Flow-through嵌合ALTP急诊修复四肢Gustillo III C型损伤

目的探讨Flow-through嵌合股前外侧穿支皮瓣(ALTP)急诊一期修复四肢Gustillo III C型损伤的临床疗效。方法2010年1月至2017年12月,采用Flow-through嵌合ALTP急诊修复四肢Gustillo III C型损伤患者17例。其中男16例,女1例;年龄19~55岁,平均32.4岁。创面范围16 cm×8 cm^45 cm×30 cm。旋股外侧动脉降支Flow-through吻合受区动脉以重建肢体血供,股外侧肌瓣填塞深部死腔,皮瓣和筋膜瓣覆盖浅表创面。供区皮肤直接闭合6例,腹部取皮植皮11例。结果术后采用门诊结合微信、电话随访,时间5~60个月,平均21.8个月。皮瓣成活15例,2例失败并截肢。6例采用皮瓣和筋膜瓣修复,11例采用皮瓣、筋膜瓣和肌瓣修复。术后4例皮瓣一期愈合;11例患者皮瓣边缘出现坏死,其中1例换药后瘢痕愈合,其余10例患者二期植皮愈合。所有患者供区未出现并发症。结论急诊Flow-through嵌合ALTP在重建肢体血供的同时实现创面三维立体修复,是修复四肢Gustillo III C型损伤的有效方法之一。     

不带筋膜且同期修薄的股前外侧皮瓣逆行修复膝部组织缺损

目的探讨不带筋膜且同期修薄的股前外侧皮瓣逆行修复膝部组织缺损的临床效果。方法实施不带筋膜且同期修薄的股前外侧皮瓣逆行修复膝部组织缺损创面5例,根据创面的大小切取皮瓣,供区保留深筋膜并将皮瓣的皮下脂肪同期进行修剪,切取后转位覆盖膝部缺损创面,供区以中厚皮片植皮。皮瓣大小14 cm×7.0 cm~19.8cm×12.2 cm。结果本组5例,随访3~18个月,平均6个月,皮瓣全部成活,质地外观好,膝关节活动好。结论实施不带筋膜且同期修薄的股前外侧皮瓣逆行修复膝部组织缺损,外形质地好,血供恒定,无需吻合血管,手术简单,无需再次修整。     

股前外侧穿支皮瓣加筋膜瓣修复手部两个软组织缺损

目的回顾性分析探讨股前外侧穿支皮瓣加筋膜瓣修复手部两个软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法 2010年1月至2016年1月,5例手部两个软组织缺损应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣加筋膜瓣修复,切取的穿支皮瓣加筋膜瓣近端为穿支皮瓣,远端为筋膜瓣。血管蒂与受区的血管行端端吻合,筋膜瓣行一期中厚网状游离植皮,皮瓣供区直接缝合。结果 1例筋膜瓣术后发生远端尖部小片植皮坏死,经2周换药处理逐渐自行愈合。所有的组织瓣全部成活。术后随访2.0～4.5年,平均3.5年,受区外形较好,供区没有发生明显的功能障碍。本组取得了满意的临床效果。结论股前外侧穿支皮瓣加筋膜瓣适宜修复手部两个软组织缺损。     

游离旋股外侧动脉降支穿支组织瓣的临床应用及对供区影响观察

目的探讨应用游离旋股外侧动脉降支穿支组织瓣(筋膜瓣+皮瓣)修复四肢软组织较大缺损的疗效及对供区的影响。方法 2013年1月-2015年2月采用游离旋股外侧动脉降支穿支组织瓣修复四肢软组织较大缺损9例。男8例,女1例;年龄13~56岁,中位年龄36岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤6例,重物压砸伤3例。软组织缺损位于下肢7例,上肢2例;伴肌腱外露2例,骨外露2例,肌腱合并骨外露5例。清创后软组织缺损范围为13 cm×7 cm~20 cm×18 cm。术中组织瓣切取范围14 cm×8 cm~23 cm×19 cm。受区筋膜瓣取头部断层皮片植皮覆盖。供区无张力直接缝合。结果术后1例出现动脉危象,经探查并重新吻合动脉后组织瓣成活;2例出现筋膜瓣上植皮部分溶解坏死,经换药后愈合;其余患者组织瓣完全成活,创面均Ⅰ期愈合。植皮Ⅰ期愈合7例、Ⅱ期愈合2例。供区切口均Ⅰ期愈合。9例均获随访,随访时间4~24个月,平均10个月。组织瓣色泽、质地良好,无瘢痕挛缩等并发症发生;均恢复部分保护性感觉。供区仅遗留一线形瘢痕,对大腿外观及行走无明显影响。结论游离旋股外侧动脉降支穿支组织瓣可修复四肢软组织较大缺损,供区可直接缝合,减少了供区损害,符合整形外科基本原则。     

抗生素骨水泥联合游离股前外侧组织瓣序贯治疗糖尿病足溃疡的临床疗效

目的探讨抗生素骨水泥联合游离股前外侧组织瓣序贯治疗糖尿病足溃疡(DFU)创面的临床疗效。方法采用回顾性观察性研究方法。遵义医科大学附属医院于2018年8月—2021年8月收治15例符合入选标准的DFU患者, 其中男12例、女3例, 年龄42～65岁, 2型糖尿病病史5～19年。患者创面均合并局部骨骼、肌肉或肌腱缺损或外露, 创面均于Ⅰ期清创后行抗生素骨水泥覆盖+Ⅱ期游离股前外侧嵌合穿支皮瓣(穿支皮瓣+肌瓣)或单纯游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复, 拆除骨水泥并清创后的创面面积为9.0 cm×5.0 cm～20.0 cm×7.0 cm, 皮瓣切取面积为10.0 cm×5.0 cm～22.0 cm×7.0 cm, 肌瓣切取面积为5.0 cm×3.0 cm～8.0 cm×4.0 cm。组织瓣供区均直接缝合。随访时观察供区愈合情况、皮瓣成活情况。末次随访时, 观察组织瓣质地、外形, 双侧肢体有无新发溃疡, 患者行走能力。结果Ⅱ期术后随访8～21个月, 供区均愈合良好, 仅残留线性瘢痕;14例患者组织瓣完全成活, 1例患者在Ⅱ期术后3周出现皮瓣部分坏死, 经扩创+植皮后愈合。末次随访时, 组织瓣质地...     

拱顶石穿支皮瓣修复股前外侧游离皮瓣供区软组织缺损

目的 探讨拱顶石皮瓣在修复股前外侧游离皮瓣供区软组织缺损的临床应用和疗效。方法 自2018年2月至2020年12月,共12例患者使用拱顶石皮瓣修复股前外侧游离皮瓣供区软组织缺损。皮瓣供区缺损大小平均为8.1 cm×14.4 cm (8.0 cm×11.0 cm～9.0 cm×21.0 cm),设计拱顶石皮瓣的平均面积为9.1 cm×16.4 cm (8.0 cm×13.0 cm～12.0 cm×19.0 cm)。随访观察皮瓣特征和术后并发症,皮瓣外观使用温哥华瘢痕量表（VSS）评分、瘢痕外观评估和评定（SCAR）评分进行分析。结果 术后平均随访8.3个月（6～12个月）,2例皮瓣周围皮肤感染,通过创面换药和口服抗生素治疗得到控制。所有患者均未出现骨筋膜室综合征、伤口裂开、静脉回流障碍和皮肤坏死。末次随访VSS评分为6.8±0.9,SCAR评分为7.3±1.0,修复结果满意。结论 拱顶石皮瓣修复股前外侧游离皮瓣供区缺损是一种有效的修复方式,不仅避免了张力性缝合造成的各种并发症,而且能够获得良好的美观度。     

改良带蒂股前外侧肌皮瓣修复腹壁肿瘤术后大面积全层缺损

目的探讨应用改良带蒂股前外侧肌皮瓣修复腹壁肿瘤术后大面积全层缺损的可行性和疗效。方法 2016年1月—2018年6月,采用改良带蒂股前外侧肌皮瓣修复5例腹壁肿瘤切除后大面积全层缺损。男3例,女2例;年龄32～65岁,平均43.7岁。腹壁纤维瘤3例,肉瘤2例。肿瘤切除后腹壁缺损范围为20 cm×12 cm～23 cm×16 cm。采用网片固定重建腹膜连续性,股外侧肌瓣封闭缺损,表面植皮联合股前外侧皮瓣修复腹壁皮肤软组织缺损。股外侧肌瓣切取范围为20 cm×12 cm～23 cm×16 cm,皮瓣切取范围为20 cm×8 cm～23 cm×10 cm。供区直接缝合。结果术后所有皮瓣和植皮均顺利成活,供受区创面均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间6～36个月,平均14.7个月。随访期间无肿瘤复发,皮瓣质地良好、外形不臃肿,腹壁外观、功能恢复满意,未见腹壁疝表现。供区外观影响小,下肢关节活动无影响。结论改良带蒂股前外侧肌皮瓣可用于修复腹壁肿瘤术后大面积全层缺损,不但减少了供区并发症,还可改善供、受区外形。     

游离股前外侧筋膜瓣移植与重塑植皮修复手、足皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨股前外侧筋膜瓣游离移植成活后重塑植皮修复手、足软组织缺损的临床效果。方法2000年1月～2005年7月,应用吻合血管的远端带有观察岛状皮瓣的股前外筋膜瓣移植,成活后7～10d行筋膜瓣肉芽重塑,游离植皮修复手部软组织缺损9例、足背软组织缺损2例,筋膜瓣面积8cm×15cm～10cm×22cm。结果11例吻合血管的筋膜瓣全部成活,重塑后植皮全部成活。所有患者术后获3～18个月随访,受区外形、功能恢复满意。结论以旋股外侧动脉降支为血管蒂的筋膜瓣,血管解剖恒定、蒂长、切取容易,成活后重塑植皮,瓣薄平整、外形功能好,适宜修复手、足软组织缺损创面。     

股前外侧皮瓣与筋膜组织瓣的临床应用

目的探讨股前外侧皮瓣与筋膜组织瓣的临床应用方式。方法1997年1月~2004年7月,应用股前外侧皮瓣与筋膜组织瓣修复体表皮肤软组织缺损27例,男10例,女17例。其中缺损位于面部9例,颈部4例,下肢6例,会阴部4例,臀部1例,腹股沟区1例,乳房软组织缺损2例。所有患者均为择期手术,软组织缺损范围9cm×8cm~20cm×15cm,切取皮瓣范围10cm×8cm~33cm×15cm。结果术后26例皮瓣全部成活,创面期愈合,1例皮瓣坏死,创面经换药、再次手术植皮后愈合。17例移位皮瓣外观良好,质地柔软,有感觉;9例略显臃肿,经二次手术修薄外观较好。23例获随访3个月~2年,受区皮瓣颜色、质地、感觉与周围组织接近,供区局部凹陷畸形不明显;其中6例肿瘤患者获随访6~15个月,肿瘤局部无复发。结论股前外侧皮瓣与筋膜组织瓣能提供充足的皮肤软组织量,且可采用多种应用方式,是修复大面积体表皮肤软组织缺损的理想皮瓣。     

应用游离皮瓣修复头皮恶性肿瘤术后缺损18例

目的探讨应用各种游离皮瓣修复头皮恶性肿瘤切除术后较大范围缺损的可行性和临床效果。方法2012年3月-2015年1月,采用游离皮瓣修复18例头皮恶性肿瘤切除术后皮肤软组织缺损。其中男13例,女5例;年龄18~72岁,平均49岁。鳞癌17例(均有瘢痕病史),隆突性纤维肉瘤1例。肿瘤扩大切除后缺损范围为15 cm×12 cm~22 cm×17 cm,切取皮瓣大小为17 cm×14 cm~24 cm×19 cm,其中应用股前外侧皮瓣5例,背阔肌肌皮瓣6例,胸背动脉穿支皮瓣3例,背阔肌肌瓣结合中厚植皮4例(肌瓣游离移植术后5~7 d行二期植皮)。皮瓣供区均植皮修复,肌瓣供区直接缝合。结果术后游离皮瓣成活13例,坏死1例;游离肌瓣全部成活,二期植皮后因枕部压迫致移植皮片局部坏死1例,经二次植皮后愈合。供区均Ⅰ期愈合,无血肿、血清肿发生;植皮均顺利成活。患者均获随访,随访时间5~33个月,平均20个月。3例患者分别于术后5、7、13个月因肿瘤颅内转移死亡。2例患者局部复发,再次切除后采用局部皮瓣移位或植皮修复。术后皮瓣外观较满意,4例因皮瓣臃肿行二期修薄术。皮瓣耐磨性好,随访期内无破溃发生。背阔肌肌瓣切取后未遗留明显功能障碍。结论综合供、受区特点选择合适的游离皮瓣移植修复较大范围头皮恶性肿瘤切除术后缺损是一种有效方法。     

应用股前外侧皮瓣修复巨大体表肿瘤切除后组织缺损

目的 探讨应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复巨大体表肿瘤切除后组织缺损的疗效.方法 2007年4月至2010年11月,采用吻合血管的股前外侧皮瓣修复巨大体表恶性肿瘤切除后创面9例,其中6例为头部及四肢烧伤瘢痕引起的鳞状细胞癌,3例腹部复发巨大隆突性皮纤维肉瘤.肿瘤切除后缺损面积19 cm×15 cm～24 cm×21 cm,切取皮瓣面积20 cm × 16 cm～25 cm×22 cm.术后3例进行放疗.结果 9例皮瓣全部成活.术后1例皮瓣出现远端浅表坏死,经换药及抗感染治疗愈合.受区未发生腹壁疝等手术并发症.供区植皮一期愈合,无运动受限等并发症.术后随访12～24个月,缺损修复部位形态和功能良好,肿瘤切除后无1例复发.结论 股前外侧皮瓣是修复巨大体表恶性肿瘤切除后软组织缺损比较理想的皮瓣.

Abstract：

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of free anterolateral femoral skin flap on the repair of skin and subcutaneous soft tissue defects caused by excision of oversized malignant tumour in the skin. Methods A retrospective review was performed of free anterolateral femoral skin flap reconstructions for oversized malignant tumor cut on body surface since April 2007 to November 2010. There were 6 patients with head and limb squamous cell carcinoma because of bum scar and 3 patients with recurrence of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in wall of belly. The area of soft tissue defects ranged from 19 cm × 15 cm to 24 cm × 21 cm, and skin flaps was 20 cm × 16 cm to 25 cm × 22 cm in size. Three cases received radio therapy after operation. Results Nine flaps survived perfectly, one flap survived with partial necrosis and healed after changing dressings. No complications were observed in the donor site, including wound dehiscence, hernia and weakness. Follow-up survey of 12-24 months after the operation showed that the appearance and function in the repaired sites were normal, and norecurrence of the tumors. Conclusion Free transplantation of anterolateral femoral skin flap is relatively an ideal operative type for the repair of soft tissue defects caused by excision of oversized malignant tumour in the skin.     

腓骨骨皮瓣组合股前外侧皮瓣修复小腿复合组织缺损

目的 探讨腓骨骨皮瓣与股前外侧皮瓣组合移植修复严重小腿软组织缺损并骨缺损的临床效果.方法 应用腓骨骨皮瓣与股前外侧皮瓣串联或并联组合移植,修复严重小腿软组织缺损并骨缺损36例.新鲜无菌创面10例,晚期感染创面26例.创面面积25 cm×18 cm～45 cm×13 cm,平均36 cm×16 cm,股前外侧皮瓣切取范围12 cm×13 cm～32 cm×18 cm,腓骨骨皮瓣切取范围2.0 cm×1.5 cm～18.0 cm×16.0 cm,腓骨切取长度10～24 cm.并联移植30例,串联移植6例,急诊手术5例,亚急诊手术5例,择期手术26例.结果 36例全部成功,35例获得随访,随访时间1～3年.术后发生动脉危象1例,静脉危象2例.移植组织全部成活34例,2例并联腓骨皮瓣部分坏死,行皮片移植后愈合.修复创面一期愈合32例,二期愈合4例,愈合时间12～28d,腓骨移植骨愈合时间3～6个月.应用Enneking评分23～28分,平均26分,供区无功能障碍.结论 腓骨骨皮瓣与股前外侧皮瓣组合移植修复小腿软组织缺损并骨缺损可使复杂创面修复一期完成,虽难度大风险高,但仍是一种理想的治疗方法.     

股前外侧皮瓣串联腓骨皮瓣修复小腿大面积皮肤软组织伴骨缺损

目的 探讨吻合血管的股前外侧皮瓣串联腓骨皮瓣修复小腿大面积皮肤软组织伴骨缺损的临床效果.方法 2005年6月至2008年7月,将股前外侧皮瓣与腓骨皮瓣的轴心血管串联吻合后移植修复8例小腿大面积皮肤软组织伴大段胫骨缺损患者.皮肤软组织缺损面积为23 cm×12cm～34 cm×16 cm,骨缺损长度为7～16 cm.股前外侧皮瓣切取面积为16 cm×12 cm～28 cm×15cm,腓骨皮瓣切取面积为15 cm×6 cm～21 cm×10 cm,腓骨切取长度为10～18 cm.结果 7例串联组织瓣一期成活,1例术后皮瓣远端边缘坏死,经换药伤口逐渐愈合.8例患者术后获7～31个月(平均16个月)随访.3～6个月移植腓骨愈合,术后1年移植腓骨直径明显增粗.所有皮瓣质地柔软,形态及功能满意,供区无功能障碍.结论 应用股前外侧皮瓣串联腓骨皮瓣联合移植能有效修复小腿大面积皮肤软组织伴骨缺损,且缩短了病程,减少了肢体的伤残率.     

逆行股前外侧皮瓣移位修复胫骨外露创面

目的探讨逆行股前外侧皮瓣、肌皮瓣修复小腿中上段胫骨外露创面的方法及疗效。方法 2005年10月-2010年4月,应用逆行股前外侧皮瓣、肌皮瓣移位修复小腿中上段胫骨外露创面16例。男10例,女6例;年龄16～52岁。交通事故伤11例,重物压伤5例。10例为伤后1～6 h入院,平均3 h;6例伤后于外院行胫骨骨折钢板内固定术后创面严重感染,伤后至该次入院时间为6～14 d,平均10 d。创面范围13 cm×7 cm～20 cm×13 cm。皮瓣切取范围16 cm×10 cm～23 cm×15 cm。供区取中厚皮游离移植修复。结果术后5～7 d 2例皮瓣发生感染,经换药1周后愈合;其余皮瓣成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。供区切口均Ⅰ期愈合,植皮成活。患者均获随访,随访时间10～23个月,平均18个月。患肢皮瓣外形稍臃肿,色泽、质地满意。骨折均于术后8～10个月愈合。结论采用逆行股前外侧皮瓣、肌皮瓣可有效修复小腿中上段胫骨外露创面。     

Coverage of supraumbilical abdominal wall defects: The tunnelled‐pedicled ALT technique

Abdominal wall defects are a challenge for reconstructive surgeons. Although the utility of anterolateral thigh perforator (ALT) flap has been well established for lower abdominal wall reconstruction, pedicled ALT flap is usually not considered for supraumbilical defects in the most recent algorithms. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a tunneled pedicled ALT flap for reconstruction of supraumbilical defect from a series of patients. From July 2009 to September2014, six patients underwent delayed abdominal wall coverage using pedicled ALT flaps and reinforcement with polypropylene meshes. Defects occurred after surgical complications and abdominal trauma. Flaps were tunneled beneath the rectus femoris and sartorius muscles to increase the pedicle length. The size of the skin islands ranged from 22–29 × 10–14 cm. All flaps survived and the healing of the wounds was successful. Partial dehiscence of donor site occurred in one patient, and small wound dehiscence due to minimal distal necrosis was observed in another patient. No functional problems were reported in donor site, and no complications occurred in 6–68 months of follow‐up. The tunneled pedicled ALT flap may provide a reliable alternative method for abdominal wall reconstruction, including supraumbilical defects. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:119–127, 2017.     

Head and neck reconstruction with anterolateral thigh flap.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to present our experience with the free anterolateral thigh flap for reconstruction of various cutaneous and mucosal defects of the head and neck. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective review of 37 patients who underwent reconstruction between 1994 and 2002. Outcome measures included ethnicity, flap harvest technique, vascular anatomy, flap success, general surgical complications, and donor site morbidity. RESULTS: The majority of our patients were white (n = 33). The size of the 39 free anterolateral thigh flaps varied from 24 to 252 cm(2). There was 1 arterial failure and flap loss (2.6%) and 2 venous occlusions that were both salvaged. The donor site was closed primarily in 37 cases and with a split-thickness skin graft in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report on using the free anterolateral thigh flap in whites. This free transfer has proved to be a versatile and reliable flap for reconstruction of the head and neck.     

应用股前外侧皮瓣修复足背皮肤缺损

目的总结股前外侧皮瓣修复足背皮肤软组织缺损的效果和体会。方法应用吻合血管的股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复8例足背皮肤软组织缺损,皮瓣面积（11 cm×6 cm）-（20 cm×11 cm）。结果术后8例皮瓣全部成活。均获随访,平均12（6-18）月。6例恢复保护性感觉,2例感觉恢复较差。皮瓣外观均显臃肿,3例经二期修整后改善,供区愈合良好。结论股前外侧皮瓣是修复足背皮肤软组织缺损的有效方法之一。     

游离股前外侧肌皮瓣在舌癌术后缺损修复与舌再造中的应用

目的 探讨游离股前外侧肌皮瓣在舌癌术后缺损修复与舌再造中的应用.方法 2006年6月至2009年4月应用游离股前外侧肌皮瓣,对14例舌癌患者舌颌颈联合根治术后同期行舌口底缺损修复与舌再造,其中舌缘癌9例,舌腹癌3例,口底癌累及舌2例.肌皮瓣面积最大7 cm×9 cm,最小5 cm×7 cm.结果 14例肌皮瓣全部存活,供、受区伤口均一期愈合,无下肢运动感觉功能障碍.术后2周肌皮瓣略显臃肿,1个月后臃肿消退.随访12～26个月,再造舌形态良好,吞咽语言功能满意,肿瘤局部无复发,其中1例(T4N1M0)术后14个月死于远处转移.结论 股前外侧肌皮瓣组织量丰富,携带肌瓣可充填舌口底肌肉切除后缺损,再造舌外形及功能良好,供区隐蔽且对功能影响小,是舌癌术后舌、口底缺损修复与舌再造的理想选择.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the application of free anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap in the reconstruction of tongue and mouth floor defect after radical resection of tongue carcinoma. Methods From June 2006 to April 2009, 14 cases with tongue carcinoma underwent radical resection, leaving tongue and mouth floor defects which were reconstructed by anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flaps at the same stage. These 14 cases included tongue carcinoma at lingual margin( n = 9 ), at ventral tongue( n = 3 ) and at mouth floor( n = 2). The flap size ranged from 7 cm × 9 cm to 5 cm× 7 cm. Results All the 14 flaps survived completely with primary healing. There was no functional morbidity in the lower extremities. The patients were followed up for 12-26 months with satisfied esthetic and functional results in reconstructed tongue. Only one case (T4N1M0 )died of metastasis carcinoma 14 months after operation. No local recurrence happened. Conclusions The anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap has abundant tissue volume to reconstruct the tongue and mouth floor defect, while leaving less morbidity at donor site. Both satisfied esthetic and functional results can be achieved.     

股前外侧皮瓣远侧肌皮穿支的解剖学研究与临床应用

目的 研究供养股前外侧皮瓣的远侧肌皮穿支的解剖特征及其在股前外侧皮瓣移植中的应用价值.方法 2007年7月至2009年12月,对10例新鲜尸体及96例应用股前外侧皮瓣修复创面病例的远侧肌皮支进行解剖学观察.临床应用股前外侧远侧肌皮穿支皮瓣修复四肢软组织缺损35例,男19例,女16例;年龄28～55岁,平均38.5岁;单瓣20例,分叶皮瓣15例.单瓣切取面积7 cm×15cm～9 cm×25 cm,分叶皮瓣切取面积5 cm×7 cm～8 cm×20 cm.皮瓣切取时间1～1.5 h.结果 组织瓣移植全部成活32例,部分性坏死3例.术后随访6～11个月,平均7.8个月.1例患者术后早期主诉膝关节不稳定感,术后6个月改善.尸体解剖研究发现:位于髂前上棘与髌骨外上缘连线远1/4段内的皮支均以肌皮穿支的形式出现,肌皮支穿出部位靠近股外侧肌前内缘,不超过肌肉横径1/2,一般在肌肉横径的1/3以内;远侧肌皮支主要来源于旋股外侧血管降支,1例2侧来源于股动脉,1例2侧来源于股深动脉穿支.临床解剖观察发现:94例出现2～5个远侧肌皮穿支,2例无远侧肌皮穿支,其主干旋股外侧动脉降支变异为直接肌皮支,近端有肌间隔肌皮支出现.结论 远侧肌皮穿支相对恒定,可以作为股前外侧皮瓣近侧肌皮支缺如病例的替代血管,也是实现分叶皮瓣移植的解剖基础.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the anatomical characteristics and clinical application of the distal musculocutaneous perforators derived from the descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery in the anterolateral thigh flap transplantation. Methods From July 2007 to December 2009, the anatomic variations of musculocutaneous perforator were investigated in 96 cases who received anterolateral thigh flap and 10 preserved cadavers. Thirty-five cases who received the anterolateral thigh flap using the distal musculocutaneous perforators were included in the study. There were 19 males and 16 females. The age ranged from 28-55 years old, with an average of 38.5 years old. Single flap was used in 20 cases while lobulated flap in 15 cases. Single flap area ranged from 7 cm×15 cm to 9 cm×25 cm, lobulated flap ranged from 5 cm×7 cm to 8 cm×20 cm. Results The cadaver study found that the most musculocutaneous perforators were concentrated in the far fourth of the anterolateral thigh region. The musculocutaneous perforators commonly arose from the the lateral femoral circumflex artery. The perforator arose directly from the femoral artery or the deep femoral artery in one case separately. In the clinical study, 2-5 musculocutaneous perforators were found in 94 cases but not in the other 2 cases. The descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery became the direct m musculocutaneous perforator. The proximal intermuscularseptum perforator was found in 2 cases. Postoperative follow-up time ranged from 6-11 months. All flaps survived in the follow-up.Marginal necrosis was found in 3 cases. Only 1 case had complained of knee joint instability. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the vascular anatomy of the distal musculocutaneous perforator was reliable. The perforator may serve as an option for proximal one in anterolateral thigh flap transplantation.