头颈部肿瘤放疗对机体损害的临床研究--附28例分析

目的：探讨放疗对头颈部肿瘤患造成放射性损害的诊疗及防范措施。方法：对1984－2001年收治的28例头颈癌放疗后并发症患进行回顾性分析。结果：男23例，女5例，年龄18－68岁。原发头颈肿瘤分别为：鼻咽癌24例，硬腭癌1例，喉癌1例，食道癌1例，腮腺混合瘤1例。放射性损害34例次：局部髓髓炎伴瘘管6例，神经损伤4例，上腔静脉综合征1例，鼻咽闭锁1例；腭瘘2例，颌面颈淋巴回流障碍2例，放疗诱发第二原发癌10例，局部溃疡大出血4例，颞颌关节强直4例。经保守治疗、手术及综合治疗，死亡11例，其中6例死于放疗所致并发症，5例死于第二原发癌，生存期为3－43年。健在15例，已存活7－37年。结论：严格掌握放疗指征，杜绝不必要放疗；精确设计放射野和剂量，采用高能放射源及立体定向技术等均能预防放射性损伤。综合治疗对这些损伤有效。     

6例双原发癌临床分析

目的:通过对2011年1月至2012年10月期间郑州大学附属肿瘤医院普外科6例双原发癌患者的诊断及治疗的临床研究,认识到提高术前诊断率及手术治疗的重要性。方法:对6例双原发癌患者进行回顾性分析,3例经胃镜检出第一癌,手术探查发现第二癌;1例经结肠镜发现第一癌,CT发现且经纤维支气管镜确诊第二癌;2例经胃镜发现第一癌,穿刺活检发现第二癌;其中4例手术治疗+化疗,1例单纯化疗,1例手术治疗+放疗。结果:5例手术切除肿瘤,1例拒绝手术,术后顺利恢复,均达临床治愈。结论:提高双原发癌的术前诊断率,完善术前准备,及时行手术治疗,从而减少手术并发症,术后辅以放化疗,能提高治疗效果。     

局部复发鼻咽癌三维适形放疗近期疗效分析

目的 探讨三维适形放疗技术在局部复发鼻咽癌再程放疗中的应用。方法 2001年1月～2002年3月，采用常规放疗结合三维适形放疗治疗局部复发鼻咽癌24例，常规外照射40Gy／20次／4周后进行适形放疗，治疗剂量为28Gy／7次／15d。结果 随访期内肿瘤局部控制率91．7％(22／24)。3例病人死亡，其中2例死于远处转移，1例死于全身衰竭。5例伴有神经损伤。再程放疗所致急性放射反应轻。结论 鼻咽癌局部复发患者采用适形放疗取得满意的局部控制率，放射反应较轻．远期疗效及放射损伤尚待进一步观察。     

卵巢癌治疗后发生第二原发癌分析

目的探讨卵巢癌治疗后第二原发癌发生的相关因素及诊治要点。方法回顾性分析200例卵巢癌患者中发生的4例第二原发癌患者的临床资料。结果 4例发生第二原发癌,进行相应治疗后,患者生存良好。结论免疫因素、致癌因素的持续作用、肿瘤易感性、肿瘤家族史、第一肿瘤的治疗如化疗或放疗均可能与第二原发癌的发生有关;第二原发癌的治疗与第一原发癌治疗原则一致,较转移癌有较好的预后。     

膀胱转移癌的诊断与治疗(附10例报告)

目的 探讨膀胱转移癌的临床特点,提高对此痛的诊治水平.方法 回顾性总结2004年6月～2009年4月该院收治的10例膀胱转移癌患者的诊治结果.原发癌包括:直肠癌3例,宫颈癌2例,前列腺癌2例,乙状结肠癌1例,降结肠、乙状结肠及直肠多发癌1例,卵巢癌1例.其中8例原发癌术后出现膀胱转移时间为8～60个月,平均20个月,2例同时发现原发病灶及膀胱转移病变.7例接受手术治疗,3例未行手术治疗.7例接受针对原发病灶的化疗及放疗.2例原发癌为前列腺癌行内分泌治疗+放疗.结果 9例忠者接受随访,1例失访,随访时间为1-24个月,平均15.7个月.死于全身多发转移5例,从发现原发癌到死亡间隔时间为20～66个月,平均37.0个月,从发现膀胱转移癌到死亡间隔时间为8～24个月,平均18.4个月.其余4例均仍在随访中.结论 膀胱转移癌少见,预后差.治疗往往需要多学科的共同处理,术后配合针对原发病灶的化疗及放疗,可以缓解病情进展,延长患者生存期.     

X-刀治疗体部恶性肿瘤78例报告

目的探讨X-刀对体部恶性肿瘤的治疗价值.方法选择78例体部恶性肿瘤(原发癌61例,转移癌17例),先给予常规外照射DT40～50Gy/20～25F/4～5W,体息7～10天后行体部X-刀补量治疗,分次治疗方法为DT4～8Gy/F,隔日1次,4～6次为1个疗程,平均治疗剂量为DT30Gy(24～40Gy).结果治疗后3～6个月,CT及MRI复查示61例原发癌中,53例肿瘤缩小或消失,8例无明显变化;17例转移癌中有14例肿块明显缩小.全部病例中治疗后12个月死亡14例.71例病人KPS评分有提高,全部病例均未出现明显放疗并发症.结论 X-刀治疗体部恶性肿瘤疗效肯定,X-刀结合常规放疗对于改善病人预后是有益的.     

超声引导射频消融术应用于治疗肝转移癌

目的:探讨超声引导射频消融对肝转移癌的治疗效果及临床应用价值.方法:对不宜手术、放疗、化疗或不愿接受手术治疗的肝转移癌患者48例(91个灶)行超声引导下射频治疗.原发灶来自消化道肿瘤33例(68.7%),乳腺癌7例(14.5%),其他肿瘤8例(16 .8 %).本组肿瘤最大直径范围为1.5～7.2 cm(中位数2.3 cm), 26例为单发灶,余22例为2 ～5个病灶.采用螺旋CT增强扫描为主结合彩超、穿刺活检、肿瘤标记物等检查方法综合评价疗效 .结果:1个月后螺旋CT增强扫描显示87个病灶完全失去活性,近期有效率达95.6%.有4例局部复发, 14例肝内其他部位再发,而行第2～4次治疗.全部病例经3～18个月随访,目前 46 例存活,2例射频后肿瘤缩小者行手术治疗,因手术并发症死亡.较重并发症1例(2.1%)为肝被膜损伤出血,经射频消融凝固止血成功.结论:超声引导射频消融术可作为肝转移癌的一种微创局部治疗方法,其并发症少,缓解率高,是治疗肝转移癌安全、有效的新手段.     

重组人p53腺病毒注射液联合放射线治疗头颈鳞癌的Ⅱ期临床试验

目的　评价重组人p5 3腺病毒注射液 (rAd p5 3)联合放射线治疗头颈鳞癌的疗效及安全性。方法　自 2 0 0 1年 10月至 2 0 0 2年 9月 ,对 4 2例头颈鳞癌进行了rAd p5 3制剂结合放疗 (基因治疗加放疗 ,GTRT)对比单纯放疗 (单纯放疗 ,RT)的前瞻性随机对照Ⅱ期临床试验。患者被随机地分入结合治疗的GTRT组 (共 2 0例 )和作为对照的RT组 (共 2 2例 )。在GTRT组 ,每周 1次行瘤内注射rAd p5 3制剂 1× 10 1 2 病毒颗粒共 8次 ,同时结合放疗。两组都采用同样的常规放疗方案 ,每次 2Gy ,每周 5次 ,使原发灶和颈部转移淋巴结都达到 70Gy 35f 7～ 8w。观测病人的不良反应、血清抗腺病毒抗体水平和肿瘤变化。以CT对比分析GTRT组和RT组病人在 4 0Gy、70Gy及疗效确认时 (治疗后 2月 )肿瘤即刻反应率。结果　随机对比分析或自身对比分析结果都表明 ,rAd p5 3明显地提高了头颈鳞癌患者放疗的疗效 (P <0 0 5 )。随机对比结果表明 ,rAd p5 3对 4 0Gy放疗的增效倍数为 1 72 ,疗效确认时头颈鳞癌GTRT组CR率比RT组CR率提高 1 6 8倍。自身对比结果表明 ,rAd p5 3对 4 0Gy放疗的增效倍数为 1 6 9,疗效确认时头颈鳞癌GTRT瘤灶的CR率比自身RT瘤灶CR率提高 2 5 3倍。 2 0例头颈鳞癌患者接受多次rAd p5 3瘤内注射 ,除了出现一时性     

I125植入联合替吉奥辅助化疗治疗头颈癌的临床应用

目的 探讨I125放射性粒子组织间植入联合替吉奥辅助化疗治疗头颈癌的疗效.方法 选择2008年10月至2010年10月在昆明医学院第三附属医院头颈外科就诊的头颈癌患者40例,病理类型为:鳞状细胞癌26例,低分化腺癌14例;按解剖部位分为:下咽癌17例,上颌窦癌15例,口腔癌4例;颈转移癌4例.所有患者均因全身疾病或局部晚期而不能手术治疗,予I125放射性粒子植入,匹配周缘剂量(matched peripheral dose,MPD)为90～110 Gy,随机将患者分为2组,实验组术后联合替吉奥辅助化疗80 mg/m2 2个周期.对患者进行随访,分析急慢性放射性损伤、局部控制率和生存情况.结果 实验组患者中肿瘤完全缓解13例(65%),部分缓解5例(25%),无效2例(10%),有效率为90%.术后随访42个月,失访1例,1 a生存率80.0%,2 a生存率48.75%,3 a生存率13.0%,中位生存期16个月.主要并发症为放射性口腔粘膜炎和局部出血.结论 I125粒子植入联合替吉奥辅助化疗对于有手术禁忌或无法切除的头颈癌近期疗效好,患者生存率满意,并发症少.     

以喉癌为首发癌的多原发癌临床诊治分析

目的 分析以喉癌为首发癌的多原发癌的发病部位、治疗效果及生存状况,探讨喉癌多原发癌临床诊治要点。方法 回顾性分析42例以喉癌为首发癌的多原发癌的临床资料,探讨临床疗效影响因素,总结各自临床诊治特点。结果 42例患者中,多原发癌发生在头颈部位的有22例(52.4%)、发生在非头颈部位的有20例(47.6%)。喉癌多原发癌3、5年生存率分别为47.6%(20/42)、26.2%(11/42)。经过积极治疗的多原发癌的3、5年生存率为56.3%(18/32)、34.4%(11/32),明显高于未予治疗的患者\[20.0%(2/10)、0(0/10),P<0.01\]。头颈部和非头颈部多原发癌患者的3、5年生存率无统计学差异。放疗患者头颈部多原发癌的发病率为77.3%,明显高于非放疗患者(45.0%,P<0.01)。喉癌的治疗方式与多原发癌预后无明显相关。结论 喉癌多原发癌以肺癌及鼻咽癌最为常见;放疗患者易发生头颈部多原发癌,积极对第二原发癌进行治疗有利于患者预后。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.