大鼠脑缺血再灌注海马区血小板活化因子和过氧化脂质的改变及药物影响

目的观察缺血性大鼠脑海马区血小板活化因子（ＰＡＦ）和过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）含量的改变及兆科蝮蛇抗栓酶的影响。方法用４ＶＯ大鼠脑缺血模型，用放免分析法和ＴＢＡ法测定ＰＡＦ及ＬＰＯ含量。结果缺血２０ｍｉｎ再灌注６０ｍｉｎ脑海马中ＰＡＦ及ＬＰＯ含量明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），但造模前用兆科蝮蛇抗栓酶预处理动物，能够显著抑制缺血再灌注脑海马区ＰＡＦ及ＬＰＯ含量的升高。结论ＰＡＦ参与了脑缺血再灌注损伤，与ＬＰＯ生成密切相关，兆科蝮蛇抗栓酶对脑缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用。     

缺血性脑血管病患者血清内源性抗氧化剂维生素C、维生素E的测定及临床意义

目的探讨维生素Ｃ（ＶｉｔＣ）、维生素Ｅ（ＶｉｔＥ）的抗氧化作用。方法应用紫外分光光度法测定了５８例缺血性脑血管病患者和２３例正常对照组血清ＶｉｔＣ、ＶｉｔＥ、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的含量。结果在脑供血不足组，ＶｉｔＣ、ＶｉｔＥ、ＳＯＤ含量略降低，ＭＤＡ含量略升高；而在脑梗塞急性期，ＶｉｔＣ、ＶｉｔＥ、ＳＯＤ含量明显降低，ＭＤＡ明显升高；恢复期均恢复正常。结论以ＭＤＡ为代表的自由基代谢产物参与了脑缺血性细胞损伤的病理生理过程；而内源性抗氧化剂ＶｉｔＣ、ＶｉｔＥ、ＳＯＤ可作为一个敏感指标，早期证实脑缺血的发生，推测缺血的严重程度。     

大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤精氨酸加压素变化和脑水肿实验研究

应用大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注动物模型，观察精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）在急性脑缺血再灌注损伤中的变化及与脑水肿关系，结果表明丘脑下部ＡＶＰ含量在脑缺血３０ｍｉｎ明显增加，再灌注６０ｍｉｎ后进一步增加，且与大脑皮层水含量是显著相关性。提示，ＡＶＰ参与急性脑缺血再灌注损伤，丘脑下部ＡＶＰ含量增高，可加重或促进脑缺血再灌注后脑水肿形成。     

红景天保护缺血再灌注损伤鼠脑细胞的作用及机理研究

目的研究红景天对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用。方法４ＶＯ法复制缺血再灌注动物模型;放免法及化学发光法测定乙酰胆碱（Ａｃｈ）、一氧化氮（ＮＯ）及内皮素（ＥＴ）含量;细胞培养观察红景天对神经细胞的作用。结果（１）缺血再灌注组（ＩＲ）Ａｃｈ含量显著低于假手术组（ＳＡＭ）,药物预防后缺血再灌注组（Ｒ＋ＩＲ）及缺血再灌注后药物治疗组（ＩＲ＋Ｒ）较ＩＲ组显著升高。（２）ＩＲ组ＮＯ含量显著高于ＳＡＭ组,Ｒ＋ＩＲ组及ＩＲ＋Ｒ组ＮＯ含量显著降低。（３）ＩＲ组ＥＴ含量显著高于ＳＡＭ组而Ｒ＋ＩＲ组显著降低。（４）红景天甙培养组细胞存活率及ＬＤＨ含量明显高于对照组,ＮＭＤＡ损伤＋红景天甙组细胞存活率明显高于ＮＭＤＡ损伤组,ＬＤＨ含量却明显降低。结论红景天对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤时脑神经细胞具有保护作用。     

大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤精氨酸加压素变化和脑水肿实验…

应用大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注动物模型，观察精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）在急性脑缺血再灌注 伤中的变化及与脑水肿关系，结果表明后脑下部ＡＶＰ含量在脑缺血３０ｍｉｎ明显增加，再灌注６０ｍｉｎ后进一步增加，且与大脑皮层水含量呈显著相关性，提示，ＡＶＰ参与急性脑缺血再灌注损伤，丘脑下部ＡＶＰ含量增高，可加重或促进脑缺血再灌注后脑水肿形成。     

兴奋性氨基酸、氧自由基与缺血再灌注脑损伤关系的实验观察

目的：观察脑缺血再灌注过程中兴奋性氨基酸（Ｅｘｃｉｔａｔｏｒｙ ａｍｉｎｏ ａｃｉｄ,ＥＡＡ）、氧自由基的变化,研究探索脑缺血再灌注损伤的机制。方法：测定假手术组、缺血３０ｍｉｎ再灌注６０ｍｉｎ生理盐水（ＮＳ）处理组和单唾液酸四已糖神经节苷脂（ＧＭ１,１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,ＩＰ）处理组,鼠脑海马组织ＥＡＡ、丙二醛（Ｍａｌｏｎｄｉａｄｅｈｙｄｅ,ＭＤＡ）的含量。实验应用全脑缺血（４ＶＯ）模型,ＥＡＡ采用Ｈ     

羧乙基锗倍半氧化物对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

采用结扎双侧颈总动脉后再通的方法复制大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型，通过测定再灌注后大鼠海马组织中脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ），超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ—Ｐｘ）及ＡＴＰａｓｅ的活性，观察了有机锗─羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（ＣＧＳ）对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后大鼠海马组织中ＭＤＡ水平，明显保护ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ─Ｐｘ、Ｎａ＋Ｋ＋─ＡＴＰａｓｅ及Ｃａ２＋─ＡＴ─Ｐａｓｅ活性。表明ＣＧＳ对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用。     

东菱克栓酶对全脑缺血再灌流损伤脑保护作用的实验研究

本文采用Ｐｕｌｌｓｉｎｅｌｌｉ的４ＶＯ方法制作了大鼠全脑缺血再灌流动动物模型，采用ＴＢＡ法、ＤＴＮＢ直接法测定全脑缺血１０ｍｉｎ再灌流后４８ｈ海马区的过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）和谷光甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）含量变化，计量病理和电子显微镜观察病理变化及东菱精纯克栓酶对其含量变化和病理改变的影响。结果显示：（１）东菱克栓酶可降低海马区ＬＰＯ含量（Ｐ〈０．０１），使ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性上升（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

ACEI对沙土鼠缺血再灌注脑损伤的保护作用

研究血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂（ＡＣＥＩ）对沙土鼠缺血再灌注脑损伤的保护作用。阻断沙土鼠双侧颈总动脉血流３０ｍｉｎ，制成缺血再灌注模型。再灌注２０ｈ后，脑匀浆ＳＯＤ活力下降而ＬＰＯ和ＬＡ含量明显增高；术前或术后给予依那普利混合悬液灌胃，ＳＯＤ活力增加而ＬＰＯ和ＬＡ含量明显下降，差异显著。提示ＡＣＥＩ对缺血再灌注脑损伤具有预防和治疗作用。     

巴曲酶对脑缺血再灌注细胞外液单胺类及其代谢产物的影响——微透析研究

目的巴曲酶对脑缺血再灌流损伤的保护机理。方法采用脑内微透析技术结合高灵敏度的高压液相色谱－电化学检测手段（ＨＰＬＣ－ＥＤ），测定前脑缺血３０ｍｉｎ再灌注１２０ｍｉｎ时的纹状体细胞外液（ＥＣＦ）的ＤＡ、５－ＨＴ和ＮＥ及其代谢产物（５－ＨＩＡＡ）和ＨＶＡ的变化和巴曲酶的影响。结果显示脑缺血时，ＥＣＦＤＡ、ＮＥ及５－ＨＴ明显升高，巴曲酶能显著地降低脑缺血时ＥＣＦＤＡ及再灌注时ＥＣＦＨＶＡ和５－ＨＩＡＡ的水平。结论巴曲酶影响单胺神经递质是对脑缺血再灌注损伤起保护作用的机理之一     

Effects of transection of cervical sympathetic trunk on cerebral infarct volume and oxygen free radical levels in rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

BACKGROUND: Stellate ganglion block (SGB) plays a protective role on the brain, but the precise mechanism of action is not clear.OBJECTIVE: To simulate SGB by transection of the cervical sympathetic trunk (TCST) and to investigate the TCST effects on changes in cerebral infarct volume and oxygen free radical levels in rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A complete randomized control animal experiment was performed at the Institute of Neurological Diseases of Taihe Hospital, Yunyang Medical College from February to December 2005.MATERIALS: A total of 101 healthy Wistar rats, weighing 280-320g, of both genders, aged 17-18 weeks, were used in this study. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) was purchased from Changsha Hongyuan Biological Company. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) assay kits were provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute.METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into a TCST group, a model group and a sham operation group. Successful models were included in the final analysis, with at least 20 rats in each group. After TCST, rat models of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were established in the TCST group by receiving middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by the intraluminal suture method for 2 hours, followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. Rat models of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were made in the model group. Rats in the sham operation group underwent experimental procedures as for the model group, threading depth of 10mm, and middle cerebral artery was not ligated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Brain tissue sections of ten rats from each group were used to measure cerebral infarct volume by TTC staining. Brain tissue homogenate of another ten rats from each group was used to detect SOD activities, MDA contents and NO levels. Rat neurological function was assessed by neurobehavioral measures.RESULTS: Cerebral infarct volume was bigger in the model group than in the TCST group (P<0.05). Twenty four hours after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, SOD activities were lower, whereas MDA contents and NO levels were higher in the TCST and model groups, compared with the sham operation group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the model group, SOD activities were higher, whereas MDA contents and NO levels were lower in the TCST group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: After TCST, cerebral infarct volume is reduced, SOD activities are increased, and MDA contents and NO levels are decreased compared to the model group in rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. These changes may be associated with TCST.     

自由基在大鼠全脑缺血再灌流损伤中作用机理及保精增智液的保护作用

本文采用大鼠４血管关闭方法制作了全脑血再灌流模型。于再灌流后２４ｈ取双侧海马，分别采用Ｐｒｏｇａｌｌｏｌ－ＮＢＴ和改良的ＴＢＡ法测定了ＳＯＤ活性和ＬＰＯ含量。结果ＳＯＤ明显低于对照组而ＬＰＯ明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。同时观察了一种新的中药方剂—保精增智液对自由基的拮抗作用，实验证明该药造模后给药效果不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５），造模前给药可使ＬＰＯ下降及ＳＯＤ上升，与对照组比较差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。证明该药对全脑缺血再灌流损伤引起的自由基升高有保护作用。     

维生素E、C在CVD与PD患者中抗氧化作用的临床研究

目的 探讨维生素E（Vit E)与维生素C（Vit C)在脑血管病（CVD）与帕金森病（PD）中的抗氧化作用。方法 检测CVD162例和PD77例共239例患者服用VitE和VitC前后血浆Vit E、Vit C、过氧化脂质（LPO）水平和红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性,并与对照组进行了比较。结果 服药前两组患者血浆Vit E、Vit C水平和红细胞SOD活性明显低于正常对照组;服药后两组患者的Vit E、Vit C水平和SOD活性无明显变化,而CVD组的LPO值升高。结论 CVD和PD患者可能有Vit E、Vit C水平和SOD活性降低,服用Vit E、Vit C后仅见CVD患者的LPO值升高,但匀不能象健康对照组那样提高Vit E、Vit C水平和SOD活性。     

亚低温对脑出血患者血清和血肿引流物中ET，NOS，MDA，SOD ，LPO的影响

目的：研究亚低温对高血压性脑出血患者务 和脑血肿引流物中内皮素（ET），一氧化氮合酶（NOS），丙二醛（MDA），超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），脂质过氧化物（LPO）的影响。方法：对本院神经外科行脑血肿清除术或穿刺引流术的高血压性脑出血患者随机分为亚低温组（24例）和对照组（36例），并将两组患者血清和脑血肿引流物（浓缩10倍）送检，ET和NOS采用RIA法，SOD和MDA采用黄嘌呤酶法。结果：亚低温治疗后务 和脑血肿引物ET，MDA及LPO含量均较对照组及治疗前低（P＜0．01）。而务 和脑血肿引流物SOD及NOS含量分别较对照组及治疗前高（P＜0．01，P＜0．05），结论：亚低温治疗高血压性脑出血是非常有益的。     

尼莫地平对大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤早期保护作用的研究

目的探讨尼莫地平对急性脑缺血再灌注损伤的早期保护作用。方法线栓法复制大鼠急性脑缺血模型。30只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术、模型、尼莫地平3组。模型组采取缺血2h再灌注2h。尼莫地平组大鼠在缺血0时刻起每小时腹腔注射给药一次,剂量为5mg/kg。各组大鼠在手术4h后实验结束后,行腹主动脉采血,同时取完整脑组织。脑组织切片进行TTC染色,并比较各组脑组织梗死面积。检测各组大鼠血清及脑组织匀浆中SOD、MDA、NO含量。结果与模型组相比,尼莫地平组大鼠脑组织梗死面积显著减少。血清生化指标显示,模型组SOD含量显著低于假手术组,给予尼莫地平治疗后,SOD含量增加明显。模型组MDA、NO含量明显高于假手术组,尼莫地平组明显降低血清中MDA、NO。结论尼莫地平对大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,这种保护作用与NO和氧化应激密切相关。     

不同时间脑室注射BDNF对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 观察大鼠脑缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤前后不同时间脑室注射外源性脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)对脑损伤的影响. 方法 70只成年雄性Wistar大鼠,按照随机数字表法分为7组(n=10):正常对照组(C组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、缺血前12、6 h、缺血即刻及再灌注6、12 h BDNF给药组(即 A1组、A2组、A3组、A4组、A5组).采用线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)I/R模型,给药各组分别于上述各时间点经侧脑室注射0.5μg BDNF.观察缺血侧脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及脑皮层凋亡神经细胞的变化,并每组随机取一术侧大脑皮层1 mm×1 mm组织块作电镜标本,观察脑组织超微结构的改变.结果 与I/R组比较,BDNF侧脑室给药各组脑组织SOD活性明显增强,MDA含量明显降低,脑皮层神经细胞凋亡指数明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).A1、A2组较其他给药组脑组织SOD活性较高(分别为25.02±2.77、24.01±1.03),MDA含量(分别为10.35±1.23、12.29±0.92)以及神经细胞凋亡指数(分别为21.77±3.56、23.84±2.63)较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).BDNF给药各组脑组织超微结构损伤改变不大或仅有轻微的改变,而I/R组脑组织超微结构表现出严重的损伤. 结论 不同时间脑室注射外源性BDNF对大鼠局灶性脑I/R损伤有不同程度的保护作用,且具有较强的时间依赖性,以缺血前应用的脑保护效果较为明显,其机制可能与BDNF能够增加体内抗氧化物质SOD的活性及抑制神经细胞凋亡等有关.     

血管紧张素-(1-7)对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的神经保护作用

目的 探讨血管紧张素-(1-7)[Ang-(1-7)]对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法 对Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠制备大脑中动脉梗死(MCAO)模型和假手术模型,并于再灌注24 h和48 h以微型渗透泵从侧脑室给予Ang-(1-7)(100 pmol,0.5 μL/h)或人工脑脊液(aCSF)(0.5 μL/h),由此分组为假手术组(假手术+aCSF)、Ang-(1-7)治疗组[MCAO+Ang-(1-7)]和aCSF治疗组(MCAO+aCSF).检测实验大鼠神经功能评分、再灌注48 h后脑水肿以及再灌注24 h后脑梗死体积,并以试剂盒测定再灌注24 h和48 h后缺血脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,以原位末端标记法(TUNEL)检测再灌注48 h后脑梗死灶周围组织神经细胞凋亡数.结果 Ang-(1-7)治疗MCAO模型大鼠,能显著改善神经功能评分(P<0.05)、缩小脑梗死体积(P<0.05)、降低组织MDA含量(P<0.05)、提高组织SOD活性(P<0.01),并明显减少脑梗死灶周围组织神经细胞凋亡数(P<0.01),但对脑组织含水量无明显影响作用.结论 Ang-(1-7)可能通过抗氧化应急反应、减轻神经细胞凋亡程度等实现治疗缺血再灌注损伤、神经保护作用.     

肢体缺血预处理对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠自噬的影响

目的探讨肢体缺血预处理对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠自噬的影响。方法将60只Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、肢体缺血预处理组(LIPC组)、3-甲基嘌呤组(3-MA组),每组15只。制作脑缺血再灌注、肢体缺血预处理及3-MA干预大鼠模型,在脑缺血2 h再灌注24 h后进行神经功能缺陷评分和脑梗死体积测定,HE染色观察细胞形态学改变,Western Bloting法检测自噬相关蛋白Beclin-1、Cathepsin B的表达。结果与I/R组比较,LIPC组神经功能缺陷评分降低(P<0.05),脑梗体积明显减小(P<0.05),细胞损伤、坏死减轻(P<0.05),Beclin-1、Cathepsin B的蛋白表达明显减弱(P<0.05)。结论 LIPC对缺血再灌注损伤大脑具有保护作用,其机制可能与减弱自噬水平有关。     

Mesenteric lymph reperfusion may exacerbate brain injury in a rat model of superior mesenteric artery occlusion shock

BACKGROUND:The intestinal lymphatic pathway and intestinal ischemia/reperfusion are mainly involved in mesenteric lymph duct ligation or drainage; moreover,intervention by reducing the lymph liquid reflux might relieve lung and other organ dysfunction induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion; however,research addressing mesenteric lymph reperfusion (MLR) and brain injury has not yet to be reported.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of MLR on brain tissue in a rat model of superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) shock,and to explore the molecular mechanism of MLR.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized,controlled,animal experiment at a neuro-pathophysiology level was performed at the Institute of Microcirculation,Hebei North University; Department of Pathophysiology,Basic Medical College; Department of Pathology,the First Hospital of Hebei North University between December 2007 and March 2009.MATERIALS:Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) standard was provided by the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products; lactic acid (LA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),malonaldehyde (MDA),nitrogen monoxidum (NO),nitric oxide synthase (NOS),myeloperoxidase (MPO) and ATPase assay kits were provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute,China.METHODS:A total of 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups.In the sham-surgery group (n = 6),both the mesenteric lymph duct and the superior mesenteric artery were not blocked; in the MLR group (n = 6),the mesenteric lymph duct was occluded for 1 hour followed by 2-hour reperfusion; in the SMAO group (n = 6),the superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 1 hour followed by 2-hour reperfusion; in the MLR + SMAO group (n = 6),both the mesenteric lymph duct and superior mesenteric artery were occluded for 1 hour followed by 2-hour reperfusion.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Mean arterial blood pressure prior to and following ischemia/reperfusion; brain tissue morphology levels of LA,MDA,SOD,NO,NOS,MPO,ATPase and ATP following reperfusion.RESULTS:MLR did not cause changes in mean arterial blood pressure,brain tissue morphology,LA,MDA,NO,ATP,SOD,NOS,MPO and ATPase.However,SMAO caused a rapid decrease and gradual increase of mean arterial blood pressure.Neuronal necrosis,degeneration and swelling were observed in brain tissue.Contents of MDA,NO,LA and ATP as well as activities of NOS and MPO were significantly increased (P< 0.05),but activities of SOD and Na+-K+-ATPase were significantly decreased (P < 0.05).MLR aggravated neuronal damage in a rat model of SMAO shock.Following MLR,mean arterial blood pressure was significantly decreased (P < 0.05),contents of MDA and NO as well as activities of NOS and MPO were significantly increased (P <0.05),but activities of Ca2+-ATPase,Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase as well as ATP content were significantly decreased (P< 0.05).CONCLUSION:MLR aggravates brain injury in a rat model of SMAO shock,which correlates with oxygen-derived free radical injury,NO synthesis and release,sequestration of neutrophilic granulocytes,decreasing activity of cell membrane pumps and energy metabolism dysfunction.Pathogenesis of the intestinal lymphatic pathway should be thoroughly investigated to prevent ischemia/reperfusion injury.