经直肠前列腺穿刺活检的并发症

作者收集文献中超过10 0 0例前列腺穿刺活检的论著概述如下。分类:①轻度并发症:不需要积极治疗,其中血尿发生率2 2 .6 %～6 2 .0 % ,血精10 .0 %～5 0 .0 % ,直肠出血约2 .0 % ,持续性排尿困难7.0 % ,尿道出血,血管迷走神经调节障碍2 .0 %。②严重并发症:需要立即治疗,最常见的为败血症,程度不一,其中发热3.5 % ,尿败血症0 .1%～0 .5 % ,后者近2 0年已非常少见,此外尚有需要治疗的直肠出血(0 .1% )和尿潴留(0 .5 % )。活检危险的患者为抗凝治疗患者,免疫抑制治疗患者,6周内有尿路感染史者。预防:活检前无条件的使用抗生素,多用旋转酶抑制剂…     

超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检

原则上只在怀疑前列腺癌或已确诊前列腺癌计划进行诊治时行前列腺活检。指征:①前列腺指诊怀疑癌肿。②PSA值升高:德国泌尿外科学会认为PSA值直接诊断的不是前列腺癌,而是进行活检的指征,阈值≥4ng/ml为活检指征(UrolA ,2 0 0 2 ,4 1:5 0 9)。此外,fPAS/tPSA值<2 8%和30 % ,以及PSA值1年升高0 .75ng/ml者建议穿刺活检。方法:①部位:6分仪法即在旁矢状面前列腺尖部、中部和基底部,双侧中央取标本活检,其阳性率高于指诊可疑区域的活检,但仍有2 0 %假阴性。改良方法为自前列腺侧叶外1/ 3取6个标本活检(外周区)。②数目:增加活检数目可提…     

如何减少经直肠B超引导下前列腺穿刺活检的疼痛：文献评述

经直肠B超（TRUS）引导下前列腺穿刺活检疼痛的产生机理有2种：超声探头插入直肠时造成盲肠不适，穿刺针穿入前列腺产生疼痛。因直肠壁对痛觉不敏感，故以穿刺针穿过前列腺包膜刺激包膜上的感觉神经受体产生的疼痛为主。减少穿刺活检过程中疼痛的方法：前列腺周同神经阻滞PNB（利多卡因、布比卡因等，不同注射途径）、麻醉胶剂（利多卡因凝胶等）、镇静药物（一氧化二氮-氧混合气、异丙酚）及其他方法（岁非考昔、双氯芬酸、     

经尿道前列腺电切术联合经尿道前列腺汽化术治疗前列腺增生症

目的探讨治疗前列腺增生症(BPH)的有效疗法。方法对50例BPH患者施行经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)和经尿道前列腺汽化术(TUVP)联合治疗。结果可较彻底切除腺体,出血少。术后随访3个月~2年,并发症少。结论TURP联合TUVP治疗BPH,是一种更加安全有效的手术方法。     

经直肠超声引导经会阴前列腺穿刺活检与经直肠前列腺穿刺活检的临床效果对比分析

目的 分析经直肠超声引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺活检术的临床结果.方法 选取作者单位2019年1月至2019年12月收治的需行前列腺穿刺以及后续手术治疗患者共404例,其中符合研究价值的患者共385例,作为研究组,实施经直肠超声引导经会阴前列腺穿刺活检.并选取以往住院的385例侧卧位经直肠穿刺活检患者资料作为对照组.对比两组...     

经直肠前列腺穿刺后BPH患者行经尿道前列腺钬激光剜除术的疗效观察

目的:分析经尿道前列腺钬激光剜除术(HoLEP)治疗伴有前列腺穿刺病史的BPH患者的有效性和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2015年11月至2017年5月在江苏大学附属武进医院泌尿外科行HoLEP治疗的102例BPH患者的病史资料,根据有无前列腺穿刺活检病史分为两组,观察组为在行HoLEP手术前有前列腺穿刺活检病史,共42例(PB组);对照组为同一时期行HoLEP手术术前未行前列腺穿刺活检的患者,共60例(NPB组),比较两组患者的基线资料,围手术期相关参数及术后3、6、12个月的随访资料。结果:两组患者在年龄、前列腺体积、术前残余尿量(PVR)、术前最大尿流率(Qmax)、IPSS、生活质量(QOL)评分等方面没有统计学差异。PB组患者术前血PSA水平显著高于NPB组[(10.30±3.62)μg/L vs(2.62±1.75)μg/L,P0.01],手术时间较NPB组延长[(78.00±18.25) min vs(67.93±15.89) min,P0.01],亚组分析显示,手术时间延长主要发生在HoLEP与前列腺穿刺间隔2周内的患者,其与间隔≥2周的患者间手术时间有统计学差异[(91.17±16.51) min vs(68.13±12.45) min,P0.01]。两组患者术后血红蛋白下降值、术后持续膀胱冲洗时间、留置尿管时间以及平均住院时间比较无统计学差异。两组均无经尿道电切综合征、膀胱损伤、直肠损伤、输血等并发症。术后短暂性尿失禁的发生率无明显统计学差异[47.62%vs 45%,P=0.794]。术后随访3、6、12个月,两组患者PVR、Qmax、IPSSP、QOL评分均无统计学差异。结论:HoLEP手术治疗有前列腺穿刺病史的BPH患者安全、有效,前列腺穿刺后2周再行HoLEP可缩短手术时间,提高安全性。     

经尿道前列腺剜除术

良性前列腺增生（BPH）是老年男性常见病,经尿道前列腺切除术（TURP）是目前治疗BPH最常用的手术方法,但仍有不足,国内学者刘春晓教授于2002年发明了经尿道前列腺剜除术（TUEP）。本文就此手术作系统总结,并与其它术式比较。大量实践证明了TUEP更为优越,是TURP的创新性进展,将成为治疗BPH的新的＂金标准＂。     

经尿道前列腺电切术后远期血尿38例报告

目的:探讨经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)后发生远期血尿的原因及临床处理方法。方法:回顾性分析38例TURP后发生远期血尿患者的临床资料:年龄65~86岁,平均75岁,经TURP术后发生远期血尿时间6~80个月,平均22个月。其中终末血尿10例,全程血尿28例。结果:前列腺增生导致血尿27例,再次行TURP后治愈;腺性膀胱炎导致血尿2例,行TURP+丝裂霉素灌注3个月后治愈;膀胱颈挛缩导致血尿3例,行经尿道膀胱颈挛缩内切开+TURP后治愈;前列腺癌导致血尿5例,行去势术+内分泌治疗,4例终因肿瘤广泛转移死亡;膀胱颈部及窝内结石导致血尿1例,行取石+TURP后治愈。结论:TURP近期手术效果佳,远期仍有并发症或继发病变出现,需定期复查,积极处理。     

经尿道前列腺剜除术

我院于2005年12月-2006年3月尝试采用普通电切镜实施经尿道剜除式切除法治疗重度前列腺增生21例，效果满意。报告如下。     

经尿道前列腺剜除术治疗良性前列腺增生

目的 评价经尿道前列腺剜除( transurethral enucleation of prostate,TUEP)术治疗良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)的安全性和临床疗效. 方法 2005年1月～2012年1月行TUEP治疗BPH患者840例,其中行TUEP+电切术828例,TUEP+粉碎术5例,TUEP+小切口腺体取出术7例.使用单极电切328例,使用双极电切512例.对术中出血量、手术时间、术后并发症进行观察分析. 结果 本组840例患者手术顺利,术中无输血,无前列腺电切综合征发生,术后5～7d拔除尿管.840例术后随访3 ～18个月,平均(6.5±1.5)个月.术后3个月IPSS评分、残余尿量、最大尿流率及QOL评分分别为(5.4±3.5)分、(4.3±1.7)ml、(18.8±2.1)ml/s及(1.6±0.7)分,明显优于术前(22.5±7.3)分、(90.4 ±36.6)ml、(8.2±3.2) ml/s和(4.5±0.6)分,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).术后尿道狭窄8例,膀胱颈挛缩2例,压力性尿失禁20例.将行TUERP的828例患者按切除前列腺组织的重量分为三组,发现手术时间、出血量及术后压力性尿失禁率随着前列腺体积和重量的增加而相应增加,与前列腺体积和重量呈明显正相关(P＜0.05).20例压力性尿失禁患者经盆底肌功能锻炼,3个月左右恢复完全控尿,未发现永久性尿失禁.无术后排尿困难、大出血及永久性尿失禁等并发症发生.结论 TUEP是经尿道前列腺切除术的创新性进展,总体优势明显,值得临床应用与推广.     

经会阴前列腺穿刺与经直肠前列腺穿刺活检在前列腺癌诊断的初探

目的 对比经会阴与经直肠前列腺穿刺活检在前列腺癌诊断中的阳性率及并发症。方法 回顾分析2017年1月到2019年12月行前列腺穿刺活检的病例,经直肠组187例,经会阴组68例。结果 经直肠组阳性穿刺率为34.7%,经会阴组阳性穿刺率为29.4%,两组无统计学差异（P>0.05）。穿刺后经直肠组和经会阴组的血尿发生率分别为40.1%、42.6%,尿潴留发生率分别为6.9%、7.3%,直肠出血发生率分别为1.1%、0%,差别无统计学意义（P>0.05）。穿刺后经直肠组和经会阴组的会阴肿胀的发生率分别为2.6%、13.2%,两组有统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论 超声引导下经直肠、经会阴前列腺穿刺活检均为前列腺癌诊断的有效方法。两者穿刺阳性率无明显差异,但并发症各有特点。     

经直肠前列腺穿刺活检中应用不同针径活检针的对比研究

目的:比较不同针径活检针在超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检中的应用价值。方法:选取2015年1月～2016年10月在我院泌尿外科行超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检患者100例,采用随机数表法将患者分为观察组与对照组,每组50例,观察组采用16G活检针,对照组采用常规18G活检针,两组均进行相同的系统12针+靶向穿刺方案,由同一名专职医师完成穿刺操作。比较两组间穿刺阳性率以及术后并发症发生率。结果:两组12针系统穿刺阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(36%vs.24%,P=0.190),而靶向穿刺阳性率比较观察组优于对照组(37.5%vs.15.0%,P=0.022)。观察组穿刺阳性率与血清总PSA水平、PSA密度有相关性。两组术后疼痛评分(P=0.629)、术后并发症发生率(P=0.648)比较差异无统计学意义。结论:16G活检针能显著提高前列腺靶向活检阳性率,且术后相关并发症风险并未增加。     

经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检203例临床分析

目的评估经直肠超声引导的前列腺六针穿刺活检在前列腺癌及前列腺其他疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断的价值。方法对指肛检查阳性，血清PSA〉4pg／L及经直肠超声检查前列腺声像图异常怀疑有占位性病变的203人进行经直肠超声引导的前列腺穿刺活检。结果穿刺活检的203例病理结果：良性前列腺增生（BPH）104例占51．24％，前列腺癌（PCa）95例占46．80％，前列腺结核及前列腺平滑肌肉瘤各2例，分别占0．98％。结论经直肠超声引导的前列腺穿刺活检其操作简单，病人痛苦小，并发症少，较安全。在前列腺癌及其他前列腺疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断中有重要的临床价值。     

Symphysitis following transrectal biopsy of the prostate

Transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the prostate is a widely accepted technique to obtain prostatic tissue for histological examination. Severe complications are rarely seen. We report a case of symphysitis causing hospitalization and severe pain and discomfort of the patient. Possible etiologic factors are traumatic osseous lesions and transport of rectal bacteria to the periosseous region. Especially in small prostates, care should be taken to avoid this condition. Prolonged perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is mandatory.     

The results of transperineal versus transrectal prostate biopsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review was performed to compare the efficacy and complications of transperineal (TP) vs. transrectal (TR) prostate biopsy. A systematic research of PUBMED, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library was performed to identify all clinical controlled trials on prostate cancer (PCa) detection rate and complications achieved by TP and TR biopsies. Prostate biopsies included sextant, extensive and saturation biopsy procedures. All patients were assigned to a TR group and a TP group. Subgroup analysis was performed according to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and digital rectal examination (DRE) findings. The Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.1 software was used for the meta-analysis. A total of seven trials, including three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and four case-control studies (CCS), met our inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference in the cancer detection rate between the sextant TR and TP groups (risk difference (RD), -0.02; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.08-0.03; P=0.34). Meta-analysis for RCTs combined with CCS showed that there was no difference in the cancer detection rate between the extensive TR and TP group (RD, -0.01; 95% CI, -0.05-0.04; P=0.81). There was no significant difference in PCa detection rate between the saturation TR and TP approaches (31.4% vs. 25.7%, respectively; P=0.3). There were also no significant differences in cancer detection between the TR and TP groups in each subgroup. Although the data on complications were not pooled for the meta-analysis, no significant difference was found when comparing TR and TP studies. TR and TP biopsies were equivalent in terms of efficiency and related complications. TP prostate biopsy should be an available and alternative procedure for use by urologists.     

Accuracy of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: Histopathological correlation to matched prostatectomy specimens

BACKGROUND: The Gleason grading system is currently the world's most commonly used histological system for prostate cancer. It provides significant information about the prognosis. Therefore, Gleason score is accepted as an important factor in therapeutic decision-making for prostate cancer. This retrospective study assessed the correlation of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens in terms of Gleason scores. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 103 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy due to clinically localized prostate cancer. The Gleason scores of the TRUS biopsies were compared with the respective Gleason scores of surgical specimen. RESULTS: In 28.7% of cases, the TRUS biopsy score was the same as that of the radical prostatectomy specimen. The most significant discordance was the upgrading of well-differentiated tumors after surgery in 71.7% of cases. However, in 81.8% of cases with high Gleason score on TRUS, biopsy was correlated with poorly differentiated tumor after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Well-differentiated tumors on TRUS biopsy did not correlate with the grades of final pathology in the majority of cases; however, a high Gleason score on TRUS biopsy usually indicated a poorly differentiated tumor on prostatectomy specimen. Therefore, the treatment algorithms for particularly well-differentiated tumors should not be deduced from biopsy histology alone.     

Significance of lateral biopsy specimens during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies in Japanese men

OBJECTIVES: Lateral biopsies are thought to have a better cancer detection rate compared with standard sextant biopsies. This study aimed to determine whether lateral peripheral zone biopsies in Japanese men who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies provided a significantly higher cancer detection rate than sextant biopsies. METHODS: Between 1999 and 2004, data were collected from 461 men who underwent prostate biopsy and had enough data regarding the performance of lateral biopsies for statistical analysis. There were two categories in this study: (i) patients who underwent sextant prostate biopsies; and (ii) patients who underwent sextant biopsies plus lateral biopsies. RESULTS: Prostate cancer was detected in 141 (30.6%) of 461 patients. It was detected in 24 (22.2%) of 108 patients who underwent sextant biopsies and 117 (33.1%) of 353 patients who underwent sextant plus lateral biopsies. Lateral biopsies were not associated with a statistically higher rate of positive biopsy findings; however, we found a significantly higher ratio of patients with positive findings in those with prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels 10 ng/mL (one of 71, 1.4%) among those who had positive cores only in lateral biopsy samples (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Lateral biopsies did not show a significantly higher detection ratio of prostate cancer compared to sextant biopsies. However, lateral biopsies were more effective than sextant biopsies in patients with lower PSA levels. Our findings might be useful for the establishment of biopsy strategies to detect prostate cancer, especially in patients with lower PSA levels.     

Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy: A prospective randomized study of tosufloxacin versus levofloxacin

Objectives:   To assess the efficacy of tosufloxacin as a prophylactic agent for transrectal biopsy of the prostate (TBP), we conducted a randomized prospective study comparing tosufloxacin versus levofloxacin.
Methods:   A randomized prospective study comparing tosufloxacin versus levofloxacin was performed. In group A, 124 patients received 300 mg tosufloxacin tosilate (including 204 mg tosufloxacin) twice daily for 2 days, with the initial dose being 2 h prior to biopsy. In group B, 119 patients received 200 mg levofloxacin in the same manner.
Results:   Infectious complications were reported equally in six cases in each group (4.8% in group A and 5.0% in group B). Each group included five cases of acute prostatitis and one of cystitis. Six patients suffering from prostatitis required hospitalization, while those with symptomatic urinary tract infection were treated as outpatients.
Conclusions:   Tosufloxacin was as effective as levofloxacin when administered twice daily for 2 days as prophylaxis for TBP, which suggests that this regimen is useful for reducing the clinical and febrile infection rate following TBP.     

Effects of sextant transrectal prostate biopsy plus additional far lateral cores in improving cancer detection rates in men with large prostate glands

PURPOSE: To determine whether additional, far lateral cores improve the diagnostic performance of transrectal sextant biopsy in men with large prostate glands. METHODS: Men with prostate volumes of 50 mL or greater in transrectal ultrasonography who were suspected of prostatic adenocarcinoma were prospectively enrolled. Biopsy criteria were defined as 2.0 ng/mL or greater of serum total prostate-specific antigen and/or abnormal findings on digital rectal examination. Four cores of far lateral biopsies were added to the standard sextant technique. RESULTS: Of 104 patients enrolled in the present study and undergoing biopsy, 14 (13.5%) were diagnosed as having prostate cancer and 27 (26.0%) were diagnosed as having prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) or an atypical gland. There were no cases where cancer was only detected in the additional cores, whereas PIN/atypical gland was uniquely detected from the additional, far lateral sites in eight of the 27 patients who were diagnosed with this condition. CONCLUSIONS: Although the number of patients diagnosed as having PIN/atypical gland might increase with the addition of far lateral cores, this additional sampling does not improve cancer detection rates in men with large prostate glands.