主动脉夹层的研究进展

主动脉夹层 (ＡｏｒｔｉｃＤｉｓｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ ,简称ＡＤ)系主动脉内膜撕裂后循环中的血液通过裂口进入主动脉壁内 ,导致血管壁分层。其最主要的易患因素为高血压 ,系高血压的严重并发症之一 ,约有 70 %～ 90 %的ＡＤ患者并存高血压[1] ;其它易患因素包括Ｍａｒｆａｎ氏综合征、Ｅｈｌｅｒｓ Ｄａｎｌｏｓ综合征、二叶主动脉瓣、主动脉狭窄、妊娠、主动脉粥样硬化及创伤等[2 ,6] 。ＡＤ以男性多见 ,男女性别比约 3∶1 [3 ] 。根据美国 1 980年以前的资料估计 ,ＡＤ的年发病率约 5～ 1 0例 /百万[4] ,由于近2 0年来心血管影像诊断技术的飞…     

Standford A型主动脉夹层急性期死亡危险因素

目的探讨影响Standford A型主动脉夹层急性期死亡的相关危险因素。方法选取在该院治疗的Standford A型主动脉夹层患者127例,其中生存者89例,死亡者38例,比较分析患者的临床表现、年龄、并发症等相关因素,采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选危险因素。结果 127例Standford A型主动脉夹层患者急性期死亡38例(29.92%);经单、多因素Logistic回归分析,心包填塞、休克和意识障碍为Standford A型主动脉夹层患者急性期死亡的主要危险因素,手术或介入治疗为影响Standford A型主动脉夹层急性期死亡的保护性因素。此外,选择两个最重要的因素将患者分组,进行生存资料比较,无心包填塞及有手术介入治疗的患者群体,其生存率明显高出(P0.05)。结论心包填塞、休克及意识障碍可使Standford A型主动脉夹层患者发生急性期死亡的危险升高,应积极进行手术或介入治疗等应对措施。     

急性主动脉夹层患者院内死亡的危险因素分析

目的:探讨急性主动脉夹层患者的临床特征及院内死亡的相关危险因素.方法:回顾性收集2018年5月至2020年7月,郑州市第七人民医院主动脉夹层住院患者205例病历资料.根据患者住院转归,分为存活组(n=175)和死亡组(n=30),比较两组患者的一般资料、既往病史、治疗方式以及实验室指标等,采用多因素Logistic回归...     

B型急性主动脉夹层院内死亡相关危险因素分析

目的：研究B型急性主动脉夹层(acute aortic dissection,AAD)患者住院期间死亡的相关危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年12月收治的188例B型急性主动脉夹层患者的住院病例资料。根据住院期间是否发生死亡,分为死亡组与存活组,对部分相关因素进行分析。结果：188例B型主动脉夹层患者,死亡17例(病死率10%)。两组单因素分析提示低血压、肾功能不全及缺血并发症是住院期间死亡的高危因素,中性粒细胞百分数、D二聚体升高有统计学意义。多因素Logistic分析提示肾功能不全、低血压、中性粒细胞百分数升高为患者院内死亡的独立危险因素,手术为保护因素。结论：伴有低血压、肾功能不全、中性粒细胞百分数升高的B型AAD患者住院期间病死率高,在内科治疗基础上手术治疗有助于降低B型AAD患者的病死率。     

主动脉夹层患者的临床特征及死亡相关危险因素分析

目的探讨主动脉夹层（AD）患者临床特征及其与死亡相关的危险因素。方法观察120例AD（AD组）和90例无AD（对照组）患者的临床指标及实验室指标,根据其临床特征,分析AD的临床死亡风险因素。结果AD组急性期院内病死率17.5%;其收缩压、BMI、脂蛋白a、肌酐、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）,以及高血压病患病率明显高于对照组（P均〈0.05）;女性、舒张压、hs-CRP及并发意识障碍、心包填塞症状在死亡与存活患者间有统计学差异（P均〈0.05）;手术＋支架治疗者病死率低。结论舒张压、hs-CRP、意识障碍及心包填塞是导致AD患者急性期院内死亡的独立危险因素,手术＋支架治疗为安全、有效的方法。     

主动脉夹层研究进展

主动脉夹层,一种病情凶险、死亡率较高的急性大血管病变,已引起国内外学者对发病机制、诊断治疗的深入研究。现对引起主动脉夹层研究进展作一综述。     

主动脉夹层患者院内死亡相关危险因素的荟萃分析

目的通过荟萃分析寻找主动脉夹层(AD)患者院内死亡的相关危险因素。方法计算机检索Cochrane Library、Elsevier ScienceDirect、PubMed/Medline、万方数据知识服务平台、中国知网、维普期刊资源整合服务平台,搜索已发表的关于AD患者院内死亡危险因素的病例对照研究,检索时限为建库至2018年2月1日。按Cochrane系统评价方法筛选文献、提取资料并评价质量后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行荟萃分析。结果纳入41篇病例对照研究,死亡组3353例,存活组19 927例。荟萃分析结果显示,女性(OR=1.13,95%CI 1.04～1.24,P=0.005)、年龄(WMD=0.92,95%CI 0.19～1.66,P=0.01)、马方综合征(OR=1.51,95%CI 1.13～2.00,P=0.005)、胸腔积液(OR=1.47,95%CI 1.22～1.77,P0.001)、主动脉瓣关闭不全或反流(OR=2.65,95%CI 2.06～3.42,P0.001)、心率(WMD=4.55,95%CI 2.38～6.71,P0.01)、白细胞计数(WMD=1.99,95%CI 1.60～2.37,P0.001)、中性粒细胞百分比(WMD=8.42,95%CI 7.28～9.55,P0.001)、肌酐(WMD=57.74,95%CI 20.66～94.83,P=0.002)合并效应量后差异有统计学意义,是AD患者院内死亡的危险因素;介入治疗(OR=0.08,95%CI 0.06～0.11,P0.001)合并效应量后差异有统计学意义,是AD患者院内死亡的保护因素。结论女性、年龄、马方综合征、胸腔积液、主动脉瓣关闭不全或反流、心率、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比、肌酐是AD患者院内死亡的危险因素,介入治疗是保护因素。     

急性主动脉夹层诊断延迟影响因素的研究进展

综述目前国内外有关急性主动脉夹层(AAD)诊断延迟的研究现状及影响诊断延迟的相关因素。AAD是临床上的急危重症,其危险程度远高于心肌梗死和恶性肿瘤。近年来,随着医疗技术的发展,AAD诊断水平有了较大的提高,但在诊断时间上由于AAD病情的复杂多样以及地区间医疗资源的差异,诊断时间仍有不同原因的延迟。而早期识别AAD并及时治疗,对降低AAD病人的死亡率,提高病人的生存率以及改善病人的预后至关重要。     

急性主动脉夹层死亡的危险因素分析

目的:探讨急性主动脉夹层的预测死亡的危险因素。方法:采用回顾性分析方法分析1995~2006年资料完整的67例主动脉夹层病例,使用Logistic回归分析年龄、性别、病因、临床症状及体征、治疗方法的选择与急性主动脉夹层的临床病死率的线性关系。结果:①总体临床病死率为14.90%。其中按Stanford分型,Stan-fordA型患者临床病死率为18.75%,StanfordB型患者临床病死率为11.40%。②Logistic回归分析示神经系统症状(P=0.0166)、心包积液(P=0.0183)、局部肢体缺血(任一肢体)(P=0.0407)为急性主动脉夹层预测死亡的危险因素。结论:神经系统症状、心包积液、局部肢体缺血为急性主动脉夹层的独立死亡危险因素。     

Risk factors analysis for in-hospital death of acute Stanford type B aortic dissection

Background Data is limited regarding the correlation between related factors and in-hospital death of Stanford type B acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods We registered consecutive Stanford type B AAD patients, who were in the Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute of Guangdong General Hospital from October 2010 to August 2011, and the onset day to admission day were less than or equal to 2 weeks. We collected in-hospital mortality, history of disease, laboratory parameters, some biochemical markers tests, treatment and so on, analyzed the relationship between risk factors and mortality. Results One hundred and five Stanford B AAD patients were enrolled, 9 patients died, accounting for 8.6%. There are 24 patients treated with medicine, and 4 cases finally died. Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) 62 cases, 2 cases died. EVAR combined carotid artery bypass (CAB) 19 cases, and 3 cases died. Among the three treatments, there was no significant difference in statistics (P = 0.063). Compared with the survivors, the death group had higher D-dimer (P = 0.016) and NT-proBNP (P = 0.014) level, and more patients with myocardial infarction (P = 0.007), hypotension or shock (P = 0.019), a- cute renal failure (P = 0.005), nervous system related events (P 0.001). After adjusting for other predictors of in-hospital death, logistic regression analysis shows that the nervous system related events (odds ratio: 21.648; 95% CI: 1.228-381.704, P = 0.036 is the independent risk factor for death. Conclusions D-dimer, hypotension or shock, acute renal failure, nervous system related events are associated with hospitalization death of Stanford type B AAD patients, while nervous system related events is an independent risk factor for in-hospital death.     

Biomarkers in acute aortic dissection and other aortic syndromes

Acute aortic syndromes have an incidence of >30 per million per annum and a high mortality without definitive treatment. Survival may relate to the speed of diagnosis. Although pain is the most common symptom, there is a large fraction of patients in whom the diagnosis may be mistaken or overlooked. Currently, a high index of clinical suspicion is the chief prompt that diverts a patient into a definitive algorithm of imaging investigations. Although there is no point-of-care biochemical test that can be reliably used to positively identify dissection, biomarkers are available that could accelerate the diagnostic pathway and thereby expedite treatment.     

Severe aortic regurgitation with intimal intussusception secondary to Debakey type I aortic dissection

Aortic regurgitation (AR) with intimal intussusception, secondary to aortic dissection, is relatively rare and the images are interesting findings. We report a typical case of severe AR with intimal intussusception, secondary to DeBakey type I aortic dissection, detected by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Since there are three types of aortic regurgitation with aortic dissection, it is imperative to consider the most appropriate intervention for AR. The combination of CECT, TEE, and surgical findings may play an important role in determining the optimum surgical procedure for AR with aortic dissection.     

急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层合并灌注不良综合征术后死亡的危险因素分析

目的]探究急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层(ATAAD)合并灌注不良综合征(MPS)术后死亡的危险因素。 [方法]选取2020年6月—2023年6月南充市中心医院收治的244例ATAAD合并MPS患者为研究对象,追踪患者术后生存情况,分为存活组(156例)和死亡组(88例)。采用倾向性评分匹配(PSM)法按1∶1匹配后,两组均为54例,单因素和Logistic回归分析ATAAD合并MPS患者术后死亡的危险因素,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)对ATAAD合并MPS患者进行预后分析。利用y=1－1/(1+e－z)回归方程建立预测模型,十字交叉验证法验证模型的稳定性。 [结果]匹配后,与存活组(n＝54)比,死亡组(n＝54)的男性占比、饮酒史占比、急性生理学和慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)评分、序贯器官功能衰竭(SOFA)评分、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TSB)、胆碱酯酶、血清肌酐(SCr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、D-二聚体(D-D)、白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞计数(NEU)、纤维蛋白原降解产物(FDP)、血小板(PLT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、高敏肌钙蛋白、手术时间、ICU滞留时间、呼吸机带机时间、住院时间、肢体远端灌注不良、肾灌注不良方面均明显升高(P＜0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,性别(男)、有饮酒史、NT-proBNP≥271.86 ng/L、D-D≥0.74 mg/L和NEU≥13.06×10⁹ L－1是ATAAD合并MPS患者术后死亡的独立危险因素(P＜0.05)。NT-proBNP、D-D、性别(男)、饮酒史和NEU(简称“五因素”)联合预测ATAAD合并MPS患者的价值最高,其AUC为0.979(95%CI:0.937～0.984),灵敏度为94.3%,特异度为91.8%,高于独立预测指标。五因素联合预测的最佳临界值为5.02,＞5.02组的生存率显著高于≤5.02组,Log Rank检验P＜0.01。以ATAAD合并MPS患者术后死亡的重要因素建立预测模型,结果显示,模型具有良好的预测精准度。 [结论]NT-proBNP≥271.86 ng/L、D-D≥0.74 mg/L、性别(男)、有饮酒史、NEU≥13.06×10⁹ L－1是ATAAD合并MPS患者长期预后的独立危险因素,其联合应用可有效增加预后评估的准确性。     

Intraoperative aortic dissection

Intraoperative aortic dissection is a rare but fatal complication of open heart surgery. By recognizing the population at risk and by using a gentle operative technique in such patients, the surgeon can usually avoid iatrogenic injury to the aorta. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography and epiaortic scanning are invaluable for prompt diagnosis and determination of the extent of the injury. Prevention lies in the strict control of blood pressure during cannulation/decannulation, construction of proximal anastomosis, or in avoiding manipulation of the aorta in high-risk patients. Immediate repair using interposition graft or Dacron patch graft is warranted to reduce the high mortality associated with this complication.     

支架型人工血管介入治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤及主动脉穿透溃疡30例报告

目的探讨支架型人工血管介入治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤和主动脉穿透溃疡的可行性及疗效。方法2001年6月至2004年3月,行支架型人工血管治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤及主动脉穿透溃疡30例。男性24例,女性6例。平均年龄(523±119)岁。25例主动脉夹层动脉瘤中,慢性TypeB23例,急性TypeB1例,TypeA1例。主动脉穿透溃疡5例。术后随诊1～32个月。结果30例支架型人工血管均成功植入。5例有近端内漏,1例术中发生升主动脉夹层,2例分别在术后1d、7d发生升主动脉夹层。术后30d内死亡2例。术后30d内死亡率为67%。1例术后20个月因近端内漏接受第2次支架型人工血管植入术。术后随诊1～32个月,无死亡,亦无支架移位、狭窄等并发症。结论支架型人工血管是治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤和主动脉穿透溃疡的有效方法,中远期效果还有待进一步观察。     

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文章论述主动脉夹层(AD)、主动脉壁间血肿(出血)、主动脉穿透性溃疡的影像学诊断的进展,并讨论三者的关系,提出影像学检查在诊断和鉴别诊断中具有重要的作用。     

Predictability of aortic dissection as a function of aortic diameter

The role of aortic diameter on the occurrence of type A dissectionwas investigated in 73 patients with dilated ascending aortaat the lime of pre-operative evaluation. Using transthoracicechocardiography for diagnosis and measurements, 54 patientswere identified with type A dissection (group 1) and 19 withoutdissection (group 2). The true mean aortic diameters were identical(6·0±1·3 cm in group 1 and 6·4±1·4cm in group 2; mean±SD; ns) as were the indexed aorticdiameters (ratio of diameter/body surface area; 3·2±0·8cm . m^–12 and 3·4±0·7cm m^–2respectively; ns). However, the individual diameters showeda pronounced scatter in both groups (range from 3·6±11·0cm). Of the 73 patients, 66 had surgery (47/54 with and 19/19without dissection) and seven patients were treated medically.Emergency surgery was performed in 45/66 patients (all withacute type A dissection) andelective repair in 21/66 (19 withoutand two with chronic type A dissection). In-hospital mortalitywas 18% in the emergency group, 5% in the elective group and57% in the medical group. It is concluded that patients with dilated ascending aorta havea substantial incidence of acute dissection. Their clinicalcourse is unpredictable; acute dissection occurs in some, andin others the ascending aorta continues to enlarge without dissection.Because patients with dissection often arrive too late for electiverepair andhave to be operated on as emergencies with a higheroperative risk, we recommend elective surgery before the diameterof the ascending aorta has reached 6 cm.