路易体痴呆及阿尔茨海默病患者海马氢质子磁共振波谱研究

目的研究路易体痴呆(dementia with Lewy bodies,DLB)及阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)患者双侧海马氢质子磁共振波谱(hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H-MRS)代谢物水平变化特点,探索海马1H-MRS在区分DLB和AD中的意义。方法在3T场强条件下,对14例DLB、14例AD患者及15例正常对照(normal control,NC)双侧海马进行单体素1H-MRS采集,测定海马N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(N-acetylaspartate,NAA)、胆碱(choline,Cho)及肌醇(myo-inositol,mI)与肌酸(creatine,Cr)的比值。结果三组海马1H-MRS测量值比较,左、右侧海马NAA/Cr值差异均有统计学意义(F=5.347,P=0.009;F=5.302,P=0.009)。DLB组左侧海马NAA/Cr值(1.56±0.30)、AD组左侧海马NAA/Cr值(1.51±0.22)均低于NC组(1.84±0.35)(均P<0.05)。DLB组右侧海马NAA/Cr值(1.62±0.27)、AD组右侧海马NAA/Cr值(1.49±0.39)均低于NC组(1.90±0.37)(均P<0.05)。DLB组双侧海马NAA/Cr值略高于AD组,但差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。三组间双侧海马mI/Cr值、Cho/Cr值差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论 DLB、AD患者双侧海马存在神经元功能障碍,其代谢物水平不能有效区分DLB和AD。     

难治性抑郁症患者海马代谢的磁共振质子波谱研究

目的 探讨难治性抑郁症患者双侧海马磁共振质子波谱(1H-MRS)的代谢特点.方法 运用1H-MRS成像系统检测16例难治性抑郁症患者(患者组)和16名健康对照者(对照组)双侧海马的N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)、肌醇(mI)及肌酸(Cr)4种代谢产物,分别计算双侧NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr及mI/Cr.采用配对t检验、独立样本t检验及偏相关分析进行统计处理.结果 对照组左侧海马NAA/Cr(1.43±0.19),明显高于右侧(1.21±0.10),P＜0.01.患者组双侧海马NAA/Cr的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),右侧海马NAA/Cr(1.44±0.31),明显高于对照组(1.21±0.10),P＜0.01.未发现患者组海马的任何代谢指标与病程及汉密尔顿抑郁量表(17项)评分的相关性(P＞0.05).结论 难治性抑郁症患者右侧海马代谢增强,双侧海马NAA/Cr不对称性消失.     

氢质子磁共振波谱对Alzheimer病神经生化改变的分析

目的研究Alzheimer病(Alzheimerdisease,AD)的氢质子磁共振波谱分析改变,并与认知正常的老年志愿者(normalcognition,NC)进行比较。方法对AD组21例及NC组20名被观察者行磁共振波谱分析,测定双侧海马、颞顶叶联合区的N乙酰天门冬氨酸(N acetylaspartate,NAA)、胆碱(choline,Cho)和肌醇(myo inositol,mI)与肌酸(creatine,Cr)的比值。采用SPSS11.5软件进行统计分析。结果AD组和NC组双侧海马和颞顶联合区的NAA/Cr差异有显著性(P<0.05),双侧海马和左侧颞顶叶联合区的mI/Cr差异有显著性(P<0.05),双侧海马和颞顶叶联合区的Cho/Cr差异无显著性(P<0.05)。只有左侧海马的NAA/Cr水平下降与AD的严重程度呈正相关(r=0.470,P<0.05)。结论磁共振波谱分析可发现AD海马及颞顶联合区的NAA/Cr、mI/Cr改变,左侧海马NAA/Cr的减低可帮助评价AD的严重程度。     

壳聚糖、磷脂酰胆碱对轻度认知功能障碍患者脑组织氢质子磁共振波谱成像的影响

目的观察壳聚糖、磷脂酰胆碱对轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)患者海马氢质子磁共振波谱成像(1H-MRSI)的影响。方法对15例MCI患者(MCI组)和15名正常老年人(正常对照组)进行海马1H-MRSI检查。给予MCI组患者壳聚糖、磷脂酰胆碱治疗2个月后对其进行复查,比较N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)/肌酸(Cr)、胆碱(Cho)/Cr、肌醇(mI)/Cr的比值。结果与正常对照组相比,MCI组服药前、后NAA/Cr比值显著降低,mI/Cr比值显著升高(均P<0.05),Cho/Cr的差异无统计学意义。MCI组治疗后的NAA/Cr比值较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),mI/Cr比值明显降低(P<0.05),Cho/Cr比值治疗前后的差异无统计学意义。结论1H-MRSI显示,壳聚糖和磷脂酰胆碱能改善脑组织的代谢,可能对MCI有一定的治疗作用。     

轻度认知障碍和轻度Alzeimer病的磁共振波谱分析

目的探讨氢质子磁共振波谱（1H—MRs）在轻度认知障碍（MCI）、轻度Alzheimer病（AD）诊断与鉴别诊断中的作用。方法对20例MCI患者、20例AD患者、20例正常对照者行。H—MRS检查,采用点分辨自旋回波波谱序列（PRESS）,测定双侧内侧颞叶的N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）、胆碱（Cho）和肌醇（mI）与肌酸（Cr）的比值,并比较各组闻NAA／Cr、mI／Cr、Cho／Cr比值的差别。结果轻度AD组及MCI组与正常对照组间双侧NAA／Cr有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,MCI组、轻度AD组、正常对照组三组间双侧mI／Cr有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,三组间Cho／Cr比值差异无统计学意义。结论1H—MRs能无创性提供MCI、AD患者脑部的代谢情况,NAA／Cr降低和mI／Cr升高有助于MCI、轻度AD的早期诊断。     

麻痹性痴呆患者海马磁共振波谱研究

目的探讨麻痹性痴呆(GPI)患者海马代谢物的变化及磁共振波谱(MRS)对GPI的诊断价值。方法对18例GPI患者(GPI组)、18例无神经系统损害的梅毒患者(普通梅毒组)及20例健康志愿者(对照组)行常规MRI检查,并予以行双侧海马1H-MRS单体素扫描,测量双侧海马N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)、肌酸和磷酸肌酸(Cr)和肌醇(MI)的峰下面积,计算NAA/Cr、MI/Cr和Cho/Cr,并比较3组间的差异。结果与对照组比较,GPI组双侧海马NAA/Cr明显降低(均P0.01),MI/Cr明显升高(均P0.05);与普通梅毒组比较,GPI组双侧海马NAA/Cr明显降低(均P0.01),MI/Cr明显升高(均P0.05);而普通梅毒组与对照组比较,各个数据之间无显著性差异(均P0.05)。结论1H-MRS能有效检测GPI患者脑组织物质代谢变化,提示GPI患者海马神经元活性降低、丢失明显,并可能伴有神经胶质细胞的增生;对GPI的诊断提供重要依据。     

氟西汀干预对大鼠抑郁模型海马代谢的影响

目的探讨氟西汀干预对大鼠抑郁模型的海马代谢的影响。方法 45只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(n=15)以及抑郁组(n=30)。抑郁组又被分为干预亚组(n=15)及未干预亚组(n=15)。采用慢性不可预知应激及孤养的方法建立抑郁模型。在制模成功后不干预亚组大鼠腹腔注射生理盐水2.0 ml/d,干预亚组大鼠腹腔注射盐酸氟西汀溶液5.0 mg/(kg·d);均持续4周。于干预前后对各组大鼠进行氢质子磁共振波谱分析检查,并进行比较。结果抑郁组大鼠双侧海马N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)/肌酸(Cr)及谷氨酸复合物(Glx)/Cr显著低于正常对照组,胆碱复合物(Cho)/Cr及肌醇(mI)/Cr显著高于正常对照组(P0.05~0.01)。干预亚组双侧海马的NAA/Cr及Glx/Cr显著高于未干预亚组双侧海马的Cho,ho/Cr及右侧海马的mI/Cr显著低于未干预亚组(P0.05~0.01)。与干预前比较,干预亚组干预后双侧海马NAA/Cr及Glx/Cr显著升高(均P0.05);未干预亚组双侧海马Cho/Cr及mI/Cr显著升高,NAA/Cr及Glx/Cr显著降低(均P0.05)。结论氟西汀能够改善海马神经细胞的谷氨酸循环及肌醇磷酸循环,恢复神经元及神经胶质细胞的功能。     

氢质子磁共振波谱对轻度认知功能损害的诊断价值

轻度认知功能损害(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)是指有轻度记忆或其他认知功能损害但无痴呆的一组临床综合征,是一种介于健康老年人和轻度痴呆之间的临床过渡状态[1-2],每年10%～15%的MCI转变为阿尔茨海默病(AD),是健康老年人发生AD的10倍[3].我们观察MCI与健康老年人在左侧海马等部位的氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)表现差异,旨在探讨1H-MRS对于MCI的诊断价值及所示代谢物比值与认知损害的相关性.     

麻痹性痴呆患者磁共振波谱与认知障碍的相关研究

目的应用氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H-MRS)技术,探索麻痹性痴呆(general paresis of the insane,GPI)患者海马区代谢物水平特点。方法纳入GPI患者52例,健康中老年对照(normal control,NC)38例进行双侧海马区1H-MRS检查,比较N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(N-acetylaspartate,NAA)/肌酸、胆碱/肌酸,NAA/胆碱,胆碱/NAA和肌醇/肌酸的水平;并同日进行简易精神状态检查(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知检查量表(Mo CA)量表评定,探索GPI患者海马区代谢物水平与病程严重程度的相关性。结果 GPI和NC两组比较:GPI组的双侧海马区NAA/Cr水平较NC组明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。不同痴呆程度的GPI患者比较:重度痴呆组左侧海马区NAA/Cr水平较轻度痴呆组明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。重度痴呆组右侧海马区的Cho/Cr和m I/Cr较轻度痴呆组升高(P0.05)。GPI组左侧海马区的NAA/Cr与MMSE、Mo CA呈正相关(P0.001)。结论 GPI患者均存在双侧海马区神经元损伤。且痴呆程度越重,左侧海马神经元损害越严重。     

磁共振波谱分析对轻微型肝性脑病患者的诊断价值

目的研究磁共振波谱分析(MRS)对轻微型肝性脑病(MHE)患者的诊断价值。方法应用3.0MR机对26例MHE患者进行扣带回和额叶的单体素点分辨自旋回波波谱序列扫描。计算N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酐(Cr)、胆碱(Cho)、肌醇(mI)和谷氨酰胺复合物(Glx)的峰下面积,计算NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、mI/Cr、Glx/Cr的值,并与正常对照组比较。结果与正常对照组相比,MHE组扣带回和额叶的Cho/Cr、mI/Cr显著降低(P<0.01～0.001),Glx/Cr值显著升高(均P<0.005),NAA/Cr值差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论MHE患者MRS检查显示扣带回和额叶Cho、mI水平降低,Glx水平升高,MRS对MHE的诊断有显著价值。     

Mental illness in England,in Scotland and in Scots living in England

Summary Beginning from the observation that Scots living in England have much higher rates of mental hospital admission than do the English, several hypotheses are proposed to account for this. Much of the excess in rates of mental illness is accounted for by those diagnosed as having alcohol-related disorders and behaviour and personality problems. The results of an examination of offical statistics in the two countries enabled some explanations to be offered. It was found that rates of admissions to mental hospitals are higher in Scotland than in England but not as high as those found among Scots migrants who have a much higher rate of readmission to hospitals than either of the other groups. In fact, if first admissions only are considered the rates of admission in Scotland are not only higher than rates for English natives but also higher than for Scottish migrants. It seems that Scots living in England are somewhat less likely to become mental patients than Scots in Scotland but that once they do achieve this status they are very much more likely to be readmitted on subsequent occasions. It was concluded that there might be two fairly distinct groups of migrants from Scotland to England who have different backgrounds, different reasons for migrating and different psychological characteristics. On the one hand there are stable, economically motivated migrants who move south for definite employment related reasons and who show few psychological symptoms. While on the other hand there is a group of migrants who perhaps have psychological problems and who move more in hope than expectation without definite prospects and who account for the high rates of mental hospital admission found in Scottish migrants.     

Prostacyclin release in the coronary circulation during sustained stimulation in in vitro and in in vivo experimental systems

Prostacyclin release from rat isolated perfused hearts and from dog coronary circulation was studied by measuring immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1a) in heart perfusate and in plasma obtained from the great cardiac vein respectively. Continuous infusion of arachidonic acid at constant concentration in isolated perfused hearts induced an increased prostacyclin release. This release showed a rapid peak within 10 min and a subsequent decrease. Low-flow ischemia induced an increased perfusate concentration of 6-keto-PGF1a but, considering the decreased flow, prostacyclin release was actually reduced. During the whole period of ischemia (60 min) prostacyclin release was constant. In open-chest anesthetized dogs 6-keto-PGF1a concentration in the great cardiac vein was increased after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. A prolonged period of coronary occlusion (4.5 hours) resulted in a progressive rise of prostacyclin release. 6-keto-PGF1a determinations in the femoral vein and in the aorta did not show relevant variations during the observation period.     

Neuroimaging in epilepsy in tropics

Epilepsy is a major public health problem in many tropical countries. Also, some of the tropical diseases are major contributors to the higher prevalence of epilepsy in these countries. The etiologic factors responsible for epilepsy in these countries are quite different from those in the developed world. This article discusses the etiologic factors and neuroimaging of epilepsy in light of the conditions in these tropical countries.     

癫痫与抑郁关系的研究进展

抑郁是癫痫患者中常见的精神障碍,严重地影响了患者的生活质量。传统的观点认为癫痫患者因为存在着诸多社会学问题易出现抑郁倾向,癫痫和抑郁是单向的联系,但大量的研究已经证明癫痫和抑郁之间存在双向的联系,一种异常状态的存在可能易转化为另一种异常状态的发展。癫痫和抑郁存在着共同的发病机制。本文主要就癫痫和抑郁的双向联系以及抗抑郁药物在癫痫患者中的应用进行阐述。     

神经介入：回眸2022

<正>2022年,国际上公布了多项大型神经介入领域的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial,RCT）结果,在血管内治疗（endovascular treatment,EVT）急性大血管闭塞（large vessel occlusion,LVO）适应证的扩展、药物治疗、管理,症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄（symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis,sICAS）治疗,无症状性颈动脉狭窄治疗,