint oil as either gelatin or enteric-coated capsules 1 h before breakfast were quantified in five healthy subjects. Gelatin capsules yielded 197 +/- 81 micromol of MG from the initial 2-h urine collection while enteric-coated capsules gave 238 +/- 84 micromol MG from the 2- to 4-h urine collection.     

正交试验法优选小儿清热解毒微型灌肠剂的制备工艺

目的：通过小儿清热解毒微型灌肠剂的制备工艺研究，确定其最佳工艺条件。方法：采用正交设计重复试验法，以黄芩苷含量为指标，系统的考察了加水量(12，10，8倍)，煎煮次数(1，2，3次)，煎煮时间(1，1．5，2h)，醇沉浓度(60％，55％，65％)对小儿清热解毒微型灌肠剂质量的影响。结果：确立了其最佳工艺为大黄70％乙醇提取，金银花、荆芥、薄荷提取挥发油，残液及剩余药材加入10倍量的水，煎煮两次，煎煮时间每次为1．5h，醇沉浓度为60％。结论：该制备工艺科学合理，质量稳定，为小儿清热解毒微型灌肠剂的最佳工艺。     

Hepatic UDP-glucose 13C isotopomers from [U-13C]glucose: a simple analysis by 13C NMR of urinary menthol glucuronide.

Menthol glucuronide was isolated from the urine of a healthy 70-kg female subject following ingestion of 400 mg of peppermint oil and 6 g of 99% [U-(13)C]glucose. Glucuronide (13)C-excess enrichment levels were 4-6% and thus provided high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for confident assignment of (13)C-(13)C spin-coupled multiplet components within each (13)C resonance by (13)C NMR. The [U-(13)C]glucuronide isotopomer derived via direct pathway conversion of [U-(13)C]glucose to [U-(13)C]UDP-glucose was resolved from [1,2,3-(13)C(3)]- and [1,2-(13)C(2)]glucuronide isotopomers derived via Cori cycle or indirect pathway metabolism of [U-(13)C]glucose. In a second study, a group of four overnight-fasted patients (63 +/- 10 kg) with severe heart failure were given peppermint oil and infused with [U-(13)C]glucose for 4 hr (14 mg/kg prime, 0.12 mg/kg/min constant infusion) resulting in a steady-state plasma [U-(13)C]glucose enrichment of 4.6% +/- 0.6%. Menthol glucuronide was harvested and glucuronide (13)C-isotopomers were analyzed by (13)C NMR. [U-(13)C]glucuronide enrichment was 0.6% +/- 0.1%, and the sum of [1,2,3-(13)C(3)] and [1,2-(13)C(2)]glucuronide enrichments was 0.9% +/- 0.2%. From these data, flux of plasma glucose to hepatic UDPG was estimated to be 15% +/- 4% that of endogenous glucose production (EGP), and the Cori cycle accounted for at least 32% +/- 10% of GP.     

Non-contrast-enhanced MR angiography using 3D ECG-synchronized half-Fourier fast spin echo

A non-contrast-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) technique, which acquires images in a reasonably short scanning time and requires no contrast agent, is developed. An electrocardiographically (ECG) synchronized 3D half-Fourier fast spin-echo (FSE) technique with an appropriate ECG delay time for every slice encoding in 3D terms was used to examine the thoracic and iliac regions in 16 healthy volunteers at both 0.5 and 1.5 T. Prior to each 3D fresh blood imaging (FBI) experiment, an ECG preparation (ECG-prep) scan was acquired, and an appropriate ECG triggering time was selected for 3D FBI acquisition to optimize visualization of the vessel of interest. In the thoracic and abdominal regions, good-quality 3D MRA images were obtained. Furthermore, the weighted subtraction of two images in different phases provides contrast enhancement between arteries and veins.     

复方硫磺洗面奶的研制与质量评价

目的:以复方硫磺洗剂处方为基础研制复方硫磺洗面奶.方法:以硫磺、盐酸克林霉素为主药,椰子油单乙醇酰胺、三乙醇胺等药物制成复方硫磺洗面奶;采用化学滴定分析方法测定硫磺的含量.结果:制备的复方硫磺洗面奶细腻、光滑、稳定性好,质量可靠,含量测定简单易行.结论:本品配制简单、合理,符合中国药典2000版的规定.     

Comparison of I-bleomycin prepared by two methods stability and pharmacokinetics in tumor-bearing mice.

Bleomycin, a chemotherapeutic antibiotic agent, was radio-iodinated by the ICI and chloramine-T methods; the radiochemical stabilities and pharmacokinetics of the two I-bleomycins in tumor-bearing mice were compared. The ICI preparation was more stable with respect to deiodination in vitro. Both products were sufficiently stable in vivo that high body background due to free isotope, a disadvantage of 111In- and 99mTc-bleomycin, was not encountered. Tumor uptake of the ICI preparation was constant from 2 to 24 hrs., and the tumor/blood ratio increased with time; with chloramine-T, this ratio decreased, and was less than that for ICI. The two preparations are chemically and biologically different; the ICI product is the superior tumor radiodiagnostic agent.     

Intraarterial gene delivery in rabbit hepatic tumors: transfection with nonviral vector by using iodized oil emulsion

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of an iodized oil emulsion that is used for the chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma as a modifier of a nonviral gene transfer system for intraarterial gene delivery in experimentally induced hepatic tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were performed in accordance with National Institutes of Health guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals and were approved by the animal research committee at Seoul National University Hospital. VX2 carcinoma was implanted into the liver of 26 rabbits. Four nonviral gene transfer systems were prepared by using pCMV-luc+ as a reporter gene. The first system consisted of a DNA and polyethylenimine (PEI) complex (n = 7); the second, of a DNA and PEI complex mixed with iopamidol and iodized oil (n = 7); the third, of a DNA and PEI complex mixed with iopamidol (n = 7); and the fourth, of a DNA and PEI complex mixed with iodized oil (n = 5). For the DNA and PEI complex that was mixed with iopamidol and iodized oil, iopamidol was used to stabilize the emulsion. Twenty days after tumor implantation, intraarterial gene delivery was performed by selective catheterization of the hepatic artery. Rabbits were euthanized 24 hours after gene delivery. Luciferase activity was assayed in the tumor, left hepatic lobe, right hepatic lobe, and other organs and was statistically analyzed for comparison between complexes by using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: Luciferase activity in the tumor was significantly higher for the group that received DNA, PEI, iopamidol, and iodized oil than for any other group (Kruskal-Wallis test, P < .05). Luciferase activity in the left hepatic lobe, right hepatic lobe, and other organs was not significantly different between complexes. Selective gene expression in tumor cells was confirmed by means of immunohistochemical analysis for luciferase. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to use an iodized oil emulsion system for the intratumoral transfection of nonviral vectors in experimentally induced hypervascular hepatic tumors.