建立符合肝癌肝移植术后肝癌复发规律的大鼠模型

【目的】建立能反映肝癌肝移植特点的肝癌复发动物模型。【方法】选用Wistar大鼠,实验组大鼠给予肝移植术后常规联合免疫抑制方案(MP+CSA),对照组仅同法使用生理盐水,两组均接受经门静脉系统接种walker-256肿瘤细胞株手术,观察60d,死后剖腹探查取病理检查。【结果】实验组手术时间为(22.6±0.6)min,对照组为(22.1±0.7)min,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);实验组生存时间为(14.8±2.3)d,对照组为(40.9±5.3)d,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组大鼠体质量减轻量(53.5±2.6)g,较对照组体质量减轻量(34.6±5.8)g差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组大鼠肿瘤复发率为95%(19/20),对照组为40%(8/20),实验组大鼠肿瘤的复发率明显高于对照组大鼠(P<0.05)。【结论】该模型能够有效模拟肝癌肝移植术后肿瘤复发的主要特征,可以作为研究肝癌肝移植术后肿瘤复发的理想大鼠模型。     

口服雷帕霉素抑制支架内再狭窄的血管内超声的实验研究

目的应用血管内超声(IVUS)观测口服雷帕霉素抑制支架内再狭窄的作用。方法通过球囊损伤腹主动脉和高脂(1%胆固醇)饲料喂养雄性新西兰纯种兔8周,然后将其分为对照组、口服雷帕霉素组、裸支架组、裸支架+口服雷帕霉素组和雷帕霉素药物涂层支架组,每组8只。口服雷帕霉素每天0.5 mg/kg或支架干预4周。检测动脉粥样硬化造模前后及干预前后的血脂指标,应用IVUS检测各组实验兔支架置入前后及用药前后腹主动脉病变部位管腔最小直径(MLD)、血管外弹力膜面积(EEMA)、管腔面积(LA)、斑块面积(PA),并计算管腔丢失、斑块负荷(PB)、斑块的偏心指数(EI)及血管的重构指数(RI)。通过比较各组IVUS指标,明确口服雷帕霉素抑制支架内再狭窄的作用。结果 与对照组及裸支架组比较,口服雷帕霉素组、裸支架+口服雷帕霉素组以及雷帕霉素涂层支架组的血脂指标未见明显降低。口服雷帕霉素组、裸支架+雷帕霉素组、雷帕霉素药物支架组的PA、PB均明显小于对照组和裸支架组(P均<0.01);裸支架+雷帕霉素组、雷帕霉素药物支架组的MLD明显高于裸支架组,管腔丢失明显小于裸支架组(P均<0.05),而裸支架+雷帕霉素组、雷帕霉素药物支架组未见明显差异。结论 口服雷帕霉素能够抑制斑块生长、降低支架内再狭窄,口服雷帕霉素配合裸支架与雷帕霉素药物支架的作用相似。     

ACE 抑制剂Ramipril对大鼠急性心肌梗死后心肌细胞凋亡 和左室重构的影响

  【目的】 研究急性心肌梗死时雷米普利短期干预对血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)水平和凋亡相关基因Fas-L的转录水平及进一步对心肌细胞凋亡及心室重构的影响?【方法】 通过结扎雄性Wister大鼠左冠状动脉,造成急性心肌梗死模型?随机分成对照组和雷米普利治疗组?治疗组灌胃每天给予雷米普利2.5 mg/kg共2周?2周后测定血流动力学及循环血AngⅡ水平,并取左心室肌检测心肌细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因Fas-L的mRNA的表达?【结果】 雷米普利干预2周后,SBP?DBP和MAP的变化与对照组比较无统计学意义(P > 0.05),但LVPmax和±dp/dt显著升高(P < 0.05),LVEDP显著降低(P < 0.05)?循环血中AngⅡ含量(P < 0.05)?对照组Fas-L基因mRNA表达明显增加(P < 0.05),雷米普利显著抑制其表达(P < 0.05)?心梗2周后假手术组?对照组?雷米普利治疗组的心肌凋亡指数分别为1.15%?72.52%和34.75%,雷米普利显著抑制凋亡(P < 0.05)?【结论】 急性心肌梗死中,雷米普利的短期干预可以抑制心肌细胞凋亡,改善心室重构,保护心功能?其部分机制可能与降低AngⅡ含量?调节凋亡相关基因Fas-L的表达有关?     

丙戊酸钠对慢性粒细胞白血病细胞株K562增殖 和凋亡的影响

 【目的】 探讨丙戊酸钠(VPA)对慢性粒细胞白血病细胞株(K562细胞)增殖的影响及其可能机制?【方法】 利用CCK-8法检测药物对细胞生长的影响;利用流式细胞仪检测药物处理后的细胞凋亡和细胞周期情况?【结果】 VPA对K562细胞生长具有浓度-时间依赖性抑制作用;同时引起细胞凋亡增加(11.47% ± 0.25%),与正常对照组(4.77% ± 0.40%)比差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);G0/G1期细胞增多(82.30% ± 9.41%),S期细胞减少(12.88% ± 6.99%),细胞被阻滞在在G0/G1期(P < 0.05)?【结论】 VPA能够阻滞K562细胞于G0/G1期,最终抑制肿瘤细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡?     

雷帕霉素对血管平滑肌细胞增殖影响的实验研究

 【目的】观察雷帕霉素（rapamycin）对体外培养的大鼠胸主动脉平滑肌细胞（SMC）增殖的作用。【方法】组织贴块法体外原代培养大鼠胸主动脉平滑肌细胞，取对数生长期细胞（第6-10代）用作实验，MTr法检测不同浓度雷帕霉素对平滑肌细胞增殖的效果，并用RT-PCR法检测其对平滑肌细胞增殖细胞核抗原（proliferating cell nuclear antigen，PCNA）mRNA表达情况的影响。【结果】①MTT法检测显示雷帕霉素呈剂量依赖性抑制体外培养的大鼠平滑肌细胞增殖，各组吸光值似）分别为：对照组0．902±0．106；0．1ng／mL组0．873±0．079；1ng／mL组0．797±0．046；10ng／mL组0．692±0．061；100ng／mL组0．624±0．075。方差分析差异有显著性。F=28．85，P〈0．001；两两比较1ng／mL以上浓度组与对照组间差异均有显著性，不同浓度间差异显著。0．1ng/mL组与对照组相比差异无显著性。②RT-PCR显示雷帕霉素以浓度依赖模式抑制大鼠平滑肌细胞PCNA-mRNA合成。各组校正后光密度值分别为：对照组219．35±7．20；0．1ng／mL组212．39±6．56；1ng/mL组113．15±10．09；10ng／mL组97．17±12．25；100ng／mL组84．38±8．66。方差分析F=195．49，P〈0．001。两两比较与MTT检测相同。【结论】雷帕霉素呈剂量依赖性显著抑制大鼠平滑肌细胞的增殖，1ng／mL时即可明显起效。雷帕霉素有望成为治疗内支架术后再狭窄的理想药物之一。     

大鼠缺血缺氧过程脑皮质神经化学物质的变化

 【目的】运用离体高分辨质子磁共振波谱学(1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H NMRS)方法对全脑缺血后大鼠脑皮质神经代谢和神经化学物质的变化进行检测,探讨其在缺血再灌注损伤的病理生理过程中的作用?【方法】 雄性Wistar大鼠30只,随机分为假手术组(对照组,n=15)及实验组(缺血/再灌注组,n=15);其中,两组动物再分为两个组,即液体高分辨组(n=8)?免疫组化组(n=7);实验组动物接受全脑缺血再灌注的处理?观察全脑缺血/再灌注后大鼠脑皮质内的神经化学或神经代谢物包括肌酸/磷酸肌酸(creatine,Cr)?乳酸(lactic acid, Lac)?N-乙酰-天冬氨酸复合物(N-acetyl-aspartate, NAA)?γ-氨基丁酸(gama-aminobutyric acid, GABA)?谷氨酸(glutamate, Glu)?谷氨酰胺(glutamine,Gln)?牛磺酸(taurine,Tau)以及肌醇(myo-inositol, myo-Ins )等浓度的变化?同时采用免疫组织化学的方法,对该脑皮质区域内的胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP)的变化进行观察?【结果】 与对照组相比较,所检测的实验组大鼠脑皮质的主要神经化学物质中(mmol/kg)Lac(10.97 ± 1.07)?Gln(5.57 ± 0.34)和Tau(6.11 ± 0.31)总浓度显著升高(P < 0.05),Glu(10.41 ± 0.61)的总浓度显著降低(P < 0.05),而Cr(7.85 ±1.10)?NAA(6.91 ± 0.33)?GABA(2.44 ± 0.09)和myo-Ins(5.03 ± 0.32)的总浓度变化没有显著性(P > 0.05)?同时,免疫组织化学结果显示,实验组与对照组大鼠脑皮质内星形胶质细胞的标志物质GFAP着色光密度与细胞数量之间不存在显著的差异性?【结论】 高分辨的1H NMRS方法,结合相应的组织学和组织病理学方法和技术,适合于对一些诸如脑缺血再灌注损伤的中枢神经系统(central nervous system, CNS)疾病复杂的病理生理机制进行研究,有助于同时对该种类型的疾病的组织病理学和神经化学机制以及组织细胞能量代谢变化的研究。     

脂肪组织中IRS-1相关的PI3K活性在多囊巢综合征 胰岛素抵抗中的作用

 【目的】 探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)脂肪组织胰岛素受体底物I相关的磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(IRS-1-Associcrted-PI3K)的活性在PCOS发病中的作用?【方法】 PCOS患者和对照者根据体质量指数(BMI)分为PCOS肥胖组?PCOS非肥胖组? 肥胖对照组和非肥胖对照组,各12例,采用免疫沉淀?薄层层析?放射自显影半定量检测脂肪组织IRS-1相关的PI3K活性?【结果】 脂肪组织中IRS-1- Associated PI3K 活性在PCOS肥胖组为55% ± 24%,较非肥胖对照组84% ± 16%明显降低(P < 0.001);肥胖对照组为46% ± 22%,PCOS非肥胖组为71% ± 26%,均较非肥胖对照组明显降低(P < 0.001和P < 0.05), PCOS肥胖组和肥胖对照组之间以及PCOS肥胖组和PCOS非肥胖组之间的差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)?【结论】 PCOS肥胖组和PCOS非肥胖组脂肪组织IRS-1相关的PI3K活性均较非肥胖对照组明显减弱,可能抑制胰岛素受体后的信号传导,并与PCOS胰岛素抵抗的发生有关?     

雷帕霉素诱导人黑素瘤细胞M14自噬及Bcl-2?Bax表达的变化

目的:对雷帕霉素诱导黑素瘤细胞发生自噬的过程进行观察,并初步探讨其可能的机制?方法:不同浓度雷帕霉素(10?50?100 nmol/L)处理黑素瘤细胞M14,采用MDC荧光染色检测自噬囊泡;免疫细胞化学法检测自噬蛋白LC3B的表达;透射电子显微镜观察黑素瘤细胞超微结构的变化;Western blot检测细胞内凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和Bax的表达;采用罗丹明123染色(Rhodamine 123)流式细胞术检测线粒体膜电位的变化;MTT比色法检测雷帕霉素对M14细胞增殖的抑制作用?结果:经不同浓度的雷帕霉素处理后,MDC阳性细胞数增多,M14细胞发生自噬;自噬蛋白LC3B的表达增强;自噬水平随雷帕霉素浓度的升高而逐渐增强?透射电子显微镜观察可见M14细胞质内有大量独立双层膜结构?线粒体肿胀并出现自噬体?自噬溶酶体?Western blot结果显示雷帕霉素可以下调M14细胞中的凋亡抑制蛋白Bcl-2的表达,同时上调凋亡诱导蛋白Bax的表达?雷帕霉素可引起M14细胞的线粒体膜电位下降,与对照组相比差异显著(P < 0.05)?10~100 nmol/L的雷帕霉素明显抑制黑素瘤细胞M14的增殖,该作用呈剂量依赖性,随着药物浓度的升高,抑制率增加,与空白对照组比较均有显著性差异(P < 0.01)?结论:10~100 nmol/L的雷帕霉素可诱导黑素瘤细胞发生自噬,抑制细胞的生长?其机制可能与蛋白Bcl-2和Bax表达水平有关?     

老年脓毒症患者外周血单核细胞Toll样受体表达谱的改变

目的:观察老年脓毒症患者外周血单核细胞Toll样受体(TLR)表达谱的改变?方法:37例脓毒症患者,按照年龄分为成年脓毒症组(<60岁,17例)?老年脓毒症组(≥60岁,20例),同时设立健康对照:成年对照组(<60岁,20例)?老年对照组(≥60岁,20例)?流式细胞仪检测外周血单核细胞Toll样受体的表达?结果:老年对照组?成年对照组均以TLR6?TLR8表达最高,两组间无明显差异?成年脓毒症组TLR2[(69.97 ± 29.29)%]?TLR7[(24.73 ± 22.77)%]较成年对照组TLR2[(16.00 ± 18.62)%]?TLR7[(3.92 ± 3.06)%]明显增高(P < 0.05)?老年脓毒症组TLR2[(27.44 ± 33.64)%]较老年对照组TLR2[(3.61 ± 5.92)%]明显增高(P < 0.05)?老年脓毒症组TLR2[(27.44 ± 33.64)%]?TLR8[(15.30 ± 21.25)%]较成年脓毒症组TLR2[(69.97 ± 29.29)%]?TLR8[(34.75 ± 27.64)%]明显降低(P < 0.05),余无明显差异?结论:正常老年人外周血单核细胞Toll样受体的分布与成年人相似,TLR2在脓毒症患者中发挥着重要的作用,脓毒症时老年患者免疫反应较成年患者弱?     

二甲双胍改善多囊卵巢综合征大鼠胰岛素敏感性的机制

摘 要: 【目的】 探讨二甲双胍对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)大鼠胰岛素敏感性的作用及机制?【方法】 应用脱氢表雄酮制备PCOS大鼠模型20只,随机分为二甲双胍干预组?PCOS组各10只,同批大鼠设为正常对照组10只?干预前后检测大鼠胰岛素抵抗水平,酶法检测肝脏组织甘油三酯含量,Western blot法检测葡萄糖调节蛋白78 (GRP78)?固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1c(SREBP-1c)和磷酸化AMPKa蛋白(P-AMPKa)的表达变化?【结果】 PCOS 组大鼠表现明显胰岛素抵抗,肝脏组织甘油三酯含量?GRP78和SREBP-1c蛋白表达水平显著高于正常对照组(P < 0.05)?二甲双胍干预后PCOS大鼠胰岛素抵抗明显改善,且其明显抑制了PCOS大鼠肝脏甘油三酯含量升高(P < 0.05)以及GRP78和SREBP-1c蛋白表达的增高(P < 0.05),二甲双胍干预后上述指标与正常组无统计学差异?PCOS 组大鼠肝脏P-AMPKa蛋白表达显著低于正常对照组(P < 0.05),二甲双胍治疗后肝脏P-AMPKa蛋白表达增至正常对照组水平?【结论】 二甲双胍改善PCOS 大鼠胰岛素抵抗和肝脏脂肪沉积,可能与其激活肝脏组织AMPK通路和降低内质网应激水平有关?     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.