青岛大学师范类大学生心理健康状况评价

目的了解青岛大学师范类不同年级、专业和性别大学生心理健康状况及人格特点,为高等师范院校开展大学生心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用心理健康测查表对青岛大学师范学院一~四年级大学生551名进行测查。结果大学生PHI临床分量表>60分的心理异常检出率为45.74%,PHI分量表>70分的心理问题检出率为9.98%。一~四年级学生心理异常检出率分别为52.14%,35.83%,49.73%和41.51%;心理问题检出率分别为12.86%,5.83%,7.03%和16.04%。文、理科学生心理异常检出率分别为47.62%和44.16%,差异无统计学意义;男生心理异常和心理问题检出率均高于女生,差异均有统计学意义。结论高师大二年级学生心理异常最少,心理问题程度最轻;大一年级学生心理异常检出率最高,大四年级学生心理障碍程度最重;男生心理健康状况不如女生。人格偏离的内容随年级增高有所变化,心理健康教育内容及目标应考虑不同年级和性别特点。     

长沙市八年级学生心理健康状况调查分析

目的了解长沙市八年级学生的心理健康状况,为心理健康教育工作提供科学依据。方法采用中国中学生心理健康量表,对503名八年级学生进行问卷调查。结果大部分学生的心理健康状况属于正常范围、存在中度心理问题的学生占5.77%,存在轻度心理问题的学生占25.03%,存在严重心理健康问题的学生仅占0.20%。各因子检出率为:学习压力占16.90%,情绪不平衡占13.92%,人际敏感占10.14%,焦虑占9.74%。结论八年级学生心理健康状况并不比其他年级学生严重,但应防微杜渐,由于及时有效的心理疏导显示出心理健康教育工作的重要性。     

驻马店市医专学生心理健康状况调查

目的了解医专学生心理健康状况,为开展心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用SCL—90症状自评量表,对河南省某医学专科学校365名学生进行测试。结果医专学生心理健康状况水平低于全国常模。主要心理卫生问题是抑郁、强迫、偏执、敌对,人际关系等(检出率1.92%-12.33%);心理问题发生率(23.84%)高于全国大学生抽样调查结果。心理问题发生率一年级学生最高(26.15%),其次是二年级(23.36%),再次是三年级(21.13%),主要心理问题基本相似。结论医专学校健康教育应针对学生心理健康状况和特点进行。     

广州地区大学生心理保健需求现状分析

为了在大学生中更有针对性的开展心理健康教育和心理咨询活动,普及心理保健知识,对广州市两所高校925名大学生的心理保健需求情况进行了调查.结果表明,大学生中的57.51%认为很需要心理保健,93.33%对心理保健方面的知识了解不多,62人认为自己目前存在较严重的心理问题,女大学生对心理保健的认识和需求均明显高于男大学生,男性更倾向于将心理问题藏在心里.不同年级和专业学生在心理困扰问题上都存在明显差异.可见对在校大学生普遍开展心理健康教育十分必要,同时应注意对不同年级不同专业学生的各自心理问题有所侧重.     

广东工大学生心理健康状况调查分析

目的了解工科大学生心理健康状况的现状及特点.方法采用心理健康测查表对1346名工科大学生进行心理健康状况调查.结果心理问题检出率为20.4%,神经症倾向检出率为10.5%;神经症分布以强迫症为多,其构成比为39.3%;男生神经衰弱倾向高于女生;二、三年级学生心理健康水平低于四、一年级.结论采取综合性预防措施对预防大学生心理障碍有重要意义.     

某师范学院体育与其他专业大学生心理健康状况比较

我国大学生心理健康状况不容乐观，主要表现在强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、敌对和偏执方面。师范类及体育教育专业学生都呈现出男生心理问题多于女生，二年级学生心理问题最为突出的特点。为比较体育专业与其他专业大学生心理健康状况的异同，现将某师范学院二年级体育专业与其他专业学生SCL-90测评结果进行比较，旨在为师范院校健康教育工作提供依据。     

临床医学大学生心理健康调查与分析

目的:调查了解掌握临床医学大学生心理健康情况,通过分析存在的主要心理问题进一步探讨形成的原因.方法:采用临床医学大学生个人基本情况调查表、症状自测量表(SCL90)及调查问卷方式对570名临床医学大学生进行测试.结果:临床医学大学生的心理健康情况,比全国正常人群水平偏低,但相比于全国大学生水平稍高,心理问题检出率,12.98%,主要心理问题表现为强迫和抑郁.女性学生的心理健康状况比男生高.男女生差异不明显.结论:加强心理健康教育,提高临床医学大学生心理素质,培养成熟的应对社会工作的能力十分必要.     

大学新生心理健康调查分析

目的了解我校东校区大学新生心理健康状况,以便有针对性的采取心理健康干预措施。方法采用大学生人格问卷(UPI)随机对我校东校区2011级3 371名新生进行调查。结果总共有3 259名新生(其中本科生2 545名,研究生及以上为714名)完成了问卷调查,有效问卷为96.7%。有明显心理问题的第一类学生有388人,占11.9%;有某种心理问题需要引起关注的第二类学生960人,占29.5%;心理健康者1 911人,占58.6%。女生总体的心理健康状况明显比男生差,本科生总体的心理健康状况明显比研究生差。结论大部分新生心理健康状况良好,但仍有相当数量的学生心理健康问题不容忽视。有必要对新生加强心理健康教育。     

辽宁省中学生心理健康状况及其环境影响因素

目的了解辽宁省中学生的心理健康状况及其环境影响因素,为中学生心理健康教育提供依据。方法用SCL-90症状自评量表及家庭情况调查表,对辽宁省初一至高三年级学生4 593人进行调查。结果有心理问题者占26.3%,其中有严重心理问题者占5.0%。高一和高三年级学生的心理问题检出率最高。女生的抑郁和恐惧检出率显著高于男生,男生偏执检出率显著高于女生。父母离异、父亲下岗和校外补习是心理问题增加的相关因素。家庭温暖有很强的保护作用。结论辽宁省中学生心理问题随着年级升高而增加。家庭环境和校外补课会影响学生心理健康的发展。     

大学生心理健康状况调查

目的 了解大学生的心理卫生状况，为有针对性地开展心理健康教育提供依据。方法 采取整群抽样的方法抽取一医学院校一至四年级的学生共计576人，应用SCL-90量表进行测试。结果 学生的强迫、焦虑、敌对、恐惧因子分明显高于全国青年组，差异有显著性；强迫因子随年级的增加而降低；学生的精神病性因子低于全国青年组，低年级学生心理问题高于高年级学生。结论 学生的部分因子分高于常模，学校要根据学生心理卫生状况有针对性的开展心理健康教育。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.