微量白蛋白尿与急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归的相关性

目的 探讨尿微量白蛋白(microalbuminuria, MAU)与急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归的关系.方法 前瞻性纳入住院治疗的连续急性缺血性卒中患者.入院后次日晨起留取首次尿标本测定尿白蛋白/肌酐比率(urine albumin/ creatinine ratio, UACR),UACR 30~300 mg/g定义为MAU阳性.入院时采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS)评价卒中严重程度,出院时采用改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale, mRS)评价功能转归,0~2分定义为转归良好.结果 共纳入244例急性缺血性卒中患者,其中53例(21.72%)MAU阳性,67例(27.50%)转归不良.单变量分析显示,MAU阳性组患者年龄、基线NIHSS评分、收缩压、空腹血糖、球蛋白、D-二聚体、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞以及缺血性心脏病构成比显著高于MAU阴性组(P均<0.05).转归不良组基线NIHSS评分、空腹血糖、纤维蛋白原、间接胆红素、直接胆红素、C反应蛋白、D-二聚体、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞以及MAU阳性患者构成比显著高于转归良好组(P均<0.05).多变量logistic回归分析显示,MAU[优势比(odds ratio, OR)1.520,95%可信区间(confidence interval, CI)1.151~1.794;P=0.031]、基线NIHSS评分(OR 1.570,95% CI 1.357~1.808;P<0.001)是急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归不良的独立危险因素.结论 急性缺血性卒中患者的MAU发生率较高,MAU阳性可作为急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归不良的独立预测指标之一.     

The effect of 24 h blood pressure levels on early neurological recovery after stroke

OBJECTIVES: To assess the influence of 24 h blood pressure (BP) levels on functional recovery 1 week after stroke and the effect of antihypertensive therapy on 24 h BP levels. DESIGN: Prospective study of patients admitted to hospital over 1 year with first in a lifetime stroke who underwent 24 h BP and casual measurements. Setting. Medical wards in a teaching hospital. Subjects. Of 160 patients, 72 patients admitted to hospital within 24 h of stroke onset were investigated. Patients with conditions and therapy that interfered with autonomic and sympathetic function were excluded. Interventions. All subjects underwent 24 h BP and casual recordings on admission to hospital and at day seven after stroke. The mean 24 h, day and night systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) and their differences (nocturnal BP dip) were recorded. Patients were divided into three groups according to whether they were taking antihypertensive therapy during the first week: (i) no therapy, (ii) therapy continued after stroke, and (iii) new therapy introduced. Main outcome measures. Functional recovery (Rankin Scale 0-1) and neurological improvement [Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) >/=3 points] by 1 week of stroke. Change in circadian 24 h BP over 1 week. RESULTS: For each 10 mmHg difference between day and night time DBP, the odds for making a complete recovery were 4.63 (95% CI: 1.57-13.7, P=0.01). For each 10 mmHg difference between day and night SBP, the odds for making an improvement in neurological status was 2.24 (95% CI: 1.16-4.32; P=0.016). Significant falls in 24 h DBP (P=0.01), daytime SBP (P=0.005) and mean arterial BP (MABP) (P=0.04) over 1 week were demonstrated in patients who had just commenced antihypertensive therapy (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: An increase in day to night time BP change is favourable in short-term outcome after acute stroke. Significant falls in BP are more likely in patients started on antihypertensive therapy for the first time. Further research is required to understand the effects of circadian BP rhythm on stroke outcome.     

缺血性小卒中转归不良的相关因素

目的：探讨缺血性小卒中患者转归不良的危险因素。方法前瞻性纳入缺血性小卒中患者,在发病后90 d时应用改良Rankin量表评估临床转归,0~2分定义为转归良好。对转归良好组与转归不良组人口统计学资料、血管危险因素、临床资料、影像学资料、卒中病因学分型、实验室化验结果、治疗方法等进行比较,采用多变量logistic回归分析确定缺血性小卒中患者早期转归不良的独立危险因素。结果共纳入516例缺血性小卒中患者。发病后90 d时90例（17.44％）转归不良,426例（82.56％）转归良好。多变量logistic回归分析显示,年龄[优势比（odds ratio, OR）1.045,95％可信区间（confidence interval, CI）1.017~1.074;P=0.002]、心脏病（OR 2.021,95％CI 1.063~3.841;P=0.032）、基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（ National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS）评分（OR 1.662,95％CI 1.177~2.347;P=0.004）、肢体运动障碍（OR 2.430,95％CI 1.010~5.850;P=0.048）、共济运动障碍（ OR 2.929,95％CI 1.188~7.221;P=0.020）、早期神经功能恶化（OR 50.994,95％CI 17.659~147.258;P<0.001）、梗死灶直径（OR 1.279,95％CI 1.075~1.521;P=0.005）、非责任血管狭窄（ OR 2.518,95％CI 1.145~5.536;P=0.022）、大动脉粥样硬化性卒中（ OR 2.010,95％CI 1.009~4.003;P=0.047）是缺血性小卒中转归不良的独立危险因素。结论缺血性小卒中早期转归不良与年龄、心脏病史、基线NIHSS评分、肢体运动障碍、共济运动障碍、早期神经功能恶化、梗死灶直径、非责任血管狭窄、大动脉粥样硬化性卒中密切相关,需早期完善相关检查,明确病因分型,指导临床进行正确治疗。     

血清前白蛋白和白蛋白与不同年龄段急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归的相关性

目的 探讨不同年龄段急性缺血性卒中患者血清前白蛋白和白蛋白水平与短期转归的相关性.方法 前瞻性连续纳入发病48 h内入院的急性缺血性卒中患者.在发病后14 d应用改良Rankin量表评估功能转归情况,0～2分定义为转归良好.根据患者年龄分为中青年组(＜60岁)和老年组(≥60岁).比较总体患者以及不同年龄段患者转归良好组与转归不良组的人口统计学、基线临床资料和实验室检查结果.应用多变量logistic回归分析确定短期转归的独立影响因素.结果 共纳入急性缺血性卒中患者622例,其中男性402例(64.6％),女性220例(35.4％);中青年组206例(33.1％),老年组416例(66.9％);转归良好310例(49.8％),转归不良312例(50.2％).转归良好组男性、老年、高脂血症、糖尿病、既往卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)史的患者构成比以及年龄、体重指数、前白蛋白、白蛋白、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素、尿素氮和尿酸水平与转归不良组差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).多变量logistic回归分析显示,女性[优势比(odds ratio,OR)1.522,95％可信区间(confidence interval,CI)1.023 ～ 2.266;P=0.038]、糖尿病(OR 1.789,95％ CI1.171 ～2.735;P=0.007)以及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(OR 1.251,95％ CI 1.017～ 1.539;P=0.034)、总胆红素(OR1.054,95％ CI1.029～1.081;P＜0.001)、尿素氮(OR 1.245,95％ CI1.100～1.409;P=0.001)和基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分(OR 2.854,95％ CI1.027～3.628;P=0.019)较高为转归不良的独立危险因素,而前白蛋白(OR 0.798,95％ CI0.633～0.979;P =0.034)和白蛋白(OR 0.741,95％ CI0.693～0.988;P=0.020)较高为转归良好的独立预测因素.在中青年患者中,转归良好组糖尿病和小动脉闭塞的患者构成比以及年龄、三酰甘油和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平与转归不良组差异有统计学意义(P均＜ 0.05);多变量logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病(OR 2.343,95％ CI 1.127 ～4.871;P=0.023)和基线NIHSS评分较高(OR 2.041,95％ CI1.304～4.125;P=0.027)为转归不良的独立危险因素,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇较高(OR0.742,95％ CI0.639 ～0.937;P=0.044)为转归良好的独立预测因素.在老年患者中,转归良好组男性、既往卒中或TIA史、心源性栓塞的患者构成比以及前白蛋白、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素和尿酸水平与转归不良组差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);多变量logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病(OR 2.797,95％ CI1.153 ～4.756;P=0.039)、基线NIHSS评分较高(OR 2.586,95％ CI.033 ～3.435;P=0.035)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇较高(OR1.304,95％ CI1.027 ～1.656;P=0.029)为转归不良的独立危险因素,而前白蛋白较高为转归良好的独立预测因素(OR0.795,95％ CI0.691 ～0.998;P=0.002).结论 前白蛋白和白蛋白是急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归良好的独立预测因素.血清前白蛋白在老年人群(≥60岁)中的保护作用更为明显.     

醒后卒中的预测因素和早期转归：回顾性病例系列研究

目的：探讨醒后卒中患者的预测因素和早期临床转归。方法连续收集急性缺血性卒中住院患者,根据发病时间分为醒后卒中组与非醒后卒中组,比较2组人口统计学和基线临床资料,分析醒后卒中的预测因素。根据出院时的改良 Rankin 量表(modified Rankin Scale, mRS)评分将患者分为转归不良组(≥2分)与转归良好组(0~1分),比较2组人口统计学和基线临床资料,分析早期临床转归的影响因素。结果共纳入急性缺血性卒中患者420例,其中醒后卒中组103例(24．5%),非醒后卒中组317例(75．5%)。单变量分析显示,醒后卒中组大动脉粥样硬化性卒中构成比(23．3%对34．7%;χ2=4．650, P =0．031)显著低于非醒后卒中组,而收缩压[(155．1±19．6)mmHg 对(150．4±20．9)mmHg,1 mmHg =0．133 kPa;t =2．013,P =0．045]、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表( National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS)评分[中位数和四分位数间距：10．0(5．0~14．0)分对7．0(4．5~10．0)分; Z =-2．648, P =0．008]以及小血管闭塞性卒中(21．4%对11．0%;χ2=7．056,P =0．008)和心房颤动(25．2%对11．8%;χ2=5．874,P =0．015)的患者构成比显著高于非醒后卒中组。多变量 logistic 回归分析显示,基线 NIHSS 评分高[优势比(odds ratio, OR)1．075,95%可信区间(confidence interval, CI)1．023~1．130;P =0．004]是醒后卒中的独立预测因素,既往卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作史(OR 0．562,95% CI 0．327~0．969;P =0．038)和大动脉粥样硬化性卒中(OR 0．557,95% CI 0．321~0．966;P =0．037)与非醒后卒中独立相关。在420例急性缺血性卒中患者中,228例(54．3%)转归良好,192例(45．7%)转归不良。单变量分析显示,转归不良组醒后卒中(31．2%对18．9%;χ2=8．645,P =0．003)和心房颤动(24．0%对11．8%;χ2=10．655, P =0．001)的患者构成比以及基线 NIHSS 评分[中位数和四分位数间距：11．0(9．0~14．0)分对5．0(2．0~7．0)分;Z =-15．335,P <0．001]显著高于转归良好组。多变量 logistic 回归分析显示,基线 NIHSS 评分较高与早期转归不良独立相关(OR 2．011,95% CI 1．753~2．309;P <0．001),而醒后卒中与早期转归不良无独立相关性( OR 1．694,95% CI 0．779~3．683;P =0．183)。结论基线NIHSS评分较高是醒后卒中和急性缺血性卒中患者早期转归不良的独立预测因素,而醒后卒中与急性缺血性卒中患者的早期转归不良无关。     

High blood pressure in acute stroke and subsequent outcome: a systematic review

High blood pressure (BP) is common in acute stroke and might be associated with a poor outcome, although observational studies have given varying results. In a systematic review, articles were sought that reported both admission BP and outcome (death, death or dependency, death or deterioration, stroke recurrence, and hematoma expansion) in acute stroke. Data were analyzed by the Cochrane Review Manager software and are given as odds ratios (ORs) or weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Altogether, 32 studies were identified involving 10 892 patients. When all data were included, death was significantly associated with an elevated mean arterial BP ([MABP] OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.12 to 2.31) and a high diastolic BP ([DBP] OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.48). Combined death or dependency was associated with high systolic BP ([SBP] OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.13 to 6.40) and DBP (OR, 4.68; 95% CI, 1.87 to 11.70) in primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH). Similarly, high SBP (+11.73 mm Hg; 95% CI, 1.30 to 22.16), MABP (+9.00 mm Hg; 95% CI, 0.92 to 17.08), and DBP (+6.00 mm Hg; 95% CI, 0.19 to 11.81) were associated with death or dependency in ischemic stroke. Combined death or deterioration was associated with a high SBP (OR, 5.57; 95% CI, 1.42 to 21.86) in patients with PICH. In summary, high BP in acute ischemic stroke or PICH is associated with subsequent death, death or dependency, and death or deterioration. Moderate lowering of BP might improve outcome. Acute BP lowering needs to be tested in 1 or more large, randomized trials.     

血清尿酸、胆红素水平与急性缺血性卒中患者近期转归的相关性

目的：探讨基线尿酸水平及胆红素水平与急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归的关系。方法收集缺血性卒中患者的临床资料,包括入院时血清尿酸和胆红素水平、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS)评分、出院时或第14天时改良 Rankin 量表(modified Rankin Scale, mRS)评分(0~2分定义为转归良好,>2分定义为转归不良)。结果共纳入急性缺血性卒中患者162例,转归良好组114例,转归不良组48例。2组之间糖尿病(51．75%对75．00%;χ2=7．526,P =0．006)、既往卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作( transient ischemic attack, TIA)史(18．42%对50．00%;χ2=17．790, P <0．001)的患者构成比以及基线舒张压[(87．061±12．245)mmHg 对(82．375±10．949)mmHg,1 mmHg =0．133 kPa;t =2．293,P =0．023]、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇[(1．604±0．299)mmol/L 对(1．265±0．206)mmol/L; t =3．227, P =0．002]、空腹血糖[(2．875±0．438)mmol/L 对(8．160±0．592)mmol/L; t =-4．761, P <0．001)]、尿酸[(289．365±77．168)μmol/L 对(248．206±66．206)μmol/L; t =3．111, P =0．002]、总胆红素[(14．673±2．213)μmol/L 对(10．395±2．714)μmol/L; t =3．779, P <0．001]、直接胆红素[(6．036±1．392)μmol/L 对(4．956±1．379)μmol/L; t =2．088, P =0．038]、间接胆红素[(8．634±2．307)μmol/L 对(5．439±1．223)μmol/L;t =4．219,P <0．001]水平存在显著差异。多变量 logistic回归分析显示,既往卒中或 TIA 史[优势比(odds ratio, OR)3．751,95%可信区间(confidence interval, CI)1．395~10．091;P =0．009]和基线 NIHSS 评分(OR 2．723,95% CI 1．093~6．783;P =0．031)是缺血性卒中转归不良的独立危险因素,而尿酸(OR 0．357,95% CI 0．141~0．900;P =0．029)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(OR 0．262,95% CI 0．079~0．870;P =0．029)和间接胆红素(OR 0．117,95% CI 0．025~0．539;P =0．006)与转归良好独立相关。结论基线尿酸和间接胆红素水平增高是急性缺血性卒中患者转归良好的有利因素。     

血压变异性与急性缺血性卒中患者早期神经功能恶化的相关性

目的 探讨早期血压变异性与急性缺血性卒中患者早期神经功能恶化(early neurological deterioration,END)的相关性.方法 前瞻性收集住院治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者.连续记录入组患者入院72 h内的血压值,计算收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)和舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)的平均值(mean)、最大值(maximum,max)、极差(differences between the maximum and minimum,max-min)、标准差(standard deviation,SD)和变异系数(coefficient of variation,CV).END定义为美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)最高时的评分较基线增加≥2分.采用多变量logistic回归分析在校正混杂因素后确定不同血压变异性参数与急性缺血性卒中后END的独立相关性.结果 共纳入128例急性缺血性卒中患者,其中男性75例,女性53例;平均年龄(63.30±11.82)岁.经过标准治疗,35例(27.34％)患者在入院72 h内发生END.END患者与非END患者年龄、性别、糖尿病、基线NIHSS评分、C反应蛋白以及SBPmax、SBPmax.mm、SBPsD、SBPCv、DBPmax、DBPmax-min、DBPsD和DBPCV的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多变量logistic回归分析表明,血压变异性指标中的SBPmax--min[优势比(odds ratio,OR)1.040,95％可信区间(confidence interval,CI)1.014 ～1.067]、SBPsD(OR 1.191,95％ CI 1.052～1.347)、SBPCv(OR 1.317,95％ CI1.100 ～1.578)、DBPmax-min(OR 1.076,95％ CI1.018 ～1.138)、DBPSD(OR 1.508,95％ CI1.128～2.016)和DBPCv(OR 1.338,95％ CI1.093 ～1.638)是急性缺血性卒中患者发生END的独立危险因素.结论 急性缺血性卒中患者72 h内血压变异性与END显著相关.     

Sex differences in risk factors, etiology, and short-term outcome of cerebral infarction in young patients

Investigations to date have demonstrated that the underlying etiology, causes and burden of stroke may be different for women and men. However, data regarding sex differences among young cerebral ischemic stroke patients remains scarce. We conducted this study in 669 young Chinese adults with acute ischemic stroke as determined by the modified Rankin Scale at discharge. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that NIHSS score (OR 1.277; 95% CI 1.179-1.383, p=0.000), diabetes mellitus (OR 0.121; 95% CI 0.0209-0.718, p=0.020) and serum glucose levels on admission (OR 1.135; 95% CI 0.997-1.293, p=0.046) independently predict short-term outcomes at discharge in young female patients with acute stroke, but the significant variables related to male patients appeared to be Apo A1 (OR 0.165; 95% CI 0.035-0.776, p=0.023) and NIHSS score on admission (OR 1.458; 95% CI 1.325-1.605, p=0.000). In our series, our data suggest that there are several sex differences for risk of cerebral infarction in young patients, which have important implications for the diagnosis, management and prognosis of stroke in young adults.     

Low cholesterol levels are associated with short-term mortality in older patients with ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND: The possible relationship between serum total cholesterol (TC) levels and outcome following ischemic stroke is still controversial. We evaluated the association between TC levels and 30-day mortality in a sample of older patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: We enrolled 490 older patients with severe ischemic stroke consecutively admitted to University Hospital's Internal Medicine or Geriatrics Department. Stroke type was classified according to the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. The data recorded included clinical features, medical history, electrocardiogram, and blood analyses. Patients were divided into three groups by TC levels: group I (TC<4.1 mmol/L), group II (TC 4.1-5.2 mmol/L), and group III (TC>5.2 mmol/L). RESULTS: The overall mortality was 27.7%. Mortality was higher in patients with low TC levels (47.4%) compared with those with normal and high TC levels (23.0% and 24.1%, respectively). The odds ratio (OR) for short-term death was 2.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-3.85) in group I compared with group III, after adjustment for age and gender. This result did not change after adjustment for possible confounders (OR 2.87; 95% CI 1.23-6.68). A similar trend was observed after adjustment for the Oxfordshire classification, age, and gender (OR 1.67; 95% CI 0.83-3.33). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term mortality following ischemic stroke is higher in older participants with low TC levels, independent of a large number of factors. Low TC levels might be useful in identifying frail older participants at high risk of stroke short-term mortality.     

急性缺血性卒中患者血清胆红素水平与病情严重程度和短期转归的关系

目的：探讨急性缺血性卒中患者血清胆红素水平与病情严重程度和短期转归的关系。方法纳入连续的120例急性缺血性卒中住院患者,105例同期健康体检者作为对照组。在入院24 h内检测血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素以及血脂、血糖等生化指标,入院当天采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS ）评定神经功能缺损情况,NIHSS评分<8分定义为轻度卒中,≥8分定义为中重度卒中。在出院时或发病后14 d采用改良 Rankin 量表（modified Rankin Scale, mRS）评估临床转归,0~2分定义为转归良好,>2分定义为转归不良,并再次检测血清总胆红素、直接胆红素和间接胆红素水平。结果中重度卒中组血清总胆红素、直接胆红素和间接胆红素水平均显著高于轻度卒中组（P ＜0.01）和对照组（P ＜0.01）。多变量 logistic 回归分析显示,血清总胆红素[优势比（odds ratio, OR）1.855,95％可信区间（confidence interval, CI）1.390~2.475;P ＜0.01]、间接胆红素（OR 3.380,95％ CI 1.271~11.901;P ＜0.05）和直接胆红素（OR 3.51,95％ CI 1.062~11.473;P ＜0.01）水平升高均与基线病情严重程度存在显著独立相关性。单变量分析显示,入院时血清总胆红素水平升高与短期转归不良有关（P ＜0.05）,但校正其他混杂因素后丧失统计学意义（OR 2.411,95％ CI 0.803~7.243;P >0.05）。结论脑梗死急性期患者血清胆红素水平呈应激性升高,并且与神经功能缺损程度存在显著相关性,但与短期转归无关,可能是机体对卒中事件的一种防御反应。     

轻型缺血性卒中患者转归不良的预测因素：前瞻性队列研究

目的 探讨轻型缺血性卒中患者的功能转归并明确其转归不良的危险因素.方法 前瞻性纳入发病后72 h内就诊的轻型缺血性卒中患者,根据发病后90 d时改良Rankin量表（modified Rankin Scale,mRS）评分将患者分为转归不良组（mRS评分＞2分）和转归良好组（mRS评分0～2分）.采用单变量分析和多变量logistic回归分析对人口统计学资料、血管危险因素、临床资料、实验室检查资料、影像学资料和随访资料进行比较和分析,明确轻型缺血性卒中转归不良的危险因素.结果 共纳入253例轻型缺血性卒中患者,其中71例（28.1％）转归不良.单变量分析显示,转归不良组年龄（=2.037,P=0.043）、基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）评分（U=4 610.000,P=0.000）、基线mRS评分（U=5 723.000,P=0.000）以及既往缺血性卒中史（x2 =4.950,P=0.026）、有症状大血管重度狭窄或闭塞（x2=49.037,P=0.000）、大动脉粥样硬化型卒中（x2=34.359,P=0.000）、早期神经功能恶化（x2=45.804,P=0.000）、并发肺炎（x2=12.121,P=0.000）以及缺血性卒中复发（x2=14.305,P=0.000）的患者比例显著性高于转归良好组.多变量logistic回归分析显示,高龄[优势比（odds ratio,OR）1.049,95％可信区间（confidence interval,CI）1.012 ～1.086;P=0.008]、基线mRS评分较高（OR 2.130,95％ CI 1.212～3.743;P=0.009）、基线NIHSS评分较高（OR 1.532,95％ CI 1.064 ～2.206;P=0.022）、有症状大血管重度狭窄或闭塞（OR 7.569,95％ CI 3.497～ 16.380;P=0.000）、早期神经功能恶化（OR 7.369,95％ CI2.648～20.510;P =0.000）和缺血性卒中复发（OR 10.450,95％ CI 3.071 ～35.564;P=0.000）是转归不良的独立危险因素.结论 超过1/4的轻型缺血性卒中患者转归不良,高龄、基线mRS评分较高、基线NIHSS评分较高、有症状大血管重度狭窄或闭塞、早期神经功能恶化以及缺血性卒中复发是其?     

High initial blood pressure after acute stroke is associated with poor functional outcome

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between high initial blood pressure and functional outcome in patients with acute stroke. DESIGN: An observational study based on the data from the Intravenous Nimodipine West European Stroke Trial (INWEST). INWEST was a placebo-controlled randomized study terminated prematurely; subsequent analysis found a correlation between diastolic BP (DBP) reduction caused by high-dose nimodipine and unfavourable outcome. Subjects. Of the 295 patients with acute ischaemic stroke (within 24 h) recruited in the INWEST, 265 were included in this analysis [n = 92 for placebo, n = 93 for low-dose nimodipine (1-mg h(-1)) and n=80 for high-dose nimodipine (2-mg h(-1))]. Definition. Initial BP was defined as BP at the time of randomization. Normal initial BP (NIBP)=systolic BP (SBP) 120-160 and DBP 60-90 mmHg (n=126). Four alternatives were defined as high initial BP (HIBP): (1) >160/90 (n=126), (2) >170/95 (n=106), (3) >180/100 (n=63), (4) >190/105 (n=45). Main outcome measures. Combined death or dependency (DD) (Barthel index < 60) at 21 days. RESULTS: In multiple logistic regression analyses, the odds ratio [OR] for DD at day 21 was significantly higher in patients with any definition of HIBP than with NIBP. For all patients, OR and 95% confidence intervals [CI] for 160/90 versus NIBP=3.1, 1.3-7.3, respectively; for 170/95=3.3, 1.4-8.1; for 180/100=7.0, 2.1-22.8; for 190/105=3.7, 1.1-12.4. For only placebo patients, OR and 95% CI for 160/90=4.8, 1.2-19.3; for 170/95=4.4, 1.1-17.8; for 180/100=12.7, 2.2-74.7; for 190/105=5.6, 1.1-30.0. The outcome was similar at 24 weeks but did not reach statistical significance for the placebo patients. CONCLUSION: Patients with HIBP had a poor functional outcome after acute stroke.     

基底动脉高密度征与急性后循环脑梗死患者短期预后的相关性

目的探讨在非增强头部CT上显示的基底动脉高密度征(HDBA)与急性后循环脑梗死患者短期预后的相关性。方法回顾性分析发病48h内行非增强头部CT检查的后循环脑梗死患者103例。根据发病14 d时美国国立卫生院卒中量表评分(NIHSS),将患者分为短期预后不良组(30例)和短期预后较好组(73例)。分析HDBA与患者短期预后的关系。其中75例在发病7 d内行头部CT血管造影(CTA)或MR血管造影(MRA)检查,分析血管病变程度与HDBA的关系。结果①预后不良组HDBA、糖尿病患者所占比率及入院时NIHSS评分高于短期预后较好组,差异均有统计学意义,P<0.01。②Binary Logistic回归分析显示,HDBA(OR=0.053,95%CI:0.013～0.213,P<0.01)和入院时NIHSS评分(OR=0.705,95%CI:0.521～0.955,P<0.05)是影响急性后循环脑梗死患者短期预后不良的独立危险因素。③75例行血管检查的患者中,28例为HDBA组,47例为非HDBA组。HDBA组和非HDBA组重度狭窄或闭塞患者所占比率分别为71.4%(20/28)和6.4%(3/47),差异有统计学意义,P<0.01。结论 HDBA可能是影响急性后循环脑梗死短期预后的参考指标。     

Predicting prognosis in patients with stroke treated with intravenous alteplase through the 24‐h trajectory of blood pressure changes

Blood pressure (BP) monitored within 24 h from the beginning of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with alteplase, is one of the important factors affecting the prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study aimed to explore longitudinal BP trajectory patterns and determine their association with stroke prognosis after thrombolysis. From November 2018 to September 2019, a total of 391 patients were enrolled consecutively during the study period, and 353 patients were ultimately analyzed. Five systolic (SBP) and four diastolic blood pressure (DBP) trajectory subgroups were identified. The regression analysis showed that when compared with the rapidly moderate stable group, the continuous fluctuation‐very high level SBP group (odds ratio [OR]: 2.743, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.008–7.467) was associated with early neurological deterioration (END). Both the rapid drop‐high level SBP (OR: 0.448, 95% CI: 0.219–0.919) and DBP groups (OR: 0.399, 95% CI: 0.219–0.727) were associated with early neurological improvement (ENI). Moreover, there was a U‐shaped correlation between the OR value of SBP trajectory group and favorable outcome (the modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0–2) at 3 months: the slow drop‐low level SBP group represent a well‐established unfavorable outcome risk factor (OR:5.239, 95% CI: 1.271–21.595), and extremely high SBP—the continuous fluctuation‐very high level SBP group, are equally associated with elevated unfavorable outcome risk (OR:3.797, 95% CI: 1.486–9.697). The continuous fluctuation‐very high level DBP group was statistically significant in mRS (OR: 3.387, CI: 1.185–9.683). The BP trajectory groups show varying clinical features and risk of neurological dysfunction. The findings may help identify potential candidates for clinical BP monitoring, control, and specialized care.     

急性缺血性卒中患者早期神经功能恶化的预测因素

目的 探讨急性缺血性卒中患者早期神经功能恶化(early neurologic deterioration,END)的危险因素.方法 回顾性纳入急性缺血性卒中患者,收集患者的临床资料和实验室检查结果.根据发病后7d内美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分变化分为END组与非END组,END定义为NIHSS评分较基线水平增加≥3分.采用多变量logistic回归分析确定急性缺血性卒中患者END的独立危险因素.结果 共纳入328例急性缺血性卒中患者,其中74例(22.6％)发生END,254例(77.4％)未发生END.END组男性、高血压、既往卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作史、脑干或小脑梗死、入院前使用抗高血压药的患者构成比以及入院前收缩压均显著高于非END组(P均＜0.05),白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖、高半胱氨酸、C反应蛋白和纤维蛋白原水平均显著高于非END组(P均＜0.05).多变量logistic回归分析显示,白细胞计数[优势比(odds ratio,OR)2.126,95％可信区间(confidence interval,CI)1.240 ～4.325);P=0.028]、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(OR 2.486,95％ CI 1.932 ～6.021;P=0.036)、高半胱氨酸(OR 2.787,95％ CI 1.194 ～6.902;P=0.036)和C反应蛋白(OR 3.416,95％ CI 1.552～10.650;P =0.032)较高是急性缺血性卒中患者发生END的独立预测因素.结论 白细胞计数、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高半胱氨酸和C反应蛋白较高是急性缺血性卒中患者END的独立预测因素.     

缺血性卒中患者恢复期日常生活能力恶化:东莞地区的队列随访研究

目的 探讨缺血性卒中患者恢复期日常生活能力(activity of daily life,ADL)恶化的发生率、病因和危险因素.方法 前瞻性纳入来自东莞地区连续住院治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者,记录人口统计学、临床和影像学资料,并完成6个月随访.使用改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,mRS)-9Q进行ADL评定,mRS评分0～2分定义为生活自理,mRS评分＞2分定义为生活依赖,ADL恶化定义为由生活自理转为生活依赖.建立多变量logistic回归模型分析ADL恶化的相关因素.结果 362例患者完成6个月随访,50例(13.8％)患者出现恢复期ADL恶化,其中14例(3.9％)归因于卒中早期复发,12例(3.3％)归因于缺血性卒中后认知功能损害.多变量logistic回归分析显示,高龄[优势比(odds ratio,OR)1.099,95％可信区间(confidence interval,CI)1.049 ～1.152;P＜0.001]、女性(OR2.026,95％ CI1.068～6.437;P=0.035)、既往卒中史(OR 1.251,95％ CI 1.024～1.530;P =0.029)和基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)较高(OR 1.167,95％ CI1.016～ 1.284;P=0.001)是ADL恶化的独立危险因素.结论 缺血性卒中患者恢复期ADL恶化并不少见,高龄、女性、既往卒中史和基线NIHSS评分较高是其独立危险因素.     

Prognostic value of blood pressure in acute stroke

Manipulation of blood pressure (BP) in acute stroke may improve outcome. Despite various studies, data on the prognostic significance of early BP in stroke remain unclear. Therefore, we studied the relationship between various BP variables in the acute phase of stroke and functional outcome at 3 months. Blood pressures were collected by reviewing BP records of 817 patients who were admitted to our stroke unit between 1987 and 1992. Besides the first systolic and diastolic admission BP (SBP and DBP), we also used the mean of the daytime as well as the night-time systolic and diastolic BP values. Finally, we studied the relationship between the decrease in BP between day 0 and 4 and outcome. As dependent outcome variable we used the Rankin handicap score at 3 months dichotomized in a score >3 (poor outcome) vs a score 3 (good outcome). A total of 430 patients were admitted within 24 h following stroke onset. There was no significant relationship between the systolic and diastolic BP and the outcome at 3 months. Only night-time systolic BP 165 mm Hg (odds ratio (OR) 2.8; 95% CI 1.1-6.8), night-time diastolic BP 60 mm Hg (OR 8.1; 95% CI 1.1-58.3), and a decrease in daytime diastolic BP between day 0 and 4 of 10 mm Hg (OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.1-7.9) showed a significant relationship with poor outcome. Our findings suggest that admission BP values may not reliably reflect any impact of BP on stroke outcome. They also suggest a potential differential effect of BP manipulation: increasing or decreasing BP may be beneficial for patients with BP extremes in one direction, but detrimental for those with BP values in the opposite direction.     

急性缺血性卒中机械取栓后出血性转化和临床转归的影响因素

目的 探讨急性缺血性卒中患者机械取栓治疗后出血性转化(hemorrhagic transformation,HT)和转归不良的危险因素.方法 回顾性纳入接受机械取栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者,收集患者的人口统计学、血管危险因素和其他临床资料,应用改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,mRS)评价发病90d时临床转归,转归良好定义为mRS评分0～2分.根据HT情况将患者分为HT组和非HT组,根据mRS评分将患者分为转归良好组和转归不良组.应用多变量logistic回归分析确定HT和转归不良的独立危险因素.结果 共纳入48例接受机械取栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者,男性25例(52.1％),平均年龄(64.77 ±9.14)岁,平均美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分(17.70 ±3.77)分.22例(45.8％)发生HT,其中9例为有症状HT;24例(50.0％)转归良好.HT组男性比例显著低于非HT组(30.4％对72.0％;x2=8.293,P=0.004),而糖尿病(65.2％对36.0％;x2=4.090,P=0.043)和心房颤动(78.3％对44.0％;x2=5.880,P=0.015)的患者比例以及基线空腹血糖水平[(8.514±4.400) mmol/L对(6.354±1.472) mmol/L;t =2.319,P=0.025]则显著高于非HT组.多变量logistic回归分析显示,心房颤动[优势比(odds ratio,OR)6.136,95％可信区间(confidence interval,CI)1.617～23.291;P=0.042]是机械取栓后发生HT的危险因素.转归良好组基线NIHSS评分[(16.050±4.865)分对(19.210±4.423)分;=2.354,P =0.023]以及糖尿病(29.2％对70.8％;x2=8.333,P=0.004)、前循环卒中(62.5％对87.5％;x2 =4.000,P =0.046)、大脑中动脉闭塞(29.2％对75.0％;x2=10.101,P=0.002)和脑实质血肿(4.1％对33.3％;P=0.011)患者比例显著低于转归不良组,而心房颤动(75.0％对45.8％;x2=4.269,P=0.039)和椎基底动脉闭塞(37.5％对12.5％;x2=10.113,P=0.006)患者比例显著高于转归不良组.多变量logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病(OR5.898,95％ CI 1.699～20.479;P=0.005)、基线NIHSS评分(OR1.167,95％ CI 1.011 ～1.347;P=0.035)和脑实质血肿(OR 1.295,95％ CI 1.099 ～ 1.875;P =0.028)是转归不良的独立危险因素.结论 心房颤动是急性缺血性卒中患者机械取栓治疗后HT风险的独立预测因素.糖尿病、基线NIHSS评分较高和并发脑实质血肿是转归不良的独立预测因素.因此,在对急性缺血性卒中患者开展机械取栓治疗前应充分评估其HT和转归不良风险.     

血清可溶性CD40配体水平与缺血性卒中发病风险、严重程度和梗死体积的相关性

目的探讨血清可溶性CD40配体(soluble CD40 ligand,sCD40L)水平与缺血性卒中发病风险、严重程度和梗死体积的相关性.方法纳入连续住院的急性缺血性卒中患者作为病例组,健康体检者作为对照组.收集病例组和对照组人口统计学、血管危险因素和临床资料.采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清sCD40L水平.缺血性卒中患者根据基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke scale,NIHSS)评分分为轻度卒中组(＜8分)和中重度卒中组(≥8分),根据梗死体积中位数分为大梗死组和小梗死组.结果 共纳入106例急性缺血性卒中患者,其中男性59例(55.7％),女性47例(44.3％),平均年龄(71.31±11.27)岁;对照组86例,其中男性45例(52.3％),女性41例(47.7％),平均年龄(73.56 ±9.32)岁;大梗死组(≥1.8 cm3)41例(38.7％),小梗死组(＜1.8 cm3)65例(61.3％);轻度卒中69例(65.1％),中重度卒中37例(34.9％).缺血性卒中组基线血清sCD40L水平显著高于对照组[(5.61±1.68) mg/L对(3.56±1.32)mg/L;扣9.236,P＜0.01],缺血性卒中组入院14 d时血清sCD40L水平[(4.19±1.45)mg/L]较基线水平显著降低(P＜0.01),但仍然显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).多变量logistic回归分析显示,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇[优势比(odds ratio,OR)3.358,95％可信区间(confidence interval,CI)2.681 ～4.056;P ＜0.001]和血清sCD40L(OR5.103,95％ CI2.317 ～8.903;P ＜0.001)水平较高是缺血性卒中的独立危险因素;血清sCD40L水平较高(第4四分位数对第1四分位数,OR4.017,95％ CI1.608 ～ 10.037;P=0.003)、大动脉粥样硬化性卒中(OR2.321,95％ CI1.014 ～ 5.314;P=0.046)、皮质-皮质下梗死(OR 2.679,95％ CI1.111 ～6.460;P=0.028)和梗死灶体积较大(OR 3.216,95％ CI1.398～7.395;P=0.006)为中重度卒中的独立危险因素;血清sCD40L水平较高(第4四分位数对第1四分位数,OR 3.142,95％ CI1.274 ～7.745;P =0.013)、大动脉粥样硬化性卒中(OR 2.965,95％CI1.299 ～6.767;P=0.010)、皮质-皮质下梗死(OR4.750,95％ CI 1.909～11.818;P＜0.001)和基线NIHSS评分≥8分(OR 8.509,95％ CI3.432 ～21.094;P ＜0.001)为大梗死的独立危险因素.结论血清sCD40L 水平与缺血性卒中发病、梗死体积和严重程度密切相关.