CRTER杂志“成纤维细胞培养”的组稿内容

<正>○羟基喜树碱与人病理性瘢痕成纤维细胞的增殖○转化生长因子β1对长波紫外线照射皮肤成纤维细胞线粒体DNA4977bp缺失的影响○雷公藤、人参与芳维甲酸乙酯对培养光老化真皮成纤维细胞的影响     

长波紫外线照射皮肤成纤维细胞表皮生长因子受体的表达

背景：长波紫外线与人体皮肤老化关系密切,主要作用于表皮和真皮全层。 目的：观察长波紫外线照射对体外培养的皮肤成纤维细胞的表皮生长因子受体表达的影响。 方法：体外培养人成纤维细胞,将细胞分为对照组、长波紫外线照射5,10,20 J/cm2组。照射24 h后,分别用实时PCR和Western blot检测表皮生长因子受体mRNA和蛋白的表达情况。 结果与结论：体外培养的皮肤成纤维细胞随着长波紫外线照射剂量的增加,表皮生长因子受体的mRNA与蛋白水平均显著增加,提示长波紫外线可以诱导成纤维细胞里的表皮生长因子的表达。     

紫外线对人皮肤成纤维细胞老化损伤的影响

目的:研究紫外线对人皮肤成纤维细胞的老化损伤及c-fos、c-jun、Sirt1蛋白在UVA诱导损伤后的变化。方法:原代培养人皮肤成纤维细胞,采用MTT法测定第5代细胞经不同强度、不同作用时间UVA照射后人成纤细胞的增殖情况,采用SA-β-Gal染色法观察细胞衰老情况,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(GSH-Px)及金属基质蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)含量,免疫组化法观察细胞内c-fos、c-jun的表达,实时定量PCR法检测cfos、c-jun、Sirt1 mRNA的表达,Western blot检测c-fos、c-jun、Sirt1蛋白表达。结果:经5 J/cm~2、10 J/cm~2、20 J/cm~2UVA照射72 h后,人皮肤成纤维细胞的增殖能力减弱,人皮肤成纤维细胞在UVA照射下普遍被诱导成衰老状态,经SA-β-Gal染色后观察到细胞衰老明显,不同强度UVA照射能明显降低细胞内SOD、GSH-Px活性,显著提高MMP-1的含量。免疫组化结果显示c-fos、c-jun表达呈阳性,同时c-fos、c-jun、Sirt1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著升高。结论:UVA能诱导人皮肤成纤维细胞形态改变,这一过程与紫外线强度及作用时间相关,经照射后c-fos、c-jun、Sirt1的表达明显升高,启动了光老化的进程。     

二甲双胍抑制UVA诱导的人皮肤成纤维细胞的光老化效应

目的研究二甲双胍(MF)对长波紫外线(UVA)诱导的人皮肤成纤维细胞(HSF)光老化效应的抑制作用及相关机制。方法体外培养人皮肤成纤维细胞,分为对照组(control)、UVA组、UVA+MF组。以CCK-8法检测细胞增殖;对各组细胞进行细胞衰老β-半乳糖苷酶染色;以荧光探针DCF-DA染色流式细胞仪检测细胞内ROS水平;real-time PCR检测衰老相关基因MMP1、MMP3的mRNA相对表达量;Western blot检测蛋白MMP1、MMP3、SOD1和SOD2的表达。结果 0.01 mmol/L二甲双胍对HSF增殖无显著影响,0.1和1 mmol/L二甲双胍则显著抑制HSF的细胞增殖(P0.05)。与对照组相比,UVA组β-半乳糖苷酶染色阳性率显著增高(P0.01);ROS水平显著升高(P0.05);MMP1和MMP3 mRNA相对表达量显著增加(P0.01);MMP1和MMP3蛋白表达量显著增多(P0.01);SOD1、SOD2蛋白表达显著减少(P0.01)。与UVA组相比,UVA+MF组β-半乳糖苷酶染色阳性率显著降低(P0.05);ROS水平显著下降(P0.05);MMP1和MMP3的mRNA相对表达量显著降低(P0.05);蛋白MMP1和MMP3表达量显著降低(P0.05);蛋白SOD1表达显著增加(P0.01);SOD2表达量增加。结论二甲双胍可通过抑制细胞内ROS水平和相关基质金属蛋白酶的表达,提高细胞抗氧化能力,从而抑制UVA诱导的皮肤成纤维细胞的光老化效应。     

人皮肤成纤维细胞的分离培养及鉴定

目的：建立人皮肤成纤维细胞的体外原代及传代培养并鉴定的技术方法.方法：取临床无菌切除的幼儿包皮,利用胶原酶分离表皮和真皮,将真皮剪成肉糜状,再用胰蛋白酶消化,接种于培养皿,加少许含10％小牛血清的DMEM-高糖培养液进行培养,次日补加培养液.原代长满后,进行传代,并对所培养的细胞进行形态学观察及组化鉴定.结果：接种次日倒置镜下可见有长梭形细胞迁出、生长,5-6d进行传代,传代后约5d长满,可长期传代.免疫组化Vimentin表达阳性.结论：该方法可快速高效获得构建组织皮肤真皮所需的成纤维细胞.     

不育男性精子线粒体DNA突变与线粒体超微结构改变

目的：探讨精子线粒体DNA突变和线粒体超微结构变化与男性不育之间的关系。方法：应用PCR技术,DNA测序技术对不育男性的76例精了动力差的精液标本进行MTCYB、MTATP6片段检测,从中选出5例有线粒体DNA缺失的标本进行透射电镜观察。结果5例病人的标本电镜下大多数精子尾部可见线粒体有体积异常,或为小线粒体,或为大线粒体,排列紊乱,,分布不对称;多层线粒体包绕尾部轴丝。与已育男性的精子标本的形态差别明显。结论：线粒体DNA突变的精子标本可以观察到线粒体结构改变。精子线粒体DNA的突变和线粒体结构的改变均可影响精子受精过程的能量供给,可导致男性不良。     

线粒体DNA的ND-1基因3394 T→C突变与糖尿病的关系

目的 探讨线粒体DNA（mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)突变与糖尿病的关系。方法 应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和限制性酶切技术，检查100例2型糖尿病和110名正常对照者外周血白细胞mtDNA点突变情况。结果 检测到1种在糖尿病人群中高发的点突变；NADH脱氢酶亚单位-1（NADHdehydrogenase subunit-1,ND-1)基因（nt)3394T→C转换，受试100例患者中3394突变阳性者有6例（6%），正常对照仅1人（0.9%)，该位点突变引起线粒体呼吸链ND-1亚单位的氨基酸序列改变，使一个高度保守的中性酷氨酸错义成亲水性组氨酸，从而影响NADH脱氢酶活性，ATP合成减少。结论 该位点突变可增加糖尿病发生的易感性。     

紫外线诱导人皮肤成纤维细胞形态改变及对基质金属蛋白酶表达的影响

目的研究紫外线(UVB)诱导人皮肤成纤维细胞中端粒长度及基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)的变化,及其在UVB诱导光老化中的作用。方法原代培养人成纤维细胞,用第5代细胞进行UVB照射处理。观察细胞形态,实时定量PCR检测COL1a1和h TERT的mRNA表达细胞端粒长度,Western blot检测MMP-3和MMP-1蛋白。结果 30 m J/cm2UVB照射人成纤维细胞24 h后,细胞逐渐变圆、皱缩和排列紊乱;COL1a1和TERT的mRNA水平表达显著升高,基质金属蛋白酶MMP-3和MMP-1蛋白水平也显著升高,端粒长度显著缩短。结论 UVB可能诱导人皮肤成纤维细胞形态改变,及MMP-3和MMP-1的表达明显升高,启动了光老化的早期进程。     

遗传性共济失调一家系中发现的线粒体DNA突变

目的探索遗传性共济失调（hereditary ataxia，HA）家系中的线粒体DNA突变。方法采用聚合酶链反应扩增两个HA家系及35名健康对照者外周血白细胞的线粒体DNA，并对PCR产物进行单链构象多态性分析，对出现异常条带者进行线粒体DNA片段测序。结果其中一家系中的2例患者及1例无临床症状亲属检测到线粒体DNA11893（A→G）点突变。结论遗传性共济失调的发生、发展可能与线粒体DNA11893（A→G）点突变有关。     

雷公藤、人参与芳维甲酸乙酯对培养光老化真皮成纤维细胞的影响

背景:基质金属蛋白酶在衰老皮肤真皮成纤维细胞的表达增强,雷公藤红素及人参皂甙具有免疫抑制、抗抗衰老等作用。维甲酸对光老化皮肤有治疗作用,但还存在较多的毒副作用。目的:对比观察人参皂甙Rd、雷公藤红素与芳维甲酸乙酯对体外培养的人类成纤维细胞基质金属蛋白酶1和基质金属蛋白酶3表达的调节作用。方法:标本取之于四川省泸州医学院附属医院普外科健康新生儿包皮环切术后真皮,家属知情同意。分离及体外培养人体皮肤成纤维细胞。实验分为①正常对照组:不作任何处理。②阳性对照组:给予紫外线照射(80kJ/m2)、8-甲氧补骨脂素(100mg/L)。③芳维甲酸乙酯实验组:紫外线照射+8-甲氧补骨脂素+芳维甲酸乙酯。④雷公藤红素组:紫外线照射+8-甲氧补骨脂素+雷公藤红素。⑤人参皂甙Rd组:紫外线照射+8-甲氧补骨脂素+人参皂甙Rd。雷公藤红素组:按雷公藤红素剂量分为10,20,40mg/L3组;人参皂甙Rd组:按人参皂甙Rd剂量分为20,50,100mg/L3组。观察各组成纤维细胞基质金属蛋白酶1和基质金属蛋白酶3免疫组织化学染色结果。结果与结论:阳性对照组基质金属蛋白酶1和基质金属蛋白酶3表达明显增强,与对照组之间差异有显著性(P0.05);芳维甲酸乙酯实验组、雷公藤红素组各组、人参皂甙Rd组各组,与阳性对照组比较,表达明显减弱(P0.05);芳维甲酸乙酯实验组、雷公藤红素组各组、人参皂甙Rd组各组之间比较,差异无显著性(P0.05)。结果表明,①人参皂甙Rd、雷公藤红素可以达到芳维甲酸乙酯一样治疗和预防皮肤光老化的作用。②人参、雷公藤等中药的毒副作用小的可能原因是其对机体作用的有效浓度范围较大。③人参皂甙Rd、雷公藤红素和芳维甲酸乙酯治疗和预防皮肤光老化的机制主要是通过调节基质金属蛋白酶1、基质金属蛋白酶3的表达。     

Analysis of p53 tumor suppressor gene, H-ras protooncogene and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in squamous cell carcinomas of HRA/Skh mice following exposure to 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and UVA radiation (PUVA therapy)

Treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and ultraviolet radiation (primarily UVA), called PUVA therapy, has been used to treat different chronic skin diseases but led to a significant increased risk for skin cancer. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) performed a study in mice treated with PUVA that showed a significant increase in squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. In the present study, we evaluated the protein expression of p53 and PCNA and DNA mutations of p53 and H-ras genes in both hyperplastic and neoplastic squamous cell lesions from the NTP study. By immunohistochemical staining, protein expression of both p53 and PCNA was detected in 3/16 (19%) of hyperplastic lesions and 14/17 (82%) of SCCs in groups treated with both 8-MOP and UVA. The mutation frequency of p53 in SCCs from mice administered 8-MOP plus UVA was 15/17 (88%) with a predominant distribution of mutations in exon 6 (14/15 - 93%). No H-ras mutations were detected in the hyperplastic lesions/tumors. The mutagenic effect of PUVA on the p53 tumor suppressor gene may lead to a conformational modification and inactivation of the p53 protein, which are considered critical steps in PUVA-induced skin carcinogenesis. The p53 mutational frequency and patterns from our study were different from those reported in human PUVA-type tumors.     

p53 mutations experimentally induced by 8-methoxypsoralen plus UVA (PUVA) differ from those found in human skin cancers in PUVA-treated patients

8-Methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) plus UVA irradiation (PUVA therapy) has been used for the treatment of psoriasis. PUVA therapy has been associated with an increased risk of developing skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In order to determine the PUVA-induced p53 mutation spectrum, a yeast expression vector harbouring a human wild-type p53 cDNA was incubated with 8-MOP, and UVA irradiated in vitro. PUVA-damaged and undamaged DNA was transfected into a yeast strain containing the ADE2 gene regulated by a p53-responsive promoter. An 8-MOP concentration-dependent decrease in survival and increase in mutant frequency were observed. At a fixed 8-MOP concentration, survival decreased and mutant frequency increased as UVA irradiation increased. Eleven mutant clones contained 11 mutations: 10 were single base pair substitutions, the remaining one being a complex mutation. All eight T:A-targeted mutations were at 5'-TpA sites, hallmark mutations of PUVA mutagenesis. Through a rigorous statistical test, the PUVA-induced p53 mutation spectrum appears to differ significantly (P < 0.0002) from that observed in SCC in PUVA-treated patients. The present work demonstrates that a specific PUVA-induced mutational fingerprint could be obtained and recognized on human p53 cDNA. This result may suggest that PUVA therapy can be a risk factor for the development of SCC in psoriasis patients through a mechanism not involving the induction of p53 mutations.     

Prevention of cyclophosphamide-induced and spontaneous diabetes in NOD mice by syngeneic splenocytes treated with cytotoxic drugs.

Infusions of syngeneic T-cells, lethally damaged with ultraviolet A light (UVA) and 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), have been reported to prevent or ameliorate a number of autoimmune diseases in humans and in animal models of autoimmune disease. We previously demonstrated that the combination of UVA/8-MOP, or deoxycoformycin and deoxyadenosine (dCF/dAdo), damaged human lymphoid cells by inducing DNA strand breakage and stimulating poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation. These cells subsequently underwent programmed cell death ("apoptosis"). These findings suggested a common mechanism of lymphocyte damage, and that in vitro treatment of T-cells with cCF/dAdo might substitute for UVA/8-MOP. This hypothesis was tested in a model of autoimmune diabetes in the NOD mouse. Young adult female NOD/Wehi mice were given 350 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CP) on day 1 to induce rapid-onset diabetes and divided into five treatment groups. Four groups received approximately 50 x 10(6) syngeneic mouse splenocytes that had been treated with various cytotoxic agents. 27/40 (68%) of the CP-only control group and 14/30 (48%) of the group given untreated splenocytes developed diabetes. By contrast, only 2/20 (10%) mice of UVA/8-MOP and 3/23 (14%) of dCF/dAdo-treated splenocyte groups developed diabetes (P < 0.01). Diabetes in high spontaneous-diabetes incidence NOD/Lt female mice was also greatly reduced (4/8 untreated vs 1/7 treated; (< 0.05). We postulate that cytotoxic damage to activated splenic T-cells allows their recognition by host T-cells and results in a protective response against autoreactive cells as a form of T-cell vaccination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Sodium arsenite potentiates the clastogenicity and mutagenicity of DNA crosslinking agents

To see if sodium arsenite enhances the clastogenicity and the mutagenicity of DNA crosslinking agents, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and human skin fibroblasts were exposed to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cis-Pt(II)) or 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) plus long-wave ultraviolet light (UVA) and then to sodium arsenite. The results indicate that the clastogenicity of cis-Pt(II) and 8-MOP plus UVA are enhanced by the post-treatment with sodium arsenite. Chromatid breaks and exchanges are predominantly increased in doubly treated cells. Furthermore, the mutagenicity of cis-Pt(II) at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus is also potentiated by sodium arsenite in CHO cells.     

UV radiation and prostaglandin E2 up-regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cultured human fibroblasts

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: Exposure to UV radiation is responsible for skin erythema and inflammation. PGE2 is an important inflammatory mediator involved in this process and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent vascular permeability factor mainly produced by epidermal keratinocytes. This study was aimed at determining whether UVB/A1 radiation and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) could modulate the production of VEGF by cultured dermal human fibroblasts (HF) in comparison to keratinocytes (HK). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The skin cells derived from foreskin, were cultured in defined medium before treatment by either UVB/A1 radiation, or stimulation by addition of PGE2 (10(-8) to 10(-5) M). The expression of VEGF in cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes was evaluated at the mRNA (RT-PCR) and protein levels (ELISA). RESULTS: The basal level of VEGF was lower in HF than in HK. Both UVB and UVA1 radiation strongly up-regulated VEGF mRNA and protein in HF whereas UVB but not UVA1 radiation induced a VEGF increase in HK only at the protein level. UVA1, when associated with UVB radiation, showed an additive effect on VEGF secretion in HF but not in HK. PGE2 increased in a dose-dependent manner the expression of VEGF in HF but not in HK. Indomethacin as well as the antioxidant alpha-tocopherol did not reduce UV-induced enhanced secretion of VEGF by both fibroblasts and keratinocytes whereas pyrolidine dithiocarbamate exerted an inhibition of this overexpression. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate different signaling pathways in the PGE2 and UV-induced regulation of VEGF in dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes. They also suggest a role for VEGF from both fibroblasts and keratinocytes in the UV-induced erythema, independent of PGE2. A dermal overexpression of VEGF by fibroblasts from UV-irradiated skin may contribute to dilated microvasculature, a feature of skin photoaging and more generally, to a more permissive stroma to tumor formation than unexposed skin.     

幽门螺旋杆菌提取液体外诱导胃上皮细胞线粒体DNA变异的研究

目的 探讨幽门螺旋杆菌(helicobacter pylori,HP)感染与线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)碱基突变之间的关系.方法 HP11638(CagA+,VacA+)和HP11638突变株(HP11638M,CagA+,VacA-)的提取液与人胃腺癌上皮细胞(human gastric adenocarcinoma epithelial cell,AGS)共同孵育后,收集细胞.提取mtDNA,PCR扩增mtDNA Cox-Ⅰ、Cox-Ⅱ、Cox-Ⅲ、ATPase6、ATPase8、Cytb基因和D-Loop区后测序.结果 AGS细胞mtDNA突变率与两株HP提取液呈浓度及时间依赖关系,经HP11638提取液刺激的AGS细胞mtDNA突变率高于经HP11638M提取液的刺激.在所有616个mtDNA D-Loop区的突变中,489个为点突变,81个为插入,46个为缺失.70.9%(437/616)的突变属于GC→AT和AT→GC的转换.85%(17/20)受刺激的AGS细胞的mtDNA D-Loop区的303PolyC、16184PolyC和514CA等位点发生突变.Cox-Ⅰ、Cox-Ⅱ、Cox-Ⅲ、ATPase6和ATPase8基因未发现突变位点,Cytb基因序列发现3个异质性突变.结论 HP能引起mtDNA特别是D-Loop区的突变积累,VacA蛋白参与了这一过程.     

脂肪源性血管基质成分对皮肤光老化的影响

 目的:观察人脂肪源性血管基质成分 (stromal vascular fractions, SVF) 对中波紫外线(ultraviolet B, UVB) 诱导的裸大鼠皮肤光老化的影响。方法:6周龄裸大鼠随机分为正常对照组及实验组,实验组持续UVB照射8周建立皮肤光老化模型并随机分为模型组,以及SVF低剂量 (low-dose, LD)、中剂量(middle-dose, MD) 和高剂量 (high-dose, HD) (100 μL悬液中的细胞数分别为10⁴、10⁵和10⁶) 治疗组;采用酶消化法提取健康女性脂肪组织中的SVF,分别取低、中、高剂量的SVF悬液注射于裸大鼠背部皮下;模型组注射相同剂量的生理盐水,正常对照组不做任何处理;7 d后取材,观察注射部位表皮厚度及结构的改变;28 d后取材观察注射部位真皮厚度及结构的改变。结果:SVF治疗7 d后,中、高剂量治疗组裸大鼠皮肤较实验对照组表皮层厚度减小、角质层比例下降、基底层处于异常增殖状态的细胞核减少(P<0.05)。治疗28 d后,中剂量及高剂量治疗组I型胶原蛋白mRNA相对表达量增加,III型胶原蛋白及基质金属蛋白酶-3 (matrix metalloproteinases-3, MMP-3) mRNA相对表达量下降(P<0.05),高剂量治疗组皮肤真皮层厚度增加(P<0.05)。结论:SVF具有抗皮肤光老化的潜能,有潜在的临床应用价值。     

Hepatitis B virus harboring nucleotide deletions in the core promoter region and genotype B correlate with low viral replication activity in anti-HBe positive carriers.

BACKGROUND: Emergence of anti-HBe following seroconversion of HBe antigen indicates reduced hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in the liver and low infectivity in the natural course of infection. However, some patients show continued replication or reactivation even in the presence of anti-HBe. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the cause of HBV replication, we investigated genotype differences and mutations in the core promoter and precore region in relation to virus titer. STUDY DESIGN: Using quantification of HBV DNA, nucleotide sequencing of the core promoter and precore region, and genotyping with the S gene by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), we analyzed sera of 26 anti-HBe positive carriers (28 serum samples). RESULTS: Various mutations were detected including C to T point mutation at nt 1653, A to T and G to A contiguous point mutations at nt 1762 and 1764 in the core promoter region, and G to A point mutation at nt 1896 in the precore region, but no common mutations were detected that were directly related to the virus titer from earlier reported mutations. In contrast, the mean titer of genotype B virus was 1.5 x 10(5) copies per ml and that of mutant HBV of genotype C having 8 base pairs (8-bp) deletion (nt 1768-1775) in the core promoter region was 7.9 x 10(4) copies per ml (mean titer). These titers showed commonly lower than that of genotype C virus without 8-bp deletion (median titer 5.0 x 10(6) copies per ml). Transition of genotype from C to B after viral reactivation and reduction of proportion of 8-bp deletion mutant at reactivation period was observed in a patient who demonstrated exacerbation of liver dysfunction due to immunosuppressive therapy and increased viral replication. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm those of our earlier study describing low replication ability of 8-bp deletion mutant HBV in vitro, and also indicate that the presence of genotype B correlates with reduced titer of HBV.     

High mutational burden in the mtDNA control region from aged muscles: a single-fiber study

The ageing process is associated with the accumulation of somatic mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The aged human skeletal muscle tissue presents a mosaic of fibers when stained histochemically for cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity with a proportion of COX negative fibers. Given the potential relevance of any alteration in the mtDNA control region for replication, we analysed the correlation between the presence of mutations and their degree of heteroplasmy and the COX phenotype in individual muscle fibers of aged healthy donors.A region of the mtDNA D-loop was cloned from single fiber-derived DNA and multiple clones were analysed. This strategy showed that a high level of mutational burden is present in all fibers and that several types of mtDNA rearrangements are detectable: recurrent (A189G, T408A and T414G) and rare point mutations, length variations affecting the homopolymeric tract and the (CA)(n) repeat and macrodeletions. The aggregate mutational load in the D-loop region correlated with the single fiber COX phenotype, suggesting that the cumulative burden of multiple, individually rare, mtDNA alterations might functionally impair the mitochondrial genetic machinery.