缺血预处理对大鼠胰腺移植缺血/再灌注损伤的保护机制

目的探讨缺血预处理对大鼠胰腺移植缺血/再灌注损伤的保护机制。方法建立SD大鼠糖尿病模型。取糖尿病大鼠24只,随机分为缺血/再灌注组(I/R组,n=6)和缺血预处理组(IPC组,n=18),IPC组又平均分为3个亚组:IPC1组(阻断脾血管5min,再灌注5min)、IPC2组[(阻断脾血管5min,再灌注5min)×2次]和IPC3组[(阻断脾血管5min,再灌注5min)×3次]。另取健康SD大鼠6只作为对照组,仅打开腹腔,不做胰腺移植;I/R组和IPC组大鼠均行同种胰腺移植。检测各组胰腺移植再灌注后2h后移植胰组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的活性;用原位末端脱氧核糖核酸转移标记(TUNEL)法观察移植胰组织的细胞凋亡情况;WesternBlot法检测移植胰组织Bcl-2和Bax基因表达情况。结果IPC各组与I/R组相比较,前者移植胰组织中SOD活性明显升高,MPO活性明显降低,细胞凋亡指数明显降低,Bcl-2表达明显升高,Bax表达明显降低,各项检测指标比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IPC各组中又以IPC2组的各项检测指标差异更为显著(P<0.05)。结论缺血预处理可以减少移植胰缺血/再灌注后的细胞凋亡,IPC2组的效果更为突出。其机制可能与缺血预处理减轻嗜中性粒细胞(PMNs)粘附与聚集、减少氧自由基、上调Bcl-2基因和下调Bax基因的表达有关。     

抑肽酶对缺血肺组织ICAM-1和P-选择素基因mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨抑肽酶对在体缺血冷存再灌注后肺组织细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)和P-选择素基因mRNA表达的影响。方法新西兰白兔30只，随机分为3组：对照组、PLD组和抑肽酶组。建立兔在体肺缺血冷存再灌注模型，对照组左肺不灌注肺保护液，阻断左肺门后直接将左肺下叶在体冷存于10℃肺保存器内2h，再灌注2h；IPD组左肺门阻断后经肺动脉灌注IPD液，余同对照组；抑肽酶组灌注液为含抑肽酶的改良IPD液，余同LPD组。分别于左肺门阻断前、缺血2h、再灌注2h取左肺组织。以RT-PCR技术检测P-选择素和ICAM-1基因mRNA表达。结果再灌注2h，对照组和IPD组P-选择素基因mRNA的表达量明显高于缺血前和缺血2h，抑肽酶组则无明显变化。缺血2h和再灌注2h。对照组和LPD组ICAM-1基因mRNA表达量较缺血前均显著升高，且明显高于抑肽酶组。结论抑肽酶可抑制缺血冷存再灌注后肺组织P-选择素和ICAM-1基因mRNA表达上调，有利于减轻肺组织缺血再灌注损伤。     

瑞芬太尼预先给药对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时心肌细胞凋亡相关基因和炎性相关基因表达的影响

目的 探讨瑞芬太尼预先给药对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时心肌细胞凋亡相关基因及炎性相关基因表达的影响.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠24只,体重280～320 g,采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支30 min,再灌注45 min的方法 建立心肌缺血再灌注模型,随机分为3组(n=8):假手术组(S组)动脉下仅穿线,不结扎;缺血再灌注组(IR组)行心肌缺血再灌注;瑞芬太尼预先给药组(R组)以6 μg·kg-1·min-1的速率经股静脉输注瑞芬太尼,15 min后行心肌缺血再灌注.于再灌注45 min时处死大鼠,取左心室心尖部缺血区心肌组织,应用信号转导基因芯片技术检测心肌细胞凋亡相关基因及炎性相关基因的表达.结果 与S组比较,IR组Bax基因,Bcl-2基因、Bcl-2L1基因和Birclb基因表达下调;肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)基因、细胞间粘附分子1(ICAM-1)基因表达上调,Birc3基因、白细胞介素2(IL-2)基因、IL-2rα基因、IL-4基因表达正常.与IR组比较,R组Bar基因、Bcl-2基因、Bcl-2L1基因Birclb和Bitc3基因表达上调,ICAM-1基因表达下调,IL-2基因、IL-2rα基因、IL-4基因、TNF-α基因表达正常.与S组和R组比较,IR组Bcl-2/Bax基因比降低(P<0.05).结论 瑞芬太尼预先给药可减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤,其机制与上调抗心肌细胞凋亡相关基因表达和下调促炎性相关基因表达有关.     

氟比洛芬酯对大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨氟比洛芬酯对大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 SPF级雄性健康成年SD大鼠60只,体重250 ～ 300 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=20):假手术组(S组)、肺缺血再灌注组(IR组)和氟比洛芬酯组(FA组).采用阻断左肺门60 min再灌注120 min的方法制备肺缺血再灌注模型.FA组开胸前15 min经股静脉注射氟比洛芬酯10 mg/kg.于左肺门再灌注120 min时处死大鼠,取肺组织,计算肺湿干重比和凋亡指数,检测肺组织NF-κB活性、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达,计算Bcl-2/Bax比,并观察病理学结果.结果 与S组比较,IR组和FA组肺组织湿干重比、凋亡指数和NF-κB活性增强,Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达上调,IR组Bcl-2/Bax比降低,FA组Bcl-2/Bax比升高(P＜0.01);与IR组比较,FA组肺组织湿干重比、凋亡指数和NF-κB活性降低,Bax蛋白表达下调,Bcl-2蛋白表达上调,Bcl-2/Bax比升高(P＜0.05).FA组肺组织病理学损伤较IR组减轻.结论 氟比洛芬酯可减轻大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤,其机制与抑制NF-κB活化,改善Bcl-2和Bax平衡,从而抑制细胞凋亡有关.     

七氟醚或缺血预处理对大鼠肺缺血再灌注时ERK和CaM表达的影响

目的 探讨七氟醚或缺血预处理对大鼠肺缺血再灌注时细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(ERK)和钙调素(CaM)表达的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠24只,体重270～320 g,随机分为4组(n=6):假手术组(S组)、肺缺血再灌注组(IR组)、缺血预处理组(IP组)和七氟醚预处理组(SP组).IR组采用夹闭左肺门45 min恢复灌注120 min的方法制备肺缺血再灌注损伤模型,IP组缺血前夹闭左肺门缺血5 min恢复灌注5 min,连续2次,SP组缺血前吸人2.1%七氟醚30 min.于再灌注120 min时取左肺组织,测定TNF-α和IL-6含量、ERK mRNA和CaM mRNA的表达水平.结果 与S组比较,IR组、IP组和SP组肺组织TNF-α和IL-6的含量、ERK mRNA和CaM mRNA的表达水平升高(P＜0.05);与IR组比较,IP组和SP组肺组织TNF-α和IL-6的含量和CaM mRNA的表达水平降低,ERK mRNA表达水平升高(P＜0.05);SP组和IP组各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论七氟醚预处理和缺血预处理均通过下调CaM表达和上调ERK表达减轻大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤.     

缺血预处理对大鼠肝脏缺血/再灌注早期核因子κB活性及细胞凋亡的影响

目的 观察缺血预处理对大鼠肝脏缺血/再灌注早期核因子KB活性、促凋亡基因Fas和FasL蛋白表达以及肝细胞凋亡的影响,以进一步阐明肝脏缺血预处理的抗凋亡作用机制.方法 建立SD大鼠肝缺血(40min)再灌注(120 min)损伤及肝缺血预处理的模型.24只大鼠随机分成3组(n=8).①假手术对照组(C组),仅分离肝十二指肠韧带,不阻断肝门,不进行其他干预处理.②缺血再灌注组(IR组),在第一肝门用小血管夹阻断尾状叶及左肝叶血流40 min松开血管夹肝脏再灌注2 h,再灌注开始后关腹.③缺血预处理组(IP组),先行3个循环的缺血预处理,阻断第一肝门10 min,开放再灌注10 min为1个循环,随后操作同缺血/再灌注组.实验结束后全自动生化分析仪检测血清谷草转氨酶和血清谷丙转氨酶活性:TUNEL法检测肝组织的细胞凋亡指数(AI):EMSA法测定肝组织核因子κB的结合活性:Western blotting免疫印迹法检测Fas及FasL蛋白的表达水平.结果 IR组和IP组的ALT、AST及细胞凋亡指数(AI)均明显高于S组(P<0.01),但与IR相比,IP组则明显较低(P<0.01).与C组比较,IR组的核因子κB活性、促凋亡基因Fas和FasL蛋白表达水平明显增高,而IP组仅轻度增高.结论 缺血预处理可通过降低肝脏缺血/再灌注早期核因子κB的转录活性,并下调促凋亡基因Fas及FasL的表达,从而发挥抗细胞凋亡和损伤保护效应.     

大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤不同时期基因表达谱的改变

目的 探讨大鼠肺组织缺血再灌诱导的基因表达谱改变,为揭示肺缺血再灌注损伤的发生和保护机制提供新的线索和思路.方法 采用无创血管夹夹闭左肺肺动脉与肺静脉,并于左肺膨胀时扎闭左主支气管构建大鼠肺缺血再灌反应动物模型.运用包含22226个大鼠基因点的Illumina RatRef-12全基因组表达谱微珠芯片检测大鼠肺缺血再灌处理后不同时间点(0、1、3、6、24 h)的基因表达情况,并采用SOM算法将具有相似表达模式的基因进行聚类.结果 缺血后再灌0、1、3、6、24 h分别有648、340、711、1279、641个基因表达发生改变.具有相同表达模式的基因被聚为12类.结论 肺缺血再灌可以诱导肺的基因表达谱发生改变,具有相似表达模式的基因可能具有相似的功能或相似的表达调控机制.     

七氟烷预先给药对大鼠肺缺血再灌注时紧密连接蛋白表达的影响

目的 探讨七氟烷预先给药对大鼠肺缺血再灌注时紧密连接蛋白(Occludie和ZO-1)表达的影响.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠96只,体重250～350 g,随机分为4组(n=24):假手术组(S组)仅游离左肺门,但不阻断;肺缺血再灌注组(I/R组)采用阻断左肺门45 min恢复灌注120 min的方法制备大鼠肺缺血再灌注模型;七氟烷组(Sevo组)吸入2.2%七氟烷30 min后游离肺门,但不阻断;七氟烷预先给药组(SP组)吸入2.2%七氟烷30 min后制备模型.于缺血45 min、再灌注60和120 min(T1～3)时各组随机取6只大鼠处死取肺,称重后计算肺湿干重比,光镜下观察肺组织病理学结果,采用Western blot法检测肺组织Occludin和ZO-1的表达.于再灌注120 min时各组余6只大鼠行支气管肺泡灌洗,取左颈动脉血样,采用Bradford法测定支气管肺泡灌洗液蛋白及血清总蛋白浓度,计算肺血管通透性指数.结果 与S组比较,I/R组和SP组T2,3时肺湿干重比、T3时肺血管通透性指数升高,肺组织Occludin和ZO-1表达下调(P＜0.05),Sevo组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与I/R组比较,SP组T2,3时肺湿干重比、T3时肺血管通透性指数降低,肺组织Occludin和ZO-1表达上调(P＜0.05).SP组肺组织病理学损伤较I/R组明显减轻.结论 七氟烷预先给药可能通过上调Occludin和ZO-1的表达减轻大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤.     

大鼠肺缺血再灌注时Nrf2与铁死亡的关系

目的:评价大鼠肺缺血再灌注时核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)与铁死亡的关系。方法:健康雄性SD大鼠54只,体重220~250 g,采用随机数字表法分为3组( n＝18)：假手术组(Sham组)、肺缺血再灌注组(IR组)和肺缺血再灌注+Nrf2激动剂萝卜硫素组(IR+SFP组)。采用夹闭左肺门60 min再灌...     

川芎嗪预处理急性缺血性肾衰竭基因谱研究

目的:探讨川芎嗪对大鼠缺血再灌注损伤基因表达谱的影响,筛选出肾损伤的相关基因.方法:将大鼠随机分为实验组与对照组.实验组以川芎嗪经大鼠尾静脉注射6周后,建立缺血性肾衰竭模型,运用基因总结技术检测川芎嗪对肾损伤相关基因表达的影响.结果:川芎嗪能使大鼠缺血再灌注损伤肾相关基因表达上调和下调,其中川芎嗪下调已命名的大鼠肾基因(Ratio＜0.5)67个;川芎嗪上调已命名的大鼠肾基因(Ratio＜0.5)26个.结论:川芎嗪通过下调或上调缺血再灌注损伤肾相关基因表达的活性对急性缺血再灌注损伤肾发生药理作用.     

Evaluation of rapid ischemic preconditioning in a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia

BACKGROUND: Rapid ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been shown to reduce cellular injury after subsequent cardiac and cerebral ischemia. However, the data on rapid IPC of the spinal cord is limited. The authors investigated whether pretreatment with sublethal ischemia of spinal cord can attenuate neuronal injury after spinal cord ischemia in rabbits. METHODS: Forty-seven male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 15 or 16 each). In the IPC(-) group, the infrarenal aorta was occluded for 17 min to produce spinal cord ischemia. In the IPC(+) group, 5 min of aortic occlusion was performed 30 min before 17 min of spinal cord ischemia. In the sham group, the aorta was not occluded. Hind limb motor function was assessed at 3 h, 24 h, 4 days, and 7 days after reperfusion using Tarlov scoring (0 = paraplegia; 4 = normal). Animals were killed for histopathologic evaluation at 24 h or 7 days after reperfusion. The number of normal neurons in the anterior spinal cord (L4-L6) was counted. RESULTS: Neurologic scores were significantly higher in the IPC(+) group than the IPC(-) group at 3 and 24 h after reperfusion (P < 0.05). However, neurologic scores in the IPC(+) group gradually decreased and became similar to those in the IPC(-) group at 4 and 7 days after reperfusion. At 24 h after reperfusion, the numbers of normal neurons were significantly higher in the IPC (+) group than in the IPC(-) group (P < 0.05) and were similar between the IPC(+) and sham groups. At 7 days after reperfusion, there was no difference in the number of normal neurons between the IPC(+) and IPC(-) groups. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that rapid IPC protects the spinal cord against neuronal damage 24 h but not 7 days after reperfusion in a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia, suggesting that the efficacy of rapid IPC may be transient.     

Evaluation of Rapid Ischemic Preconditioning in a Rabbit Model of Spinal Cord Ischemia

Background: Rapid ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been shown to reduce cellular injury after subsequent cardiac and cerebral ischemia. However, the data on rapid IPC of the spinal cord is limited. The authors investigated whether pretreatment with sublethal ischemia of spinal cord can attenuate neuronal injury after spinal cord ischemia in rabbits.

Methods: Forty-seven male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 15 or 16 each). In the IPC(-) group, the infrarenal aorta was occluded for 17 min to produce spinal cord ischemia. In the IPC(+) group, 5 min of aortic occlusion was performed 30 min before 17 min of spinal cord ischemia. In the sham group, the aorta was not occluded. Hind limb motor function was assessed at 3 h, 24 h, 4 days, and 7 days after reperfusion using Tarlov scoring (0 = paraplegia; 4 = normal). Animals were killed for histopathologic evaluation at 24 h or 7 days after reperfusion. The number of normal neurons in the anterior spinal cord (L4-L6) was counted.

Results: Neurologic scores were significantly higher in the IPC(+) group than the IPC(-) group at 3 and 24 h after reperfusion (P < 0.05). However, neurologic scores in the IPC(+) group gradually decreased and became similar to those in the IPC(-) group at 4 and 7 days after reperfusion. At 24 h after reperfusion, the numbers of normal neurons were significantly higher in the IPC (+) group than in the IPC(-) group (P < 0.05) and were similar between the IPC(+) and sham groups. At 7 days after reperfusion, there was no difference in the number of normal neurons between the IPC(+) and IPC(-) groups.     

Impact of ischemic preconditioning on dynamics of homing of endothelial progenitor cells after renal ischemia reperfusion injury

Objectives To investigate the impact of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on dynamics of homing of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) after renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IR). Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups after right-side kidney nephrectomy: for sham-operated rats, lumbotomy without vascular clamping was performed; IR rats were clamped renal blood vessels for 40 minutes while IPC rats were pre-treated with 15 min ischemia and 10 min reperfusion. At 3, 12, 24 h, and 3 days after reperfusion, the pool of circulating, kidneys, lungs and spleens were harvested. The extent of renal injury was assessed by biochemical and histological examination. The dynamics of homing of EPCs was observed by flow cytometry. Results The rats in IPC group exhibited significant improvements in renal function and morphology. Compared with IR group and sham group, the number of EPCs in blood was increased in the IPC group at 12 h and 24 h after reperfusion (P＜0.05). The number of EPCs in kidney was increased at all times point in the IPC group and IR group as compared to the sham group (P＜0.05. In addition, EPCs number was increased in IPC group compared with the IR group at 12 h and 24 h [(11.36±0.66)% vs (6.37±0.69)%, (6.31±0.70)% vs (4.40±0.60)%, all P＜0.05]. Compared with IR group and sham group, the number of EPCs in the lung was increased in the IPC groups at 12 h after reperfusion [(2.95±0.66)% vs (1.78±0.59)%, (1.66±0.61)%, all P＜0.05]. The number of EPCs in spleen was increased in the IPC group at 72 h as compared with the IR group and sham group [(0.55±0.06)% vs (0.34±0.07)%, (0.31±0.06)%, all P＜0.05]. Conclusions Endogenous EPCs may home to injured kidney after IPC. EPCs can also gather in the lungs and spleen.     

肝缺血再灌注致大鼠脑损伤时诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达的变化

目的 评价肝缺血再灌注致大鼠脑损伤时诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达的变化.方法 健康雄性Wistar大鼠32只,体重240～280 g,随机分为假手术组(S组,n=8)和肝缺血再灌注组(IR组,n=24).S组仅开腹分离肝动脉、门静脉和胆管,游离脾静脉,40 min后切脾,关腹;IR组通过夹闭肝动脉、门静脉和胆管建立大鼠脾静脉-股静脉转流下全肝缺血再灌注模型,全肝缺血40 min后再灌注,同时切脾.S组断头处死大鼠,IR组分别于再灌注3、6、24 h时断头处死8只大鼠,取脑组织,采用硝酸还原酶法测定一氧化氮(NO)含量,黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,硫代巴比妥酸比色法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量,Western blot法检测硝化酪氨酸(NT)表达,RT-PCR法检测iNOS mRNA表达.结果 与S组比较,IR组再灌注6、24 h时脑组织NO及MDA的含量升高,NT及iNOS mRNA的表达上调,再灌注6 h时SOD活性降低(P<0.05或0.01);与再灌注3 h时比较,再灌注6、24 h时IR组脑组织NO及MDA的含量升高,SOD活性降低(P<0.05).结论 肝缺血再灌注时大鼠脑组织iNOS表达上调,产生大量NO,生成OONO-,导致脑损伤.     

缺血预处理对大鼠小体积供肝的保护作用及机制

目的探讨缺血预处理（IPC）对大鼠小体积供肝的保护作用及其机制。方法120只SD大鼠随机分为3组（每组20对）：无热缺血组（NWI）、缺血再灌注组（WI）和缺血预处理组（IPC）。用双袖套法建立大鼠小体积肝移植模型。各组10只受体大鼠于术前1d、术后1、2、3、5d取血，用自动生化分析仪检测AST和ALT。NWI组于供肝灌注前及植入后0．5、1、2、3h，WI组于热缺血前及植入后0．5、1、2、3h，IPC组于IPC前、IPC后及植入后0．5、1、2、3h取肝组织，用硝酸还原法检测其NO浓度。结果IPC可降低大鼠小体积肝移植术后血清AST和ALT浓度，提高再灌注早期肝脏组织NO的浓度，降低再灌注晚期肝脏组织NO的浓度（P〈0．05）。结论NO在大鼠肝脏的缺血再灌注损伤中可能具有双重作用。IPC对大鼠小体积供肝的缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用。其机制可能是通过促进供肝再灌注后早期NO合成，改善肝脏微循环，同时抑制供肝再灌注后晚期NO合成，减轻过量NO的损伤作用，从而保护移植肝脏功能。     

Delayed energy protection of ischemic preconditioning on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

BACKGROUND: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injuries associated with hepatic resections are unresolved problems in the clinical practice. The aim of this study is to elucidate the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on the energy charge (EC) and related mechanisms at the late phase of hepatic IR injury. METHODS: 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham, IR and IPC groups. The model of partial hepatic IR was used. The rats were subjected to 60 min hepatic ischemia, pretreated by IPC (10/15 min) or not. After 24 h of reperfusion, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), nitrite/nitrate (NOx), malondialdehyde (MDA), hepatic tissue arginase activity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and EC of the liver were measured. RESULTS: Liver injury reduced by IPC is measured by liver tissue arginase activity and serum ALT. Tissue NOx levels in rats pretreated with IPC were significantly higher than levels in the IR group (p < 0.001). Tissue levels of MDA in the liver of the IPC group were found to be significantly lower than the levels in the IR group (p < 0.001). ATP and EC levels 24 h after hepatic ischemia in rats pretreated with IPC were higher than the levels in the IR (p < 0.05). All groups had similar ADP and AMP levels in the liver tissues. The IPC procedure significantly reduced the hepatic necrosis (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that pretreatment with IPC improved tissue ATP, EC, and hepatic necrosis at late stages of ischemia reperfusion injury of the liver. Increased nitric oxide, reduced MDA and arginase activity seemed to play a regulatory role in this delayed protective effect of IPC.     

Anesthetic preconditioning with sevoflurane does not protect the spinal cord after an ischemic-reperfusion injury in the rat

Anesthetic preconditioning (APC) is a protective mechanism, whereby exposure to a volatile anesthetic renders a tissue resistant to a subsequent ischemic insult. We hypothesized that APC of the rat spinal cord with sevoflurane would reduce neurologic deficit after an ischemic-reperfusion injury. Rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 groups. The ischemic preconditioning (IPC) group (n = 14) had 3 min of IPC, 30 min of reperfusion, and 12 min of ischemia. The chronic APC (cSEVO) group (n = 14) had 1 h of APC with 3.5% sevoflurane on each of 2 days before ischemia. The acute APC (aSEVO) group (n = 14) had 1 h of APC with 3.5% sevoflurane followed by a 1-h washout period before the induction of ischemia. The controls (n = 14) underwent no preconditioning before ischemia. IPC attenuated the ischemia-reperfusion injury, whereas aSEVO and cSEVO groups were no better than control animals. Histologic evaluation of the spinal cord showed severe neurologic damage in all groups except for the IPC group and sham-operated rats. APC with sevoflurane did not reduce neurologic injury in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia. Traditional ischemic preconditioning had a strong protective benefit on neurologic outcome.     

Influence of ischemic preconditioning and nitric oxide on microcirculation and the degree of rat liver injury in the model of ischemia and reperfusion

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on parenchymal liver blood flow during the early phase of reperfusion after 60 minutes of ischemia, additionally modified by adding N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Our research involved 4 groups of rats (10 animals in each group), which underwent liver ischemia and 24 hours of reperfusion. Group I, ischemia/reperfusion (IR) was performed; group II, IPC, 10 minutes of ischemia and 10 minutes of reperfusion, and IR after that; group III, L-NAME (10 mg/kg intravenous [iv]), 10 minutes before IR; and group IV, L-NAME before IPC + IR. Activity of APAT, ALAT, GGTP, and FA was marked in serum in 90 minutes and 24 hours of reperfusion. In the liver biopsies at 24 hours of reperfusion, we analyzed reaction on adenosine-3-phosphatase stimulated by Mg++ and performed histological examination. The parenchymal perfusion was measured using a laser-doppler blood flowmeter (model PeriFlux System5000, Perimed Inc., United Kingdom). IPC during reperfusion led to minor injuries of the organ, with statistically significant normalization of enzymes compared with group 1, and a better reaction to the adenosine-3-phosphatase IPC produced faster and full return of perfusion to the 68.3 value at 24 hours (59.1 in the 60 minutes). In groups III and IV at 60 minutes, the perfusion was not statistically different from that in group 1. IPC causes full and faster blood return in the early phase of reperfusion and minor injury of liver parenchyma and liver sinus. The protective effect observed, especially in the first 60 minutes of reperfusion, was limited by L-NAME and was influenced by the action of nitric oxide.     

Notch信号通路在电针预处理诱导大鼠脑缺血耐受中的作用

目的 探讨Noah信号通路在电针预处理诱导大鼠脑缺血耐受中的作用.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠52只,体重280～320 g,随机分为2组(n=26):正常对照组(C组)不做任何处理;电针预处理组(EA组)于百会穴进行电针刺激(刺激条件:疏密波2/15Hz,电流强度1 mA),30 min次,1次/d,连续5 d.最后一次电针刺激结束后24 h采用阻断单侧大脑中动脉120 min再灌注72 h的方法制备局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型.分别于缺血前即刻、再灌注24 h及再灌注72 h时采用Western blot法测定缺血侧大脑皮层Notch细胞内片段(NICD)蛋白的表达,采用实时定量PCR法测定缺血侧大脑皮层Notch通路信号分子的表达;于再灌注72 h时进行神经功能损伤评分,评分完毕后测定脑梗死体积百分比.结果 缺血前即刻两组大脑皮层Hesl mRNA及NICD蛋白表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与缺血前即刻比较,两组再灌注24、72 h时NICD蛋白表达上调,C组再灌注72 h时Hesl mRNA 表达上调,EA组再灌注24 h时Hesl mRNA表达上调(P<0.05);与再灌注24 h时比较,再灌注72 h时C组Hesl mRNA及NICD蛋白表达均上调,EA组Hesl mRNA及NICD蛋白表达均下调(P<0.05);与C组比较,EA组缺血前即刻Notchl mRNA、Notch4 mRNA及Jagl mRNA的表达上调,再灌注24 h时Hesl mRNA及NICD蛋白表达上调,再灌注72 h时Hesl mRNA及NICD蛋白表达下调,脑梗死体积百分比降低,神经功能损伤评分升高(P<0.05).结论 Notch信号通路可能参与了电针预处理诱导的大鼠脑缺血耐受.