仫佬族9项头面部群体遗传学特征

目的：了解仫佬族头面部群体遗传学特征。方法：采取随机整群抽样法,调查仫佬族309例中学生 (男 120例,女 189例)9项遗传学指标。结果：(1)仫佬族有内眦褶率(72.17%),有上眼睑皱褶率(84.12%),铲型门齿(96.12%),凸鼻梁率(6.47%),宽鼻孔率(79.29%),突型下颏率(29.13%),有耳垂率(74.11%),额头发际有尖率(24.87%),卷发率(0.97%)。 (2)除了上眼睑皱褶外,其余 8项指标类型出现率性别间均无显著差异 ;(3)9项指标彼此间相关性极小。结论：仫佬族头面部群体遗传学特征与别的民族相比,存在一定的差异。     

云南省蒙古族9项头面部群体遗传学特征简

 目的 了解云南蒙古族头面部群体遗传学特征。方法 采用随机整群抽样法调查云南省通海县208例（男性105例,女性103例）蒙古族9项头面部群体遗传学指标。结果 1）云南蒙古族有内眦褶率89.5%,上眼睑皱褶率91.4%,铲型门齿率96.19%,凸鼻梁率32.4%,宽鼻孔率80%,突型下颏率32.4%,耳垂率76.2%,额头发际有尖率21%,卷发率7.7%;2）除了耳垂类型和鼻梁类型外,其余7项指标类型出现率在性别间均无显著性差异;3）9项特征彼此间相关性极小;4）与内蒙古9个蒙古族人群相比,多存在极显著差异。结论 与北方内蒙古蒙古族群体差异较大。     

云南省蒙古族9项头面部群体遗传学特征

目的了解云南蒙古族头面部群体遗传学特征。方法采用随机整群抽样法调查云南省通海县208例(男性105例,女性103例)蒙古族9项头面部群体遗传学指标。结果 1)云南蒙古族有内眦褶率89.5%,上眼睑皱褶率91.4%,铲型门齿率96.19%,凸鼻梁率32.4%,宽鼻孔率80%,突型下颏率32.4%,耳垂率76.2%,额头发际有尖率21%,卷发率7.7%;2)除了耳垂类型和鼻梁类型外,其余7项指标类型出现率在性别间均无显著性差异;3)9项特征彼此间相关性极小;4)与内蒙古9个蒙古族人群相比,多存在极显著差异。结论云南蒙古族与北方内蒙古蒙古族群体差异较大。     

Effects of myelopeptides on immune response and morphometrical manifestations of inflammation in experimental penetrating wound of the eye

Myelopid and MP-1 myelopeptide increase the count of antibody-producing cells, reduced under the effect of injury and standard therapy, and do not modify the suppression of delayed hypersensitivity. Injections of myelopid and MP-3 together with standard drugs optimized the traumatic inflammation processes. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 3, pp. 313–315, March, 2008     

Ligand inhibition studies on the role of Fc receptors in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

Subjection of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to a temp shift from 4 to 37 degrees C resulted in a shedding of Fc receptors (termed FcRI) from 40-50% of FcR-positive cells followed by their re-expression within 4 hr; a phenomenon which had no effect on the cells' antibody-dependent killing capacity. Removal of lymphocytes having an immobile form of the Fc receptor resistant to the effects of the temp shift (termed FcRII), or removal of lymphocytes bearing both FcRI and FcRII, resulted in a similar amount of reduction in ADCC activity. This was attributed, therefore, to the loss of FcRII-positive cells. The influence of isolated (shedded) FcRI and Clq on ADCC activity was investigated. Soluble FcRI was shown to inhibit ADCC mediated through the immobile Fc receptors (FcRII), despite its lack of an ability to block EA rosette formation through these receptors. Clq also had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on ADCC. These observations are consistent with earlier findings that FcRII possesses two active binding sites; and suggest that a prerequisite for killing in ADCC is the interaction of these with the C gamma 2 and C gamma 3 domains. The ability of synthetic peptides representative of human gamma 1-chain sequences to inhibit ADCC was determined, in an attempt to locate those sites within the IgG antibody Fc region involved in interaction with two FcR binding sites. Preliminary evidence was obtained to suggest that one of these is situated within the C gamma 2 domain, in the region of residues 274 (Lys)-294 (Glu).     

不同设计的Ⅰ类洞型对修复牙体应力的影响

目的：评价不同设计的Ⅰ类洞型对修复体产生应力的影响.方法：在后牙牙合面设计圆柱、圆台及圆球三种Ⅰ类洞型分别进行复合树脂充填,采用三维有限元法对承受不同垂直向力所产生的应力进行数值分析.结果：在所设计的三种洞形垂直向全咬合面上加载时,应力峰值分别为2.108MPa、2.589MPa和2.681MPa;在1/2咬合面垂直向加载时,应力峰值分别为16.720MPa、16.242MPa和15.537MPa;即二种加载条件下,三类洞形的应力峰值之间均无显著差异.结论：后牙树脂修复时,窝洞洞角的改变对牙体承载能力无显著影响.     

乙醇代谢酶基因多态与肿瘤关系研究进展

致癌物代谢酶基因多态是肿瘤遗传易感性的一个重要方面,体内参与惭醇代谢的酶主要有乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）,乙醛脱氢酶（ALDH）和细胞色素P450－2E1（CYP2E1）,它们均存在基因多态现象,有研究表明,乙醇代谢酶基因多态与肝癌,胃癌和食管癌等肿瘤存在关联,但结果不一致。     

Insulin and the CNS: effects on food intake, memory, and endocrine parameters and the role of intranasal insulin administration in humans

Insulin is mainly known for its peripheral effects on the metabolism of glucose, fats, and proteins. However, insulin also exerts important actions within the brain, and functions as a neuropeptide. The brain can thus be regarded as both an insulin-sensitive and a glucose-sensitive organ. Its neuroanatomical basis is the localization of insulin receptors, predominantly in the olfactory bulbs, hypothalamus, and hippocampus. Data obtained in animal experiments reveal an interesting insulin profile in the brain. Central insulin affects glucoregulation. As long as peripheral euglycemia is maintained, it was shown to reduce food intake and body weight and to improve learning and memory. Cognitive dysfunctions in dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) are associated with insulin deficiency within the brain, and memory improves in DAT patients when insulin levels increase. After describing these actions of insulin in the brain, we address here the transport of insulin into the brain. Insulin can either be transported from the periphery to the brain, or be administered directly into the brain. To reach insulin receptors directly, animals are typically administered insulin via the cerebral ventricles. For humans, the intranasal route is a practicable way to reach the brain while maintaining euglycemia. Additionally, the localization of insulin receptors in the olfactory bulb makes insulin interesting for the nose-to-brain pathway. Promising initial results have been reported with intranasally administered insulin corresponding to the diverse actions of insulin in the brain. Interestingly, initial data indicate that states of central insulin deficiencies (DAT and obesity) are accompanied by olfactory deviations. Thus, the nose-to-brain pathway deserves further attention.     

1990～1997年云南IDUs HIV-1 B亚型分离株膜蛋白V3环顶端四肽基因序列的变化趋势

目的　观察云南静脉药瘾 (IDUs)HIV 1分离株env基因V3环顶端四肽氨基酸和相应核苷酸序列随时间推移的变化。方法　根据 1990～ 1997年间 6 2株HIV 1分离株env基因C2 V3区DNA序列 ,对HIV 1膜蛋白V3环顶端四肽基因序列 (基序 )及其编码核苷酸进行分析 ,并探讨其随时间推移的变化趋势。结果　 1990～ 1997年间 6 2株HIV 1毒株膜蛋白V3环顶端四肽基序有程度不同的氨基酸变异 ,主要表现在第四位氨基酸的改变 ,变异呈现一定的趋向性。 6 2株云南标本中有 46例(74 2 % )为GPGR ,10例 (16 1% )为GPGQ ,4例 (6 4% )为GPGK ,另有 2例 (3 3% )为GPER且四肽基序编码核苷酸的变异主要表现为A→G的改变。结论　 1990～ 1997年这一时期内 ,云南IDUs特定感染者范围内HIV 1分离株膜蛋白V3环顶端四肽序列已表现出较大的趋向性 ,符合HIV 1国际B亚型SF2株的GPGR模式     

NMR spectroscopic studies on the late onset form of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type I and other defects in leucine metabolism

A diagnosis of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type I (OMIM: 250950) based on elevated urinary excretion of 3-methylglutaconic acid (3MGA), 3-methylglutaric acid (3MG) and 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid (3HIVA) was made in a 61-year-old female patient presenting with leukoencephalopathy slowly progressing over more than 30 years. The diagnosis was confirmed at the enzymatic and molecular level. In vivo brain MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) was performed at 3.0 T, and one-dimensional and two-dimensional in vitro NMR spectroscopy of body fluids of the patient was performed at 11.7 T. Additionally, we measured 1D (1)H-NMR spectra of urine of seven patients with a total of four different inborn errors of leucine metabolism. Increased concentrations of 3HIVA, 3MGA (cis and trans) and 3MG were observed in the NMR spectra of the patient's urine. In the cerebrospinal fluid, the 3HIVA concentration was 10 times higher than in the plasma of the patient and only the cis isomer of 3MGA was observed. In vivo brain MRSI showed an abnormal resonance at 1.28 ppm that may be caused by 3HIVA. Comparison of (1)H-NMR spectra of urine samples from all eight patients studied, representing five different inborn errors of leucine metabolism, showed that each disease has typical NMR characteristics. Our leukoencephalopathy patient suffers from a late-onset form of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type I. In the literature, only very few adult patients with this conditions have been described, and 3HIVA accumulation in white matter in the brain has not been presented before in these patients. Our data demonstrate that (1)H-NMR spectroscopy of urine can easily discriminate between the known inborn errors of leucine metabolism and provide the correct diagnosis.     

Impact of genetic polymorphisms near the IL28B gene and amino acid substitutions in the hepatitis C virus core region on interferon sensitivity/resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis C

It has been reported that genetic polymorphisms near the IL28B gene or amino acid substitutions in hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein are associated with the clinical outcome of peginterferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin combination therapy. The impact of these factors on the pure sensitivity/resistance to interferon was evaluated. Changes in the HCV RNA levels 24, 48, 72, and 120 hr after administering a single dose of standard interferon (IFN) were measured in 156 HCV-infected patients. The changes were compared based on the genetic polymorphisms near the IL28B gene or amino acid substitutions in the HCV core region. Among patients with HCV genotype 1b, there were differences in the reduction and subsequent increase in HCV RNA levels after administering IFN based on rs8099917 genetic polymorphisms. Amino acid substitutions at residue 70 were associated with differences in the changes in HCV RNA levels only in patients with TG/GG genotype. Multivariate analyses showed that genetic polymorphisms near the IL28B gene was the sole independent factor that was associated with the reduction in HCV RNA levels after administering IFN and the final response to the combination therapy. Among patients infected with HCV genotype 2a or 2b, there were no differences in the changes in HCV RNA levels based on the genetic polymorphisms near the IL28B gene. In HCV genotype 1b, genetic variations near the IL28B gene affected the sensitivity/resistance to IFN strongly. Genetic polymorphisms near the IL28B gene did not affect the sensitivity/resistance to IFN in HCV genotype 2.