脑梗死患者血脂测定及临床意义

目的 探讨脑梗死与脂质代谢的关系。方法 对52例初发脑梗死患者，36例复发脑梗死患者及45例健康体检者进行血脂6项指标测定。结果 初发和复发脑梗死者组与对照组比较，TCH、TG、LDL-C及ApoB血清平均水平高于对照组，ApoA和HDL-C血清平均水平低于对照组，各项指标差异均存在显著性。复发脑梗死组与初发脑梗死组比较，除ApoA有显著性减低外，其余各项指标差异无显著性。结论 脂质代谢异常与脑梗死的发生存在着明显的相关性，载脂蛋白ApoA与脑梗死的发生和复发有关。     

颈动脉粥样硬化超声检查在脑梗死诊治中的应用价值

目的探讨脑梗死与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性,了解颈动脉超声在脑梗死预测中的价值。方法对78例脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)和78例体检健康者(对照组)进行检测,并对两组动脉粥样硬化程度及斑块性质进行对比。结果脑梗死组颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)及斑块检出率明显高于对照组,脑梗死组斑块共检出139处,检出率(79.49%)高于对照组(46.15%)(P<0.05),其中低回声斑块及混合回声斑块检出率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论颈动脉粥样硬化程度及斑块性质与脑梗死的发生密切相关,超声检查能早期发现颈动脉粥样硬化,对有效防止脑梗死的发生有重要意义。     

血清MMP-9及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性与脑梗死的相关性研究

目的探讨脑梗死与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性及血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)之间的关系。方法 132例急性脑梗死患者按病史分为初发组(n=95例)与复发组(n=37例),采用彩色多普勒超声检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)及动脉粥样硬化斑块,并按斑块性质分为稳定性斑块和不稳定斑块,同时检测血清MMP-9水平,分析组间指标差异。结果与初发组患者比较,复发组患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块数、不稳定斑块数及MMP-9水平均明显升高(P均<0.05),而IMT两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与稳定性斑块组比较,不稳定斑块组患者MMP-9水平明显升高(P<0.01),而IMT两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定性与再发脑梗死风险密切相关,而MMP-9水平可作为反映的斑块稳定性及再发脑梗死的血清学指标。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死的相关性研究

目的利用彩色多普勒超声诊断颈动脉异常,分析颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)、粥样硬化斑块及溃疡斑块与脑梗死的相关性。方法选择临床及影像学资料完整的脑梗死患者89例为脑梗死组,并选择同期健康体检者50例为对照组,采用彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉IMT进行测量并对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的性质进行观测,将结果进行统计学分析。结果脑梗死组较对照组IMT厚,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);脑梗死组较对照组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块和溃疡斑块检出率高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),且随着年龄增长颈动脉斑块检出例数及溃疡斑块检出例数明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论颈动脉IMT增厚及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块中溃疡斑块的形成与脑梗死的发生密切相关。     

颈动脉粥样硬化与不同亚型脑梗死的相关性研究

目的　探讨颈动脉粥样硬化与动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死和腔隙性脑梗死的关系。方法　对38例动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死患者、65例腔隙性脑梗死患者和35例正常对照者进行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检测及相关生化指标测定。结果　3组中动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度最严重,其次为腔隙性脑梗死患者,对照组最轻,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。应用Logistic回归筛选两型脑梗死的危险因素,与对照组相比,糖尿病(P<0.001)和颈动脉粥样硬化(P<0.001)是动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死的危险因素,高血压(P<0.05)、糖尿病(P<0.05)和颈动脉粥样硬化(P<0.01)是腔隙性脑梗死的危险因素;相对于腔隙性脑梗死,颈动脉粥样硬化更增加了动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死的危险性(P<0.05)。结论　动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死和腔隙性脑梗死与颈动脉粥样硬化密切相关,利用超声技术检测颅外颈动脉粥样硬化情况对于预测及干预动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死和腔隙性脑梗死的发生有重要的临床意义。     

脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块分析及其对患者复发的影响

目的：：研究脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块( CAP )及其对患者复发的影响。方法：选择从2014月1月至2015年12月在医院就诊的急性脑梗死( ACI)患者262例纳入本次研究,其中检出斑块组180例,未检出斑块组82例;初发患者213例,复发患者49例。随访3个月,对比各组患者的复发情况,分析患者斑块与脑梗死复发的关系,对比斑块组与无斑块组临床相关指标,分析影响斑块形成的危险因素。结果：斑块组的复发率高于无斑块组,复发时间短于无斑块组,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。非易损斑块组的复发率低于易损斑块组,复发时间长于易损斑块组,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。初发患者及复发患者的斑块均以 BIF 更为多见,且左侧较右侧更多,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。斑块组的年龄、高血压、糖尿病以及高血脂的比例高于无斑块组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。依据Logistic回归分析法评价发现,影响斑块形成的危险因素有年龄和高血压,以及糖尿病和高血脂。结论：CAP 可导致ACI患者更易复发,特别是易损斑块者,更应引起临床关注。     

颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与脑梗死复发相关性的MR研究

目的 探讨颈动脉粥样硬化(Carotid Atherosclerosis,CAS)斑块与脑梗死复发的关系,以及MR在CAS斑块性质评估中的价值.方法 2009年6月至2010年8月住院并经CT或MRI证实为初发脑梗死患者80例,经复查后将全部患者分为脑梗死复发组和脑梗死未复发组各40例.所选初发脑梗死患者均行3D-TOF、(DIR-FSE)T1WI、双回波T2WI和PDWI扫描.运用多序列对比MRI分析CAS斑块成分并进行AHA分型及稳定性评估,并测量颈动脉管腔内径的狭窄程度.计数资料比较采用χ 2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果脑梗死复发组以IV、V、VI型斑块为主,其中VI型斑块所占的比例,脑梗死复发组明显高于未复发组.复发脑梗死组中不稳定斑块及中、重度狭窄的比例明显高于未复发组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).但复发组颈动脉重度狭窄的比例明显低于中度狭窄的比例.结论 与颈动脉管腔狭窄程度相比,CAS斑块的稳定性与脑梗死复发更加相关,可作为脑梗死复发的预测指标;多序列对比 MRI具备对CAS斑块进行MR分型及稳定性评估的能力.     

颈动脉粥样硬化与血脂LDL／HDL-C及ApoB／ApoA1的关系

目的：研究颈动脉粥样硬化与血脂LDL／HDL—C及ApoB／ApoA1的关系。方法：对76例患者进行颈动脉超声检查,采用日立7600全自动生化测定仪测量LDL、HDL-C、ApoB、ApoA1、LDL／HDL—C及ApoB／ApoA1值的变化。结果：观察组和对照组患者的LDL和HDL—C之闯差异不明显（P〉0．05）,LDL／HDL—C和AapoB／ApoA1的比值差异非常显著（P〈O．05）,血糖与纤维蛋白原的值也非常显著（P〈0．05）,且颈动脉粥样硬化程度与LDL／HDL—C、ApoB／ApoA1的比值存在显著相关性（P〈0．05）。结论：颈动脉粥样斑块的形成与血总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白、栽脂蛋白B的指标增高有关。     

脑梗死与血脂及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的相关性分析

目的探讨脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成与血脂代谢异常的相关性。方法选择云南省老年病医院脑梗死160例(颈动脉粥样硬化斑块组123例,动脉粥样硬化无斑块组37例)与150名健康对照组,检测血脂和颈动脉粥样硬化斑块情况。结果对照组颈动脉斑块检出率为18.00%,脑梗死组颈动脉斑块检出率76.88%,脑梗死组显著高于对照组;脑梗死组患者血清与对照组相比,甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]浓度显著高。而血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)浓度明显降低。斑块组与无斑块组相比,血清TG、LDL-C、Lp(a)浓度显著增高。结论颈动脉硬化斑块与脑梗死发生有密切关系,血清TG、TC、LDL-C、Lp(a)水平增高是脑梗死及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的危险因素。     

复发性与初发性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的比较

提要:目的研究复发性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的特征及其在脑梗死复发中的预报价值。方法彩色多普勒超声仪对该院5年来收治的复发性脑梗死患者55例(复发组)、初发性脑梗死患者53例(初发组)和健康志愿者56名(对照组)进行颈动脉探查,观察颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的数目及部位,并测量血管壁的厚度和斑块的大小及厚度,计算斑块积分。结果复发性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生率高于初发组和对照组,软斑及溃疡斑数目明显增高。结论颈动脉不稳定性粥样斑块的存在是复发性脑梗死的危险因素。颈动脉超声检查对复发性脑梗死有极好的预报价值。     

Hydralazine once daily in hypertension

The effects of hydralazine formulation and dose interval were assessed in 20 patients with hypertension well controlled on conventional hydralazine tablets, 100 mg twice daily, in addition to atenolol and a diuretic. The double-blind study used four regimens crossed over in random order at five-week intervals; placebo; conventional hydralazine 100 mg twice daily; conventional hydralazine 200 mg once daily; and slow-release hydralazine 200 mg once daily. Blood pressure and pulse rate were assessed soon after (2.5 +/- 0.9 h) and immediately before taking hydralazine (previous dose: once daily, 26.5 +/- 0.9 h; twice daily, 13.6 +/- 2.0 h). Seventeen patients completed the study. All hydralazine regimens were associated with significant falls in blood pressure. Once-daily treatment with conventional hydralazine was unsatisfactory, as its hypotensive effect waned at 24 h; there was a significant difference between the peak and trough effects on blood pressure and pulse in rapid acetylators. Compared with placebo twice-daily conventional hydralazine and once-daily slow-release hydralazine gave satisfactory control for 24 hours in both rapid and slow acetylators, though the hypotensive effect was larger in the slow acetylators. It is concluded that there is no need to administer hydralazine more than twice daily.     

They were all children once....

CMAJ asked Dr. Richard Hodder, the respirologist who treated Bill Trent (see following article), to offer his perspective on the war against smoking. In this article he recalls some of the patients he lost because of smoking and the steps that should be taken to combat tobacco use.     

Doctors and nurses once more--an alternative to May.

It is argued that promissory obligation arising from the contract of employment offers a simpler and less contentious explanation and justification of the doctor-nurse relationship at work, than does May's proposal of second-order reasons. The second-order reason position is rejected as the norm for that relationship, and in the exceptional case, where it is admitted, shared employee status is identified as primary validator of a doctor as locus of rational authority. Finally, a brief case is made for a more precise vocabulary to describe the doctor-nurse relationship, as a contribution to more collegial relations.     

周剂量与3周剂量泰素帝联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床比较

1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料 2002年至2006年收治的65例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者均经细胞学或病理学确诊,预计生存期大于3个月,无化疗禁忌证,KPS(karnofsky performance score)评分>70分,血常规、肝肾功能、心电图、心肌酶谱均正常,有可测量的客观指标,复治者超过4周未化疗.周剂量组32例,其中男25例,女7例;年龄35～71岁,中位年龄57岁;鳞癌14例,腺癌18例;     

A comparison of once and twice daily atenolol in hypertension.

The hypertensive action of atenolol has been studied in a randomized double-blind crossover comparison. Twelve patients showed a highly significant reduction in average supine systolic and diastolic blood pressures from pre-treatment values of 196.3/115.9 to 159.1/89.2 mmHg (26.1/15.4 kPa to 22.2/11.9 kPa) after 2 weeks on once daily atenolol. No dose-related reduction in blood pressure was seen and the single 100 mg daily dose was as effective as 100 mg twice daily or 50 mg twice daily. Blood pressures recorded after 2 weeks'' atenolol were lower than those obtained at 7 days irrespective of dose.