DAE,DA方案治疗初治ANLL61例

对本科住院治疗的初治急性作淋巴细胞白血病（ANLL）61例，分别给于DA、DAE方案化疗。结果：①初治ANLLDA方案的CR率64．3％，DAE方案CR率75．8％，两者CR率P＞0．05；②达CR时所需的疗程：DA方案1．7疗程，DAE方案1．4疗程；③两方案毒副反应大致相似、可以耐受。结论：DAE方案并不能提高CR率，但可能加快CR过程，且不增加毒副作用，可推广运用。     

LD—HA诱导治疗非M3型老年急性髓系白血病疗效观察

目的观察小剂量高三尖杉酯碱＋阿糖胞苷（LD—HA）诱导治疗非M3型老年急性髓系白血病（AML）的疗效和不良反应。方法将35例初治老年AML患者随机分为A组（19例）及B组（16例）。A组采用LD—HA方案：高三尖杉酯碱（H）1～2mg／d,阿糖胞苷（Ara—C）25mg,q12h,第1—14天化疗。B组采用标准剂量HA或DA方案。结果1个疗程结束后,A组和B组的完全缓解（CR）率分别为68．4％和37．5％;病死率分别为10．5％和18．7％,差异有统计学意义。血液学毒性两组差异无统计学意义;非血液学毒性的发生率A组低于B组。结论LD—HA诱导治疗老年AML近期疗效好,不良反应较轻。     

急非淋白血病小剂量三尖杉酯碱与阿糖胞苷诱导缓解后的治疗

采用小剂量三尖杉酯碱与阿糖胞苷联合方案（LD－HA）诱导治疗40例急性非淋巴细胞白血病（ANLL），29例（72．5％）达到完全缓解（CR）。我们分析缓解后治疗的长期效果。21例以DA和HOAP方案进行强烈巩固化疗，中位随访6．6年后，接受≥9疗程巩固强化的10例，其5年无复发生存概率70％±14％，接受≤5疗程的11例患者，5年无复发生存概率0％（P＜0．01）。巩固化疗的毒副作用包括治疗相关死亡1例。结果表明长期巩固强化治疗使患者长期无复发生存得到了改善。     

预激CAG方案治疗老年初治急性髓系白血病的临床分析

目的:评价CAG(阿糖胞苷、阿柔比星、粒细胞集落刺激因子)方案治疗老年初治急性髓系白血病(AML)的疗效及不良反应。方法:64例老年初治AML作为观察对象,其中39例患者予以CAG预激方案治疗,完全缓解(CR)后序贯予原方案、HA(高三尖杉酯碱和阿糖胞苷)、DA(柔红霉素和阿糖胞苷)、MA(米托蒽醌、阿糖胞苷)、中剂量阿糖胞苷巩固治疗至少2个循环;25例患者予以标准方案DA或HA方案化学治疗(化疗),CR后序贯予HA或DA、MA、中剂量阿糖胞苷至少2个循环。观察其疗效及不良反应。结果:CAG预激治疗组1个疗程CR 17例,2个疗程CR 6例,总CR率为59%,7例部分缓解(PR),总有效率77%。常规化疗组患者中1个疗程CR 7例,2个疗程CR 4例,总CR率为44%,2例PR,总有效率52%,与CAG预激治疗组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CAG组的胃肠道反应、感染、出血、脱发、肝功能及肾功能受损、心毒性、骨髓抑制不良反应发生率均明显少于常规化疗组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:CAG预激方案治疗初治老年AML患者较之传统常规治疗具有有效率高、不良反应较小、患者生活质量高的优点,适合老年AML患者使用。     

61例成人急性非淋巴细胞白血病诱导化疗—HA和DA方案的比较

本文报告HA和DA方案治疗急性非淋巴细胞白血病(ANLL)61例,其中33例用HA方案,CR18例(54.3%);28例用DA方案,CR16例(57.1%),两种方案CR率相似(P>0.05)。HA和DA方案治疗的MBDI分别为39.0%、44.8%(P>0.5);病人的中位缓解时间为10月和10.5月;2年持续CR率为48%和43%,HA方案的心脏毒性较DA的小,HA方案对白血病细胞的杀伤及效果表明,它完全可以取代DA方案,具有实用价值。     

以氟达拉滨为主的联合化疗方案治疗初治慢性淋巴细胞白血病临床分析

目的：评价以氟达拉滨为主的联合化疗方案治疗初治慢性淋巴细胞白血病（CLL）的疗效，并观察其不良反应。方法：患者为初治CLL。患者的治疗采用单药氟达拉滨（F）或氟达拉滨加环磷酰胺（FC）方案。结果：CLL患者27例，中位年龄57（41～66）岁，男19例，女8例。14例完全缓解（CR），CR率为51．85％；总有效率（OR）为85．19％。单用F11例，CR率36．36％；FC方案16例，CR率62．5％，2组CR率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。0和Ⅰ期患者17例，CR率为70．59％；Ⅱ～Ⅳ期患者10例，CR率为20％；2者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。23例有效患者随访PFS，中位随访时间为14个月（2～32个月）。中位疾病无进展生存时间（PFS）未达到。结论：以F为基础的方案可以作为CLL的一线治疗方案。FC可能应作为CLL一线治疗的首选方案，特别是对Rai分期0或Ⅰ期患者。     

吡柔比星联合化疗方案治疗急性髓细胞性白血病的疗效观察

治疗组32例,用TA方案:吡柔比星(THP)20～30mg/d静滴3～4天,阿糖胞苷100～200mg/d静滴5～7天为1疗程,间歇14～21天。2个疗程未达CR者更换方案。M_3型者先以全反式维甲酸诱导缓解后再用TA或DA(柔红霉素、阿糖胞苷)方案,M_4和M_5型CR后鞘内注射MTX10mg/次,共4～6次。对照组29例用DA方案。化疗期给予镇吐、保肝、补液,有感染者予抗生素。结果:治疗组CR19例,PR9例,总有效率     

榄香烯乳加联合化疗治疗难治性急性非淋巴细胞白血病疗效观察

目的：评价榄香烯乳联合化疗治疗难治性急性非淋巴细胞白血病（ANLL）的疗效。方法：将28例ANLL患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组使用榄香烯乳300mg加入5％GS500ml中静脉滴注,持续用药14d,同时加联合化疗：高三尖杉酯碱4－6mg静脉滴注,持续7d,阿糖胞苷100－200mg/m^2,第1－7天;对照组单用化疗,方案用量用法同治疗组。结果：治疗组总有效率为75．0％,对照组总有效率为41．7％,两组差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）。结论：榄香烯乳对难治性ANLL有肯定疗效,比单用联合化疗效果好,且不良反应少,无血常规和骨髓抑制。     

拓扑替康与足叶乙甙及环磷酰胺联合治疗慢性粒细胞白血病急变的临床研究

目的：探讨拓扑替康与足叶乙甙及环磷酰胺组成TEC方案治疗慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）急变期的疗效及毒副作用.方法：将34例患者确诊后即应用柔红霉素联合阿糖胞苷（DA）方案治疗，DA方案治疗两疗程后未达缓解或缓解后复发者均予TEC方案治疗两个疗程，其疗效及毒副作用均与DA方案作自身对照.所有患者定期检查血常规、骨髓及肝、肾功能等.分别观察两种方案的疗效及毒副作用.结果：34例中经TEC方案治疗有14例达完全缓解，4例达部分缓解，完全缓解率为41.17%，总有效率为52.94%;16例无反应.主要毒副作用为骨髓抑制.TEC方案疗效优于DA方案，毒副作用无明显加重.结论：TEC方案对CML急变期具有确切疗效，宜于临床推广。     

急性非淋巴细胞白血病MIC分型及其与预后的关系

目的：探讨急性非淋巴细胞白血病（ANNL）MIC分型及其与预后关系。方法：43例ANLL患者进行形态学分型,采用流式细胞术检测白血病细胞免疫类型,骨髓短期培养,G显带技术分析染色体核型,分析比较MIC结果及其与预后的关系。结果：ANLL患者髓系系列CD13、CD33和MPO的表达最为常见,阳性率分别为100．00％、95．38％和53．49％;干／祖细胞CD38、HLA—DR和CD34的阳性率分别为83．72％、74．42％、74．42％,各系列单抗在FAB各亚型原始细胞的表达水平不同,其中CD34和CD7分别在急性混合细胞白血病（HAL）和M5高表达;细胞遗传学检查染色体异常率为53．49％,其中复杂异常的患者CR率明显低于其他组。2例FAB分型为Mo的患者免疫分型为HA1,3例M5和2例M4为伴淋巴系抗原表达的ANLL。结论：形态学结合免疫分型和细胞遗传学检查可以准确地了解白血病细胞的生物学性质,指导临床治疗和判断预后,尤其对于形态学特征不明显的HAL等患者更有价值。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.