蚌埠市龙子湖区女性乳腺钼靶检查结果分析

目的: 了解蚌埠市龙子湖区女性乳腺患病情况, 分析致病高危因素, 以期探讨科学合理的乳腺疾病预防措施。方法: 对蚌埠市龙子湖区妇女宣传乳腺健康预防知识, 将自愿参加研究的1 288名妇女进行流行病学调查, 并结合乳腺钼靶检查及病理结果进行统计归纳分析。结果: 发现患乳腺疾病834人, 患病率64.75%, 其中乳腺增生症676例, 乳腺良性肿瘤144例, 乳腺癌3例, 其他乳腺疾病11例。31～40岁和41～50岁调查对象的乳腺疾病患病率均高于21～30岁、51～60岁以及大于61岁者(P<0.05)。结论: 蚌埠市龙子湖区女性乳腺疾病患病率较高, 应定期防癌检查, 采取有效措施加强乳腺疾病的二级预防。     

Decrease in breast cancer incidence following a rapid fall in use of hormone replacement therapy in Australia

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the recent rapid fall in use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in Australia has been followed by a reduction in breast cancer incidence among women aged 50 years or older, but not among younger women. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analysis of trends in annual prescribing of HRT, using Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data, and in annual age-standardised breast cancer incidence rates in Australian women for the period 1996-2003. RESULTS: In Australia, prescribing of HRT increased from 1996 to 2001, but dropped by 40% from 2001 to 2003. Age-standardised breast cancer incidence rates in women aged > or = 50 years also increased to 2001 but declined thereafter. The incidence rates in this age group were lower by 6.7% (95% CI, 3.9%-9.3%; P < 0.001) in 2003 compared with 2001, equivalent to 600 (95% CI, 350-830) fewer breast cancers (out of about 9000 incident breast cancers annually for women this age). There was no significant change in breast cancer incidence for women aged < 50 years. CONCLUSIONS: While other factors may have contributed to a recent reduction in breast cancer incidence among Australian women aged > or = 50 years, the available evidence suggests that much of the decrease is due to the recent fall in use of HRT. This is consistent with other evidence that the HRT-associated increase in risk of breast cancer is reversible after ceasing use of HRT.     

老年女性乳腺癌215例临床及病理分析

[背景]探讨老年女性乳腺癌的临床病理特点.[病理报告]回顾性分析1997年10月—2003年1月间收治的绝经后老年女性乳腺癌215例的病理资料,患者平均年龄为64岁;平均病程为13个月,最长为4年;行经年限大于40年者为102例(47.4%);病理分期:Ⅱ,Ⅲ期为174例(80.9%);淋巴结转移者为141例(65.6%);病理分类:非特殊性浸润癌占67.4%;1,3年生存率分别为92.5%,79.4%.[讨论]老年女性乳腺癌病程长,病期晚;以浸润性非特殊性癌为主,淋巴结转移率较高,多见合并症和并发症;临床治疗以手术加内分泌治疗为主,预后较好.     

大肠癌平均风险人群进展期肿瘤的年龄分布分析

目的 探讨汉族大肠癌无症状平均风险人群中不同年龄组进展期肿瘤的患病率,从而为确定最佳的大肠癌筛查开始年龄提供科学依据。方法 采用横断面研究设计,利用自制调查表对就诊于全国19家医院并接受结肠镜检查的大肠癌平均风险人群进行调查。调查内容包括人口学特征、生活方式、饮食习惯、肠镜检查结果等。基于之前已建立的平均风险人群大肠进展期肿瘤发生风险评分系统（由年龄、性别、吸烟、糖尿病、绿色蔬菜、腌制食品、油炸熏制食品、白肉等8个变量组成,总分为0-14分）,对研究对象进行发生风险评估,计算各风险等级进展期肿瘤患病率。不同风险等级、不同年龄组、不同性别之间进展期肿瘤患病率比较采用X2检验。结果 共7541例患者完成全结肠镜检查。随着危险评分增加,进展期肿瘤发生率也明显升高。风险评估得分为0-2分的研究人群中,70岁以下的年龄组进展期肿瘤发生率处于1.3-4.0%较低水平;70岁以上的年龄组进展期肿瘤的发生率处于8.9-15.3%较高水平;两组人群进展期肿瘤的发病风险差异有统计学意义（P <0.01）。风险评估得分为3-4分的研究人群中,45岁以下的年龄组进展期肿瘤的发生率处于3.6%较低水平;45岁以上的年龄组进展期肿瘤的发生率处于5.4-14.8%;两组人群进展期肿瘤的发病风险差异有统计学意义（P <0.01）。风险评估得分为＞4分的研究人群中,进展期肿瘤发生率处于9.8-22.7%较高水平,其40-44岁年龄组进展期肿瘤的发生率9.8%高于风险评估得分为0-2分的研究人群中70-74岁年龄组。在研究总体人群中,55岁以下的年龄组进展期肿瘤的发生率处于2.9-4.5%的较低水平;55岁以上的年龄组进展期肿瘤的发生率处于6.8-17.6%的较高水平;两组人群进展期肿瘤的发病风险差异有统计学意（P <0.01）。男、女性进展期肿瘤的高发年龄分别为45岁以后和60岁以后。 结论 不同风险人群、不同性别的最佳大肠癌筛查开始年龄不同。风险评估得分为0-2分的研究群体、风险评估得分为3-4分的研究群体、风险评估得分为＞4分的研究群体的最佳开始筛查年龄分别为70岁、45岁和40岁。女性开始筛查年龄可以比男性推迟15年。     

Five-year survival of women with breast cancer in northern Alberta.

Five-year survival rates for all 519 women with breast carcinoma in northern Alberta in 1971 and 1972 were analysed with the use of data from the computerized northern Alberta breast registry and the Alberta cancer registry. The relative 5-year survival was 73%, which is higher than most rates reported from other centres. Lymph node involvement was significant as a prognostic factor, with the relative 5-year survival falling from 92% in the group without lymph node involvement to 58% in the group with three or more involved nodes. The prognosis was also significantly affected by the stage of the disease according to the 1973 TNM classification: the 5-year survival rates ranged from 88% for patients with stage 1 disease to 17% for those with stage IV disease. Women 40 to 59 years of age had a higher survival rate (79%) than those under 40 years (65%) or over 60 years (66%) of age. Analyses by 5-year age groups showed that women 35 to 39 years old had a particularly poor survival rate (59%). Postmenopausal women less than 55 years old had a higher survival rate than did perimenopausal or premenopausal women in the same age group. Further follow-up is indicated to correlate possible high-risk factors with survival.     

银川地区妇女生殖道感染与生殖系统疾病关系研究

目的了解银川地区妇女生殖道感染现状与生殖系统疾病的关系,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法选择2005年3月-12月在本院进行妇女病普查的妇女,进行妇科检查、分泌物化验、宫颈脱落细胞学检查和B型超声检查。结果(1)妇科疾病患病率为64.69%,城市患病率为67.5%,农村患病率为58.4%,城市高于农村(P<0.01);前5位顺位分别是阴道炎、宫颈炎、子宫肌瘤、卵巢囊肿、盆腔炎(2.48%)。(2)怀孕4次以上的妇女其宫颈炎与子宫肌瘤的患病率明显增高(P<0.01);(3)营业员的宫颈炎患病率最高(P<0.01);(4)发生3次以上人工流产的人群,细菌性阴道病高于其他人群(P<0.01);(5)30-50岁年龄组宫颈炎患病率最高,40-50岁年龄组子宫肌瘤患病率最高(P<0.01);(6)患1种妇科病占59.22%,患2种妇科病占35.98%,患3种以上妇科病占4.81%。结论阴道炎、宫颈炎妇科常见病仍然是当今防治的重点,应加强生殖健康的普及教育,进行常规的妇科病普查普治,是提高妇女生殖健康的一个重要环节。     

中国年轻乳腺癌的临床病理特征及预后分析

目的 分析中国年轻乳腺癌的临床病理特征,并探讨年轻乳腺癌患者的预后.方法 回顾分析北京肿瘤医院乳腺中心1994年12月至2003年12月收治的1538例Ⅰ～Ⅲ期可手术原发性乳腺癌患者的临床资料,其中年龄≤60岁且有完整随访资料者1075例.按年龄将1075例患者分为年轻组(≤40岁,208例)和对照组(41～60岁,867例),分析两组患者的预后及临床病理特征之间的差异.结果 与对照组相比,年轻组更倾向于淋巴结转移(P=0.016)、雌激素受体表达阴性(P=0.016)以及人表皮生长因子受体2表达阳性(P=0.001).年轻组和对照组5年无病生存率(DFS)分别为73.3%和84.1%(P<0.001),5年总生存率(OS)分别为83.5%和89.1%(P=0.004).进一步分层分析显示,在Ⅰ～Ⅱ期患者中年轻组预后不良,而在Ⅲ期患者中年轻组预后与对照组差异无统计学意义.在Ⅰ～Ⅱ期患者中,年龄≤40岁是影响DFS(HR=1.78,95%CI:1.19～2.66;P=0.005)和OS(HR=1.71,95%CI:1.01～2.90;P=0.046)的独立不良预后因素.结论 中国年轻乳腺癌患者预后不良,这种不良预后在临床Ⅰ～Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者中更为明显.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics and evaluate the prognosis in young Chinese women with breast cancer. Methods A total of 1538 female patients with operable primary breast cancer (stage Ⅰ - Ⅲ) treated at our hospital from December 1994 to December 2003 were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 1075 patients (≤60 yrs) with the complete follow-up data were divided into two groups according to age: young breast cancer group ( ≤40 yrs, n = 208) and control group (41-60 yrs, n = 867) to analyze the differences in their clinicopathologic characteristics and evaluate the prognosis of both groups. Results The patients with young breast cancer were more likely to have positive lymph nodes (P=0.016) , a negative expression of ER (estrogen receptor) (P = 0.016) and a positive expression of HER2 (P = 0. 001). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates of young breast cancer group and control group were 73. 3% and 84. 1% (P <0. 001) and the 5-year overall survival (OS) rates 83. 5% and 89. 1% (P = 0.004) respectively. Moreover, the patients with young breast cancer had a worse DFS than control group in patients with stage Ⅰ - Ⅱ disease but not in those with stage Ⅲ disease. And ≤40 years was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor of DFS (HR = 1. 78, 95% CI: 1. 19 - 2. 66, P = 0. 005) and OS (HR = 1. 71, 95%CI: 1.01 -2.90, P = 0.046) in the patients with stage Ⅰ - Ⅱ disease. Conclusion Chinese women with young breast cancer have a worse prognosis, particularly in those with stage Ⅰ - Ⅱ disease.     

平远县县直机关育龄妇女生殖健康普查状况分析

目的:了解平远县县直机关及事业单位育龄妇女妇科疾病及乳腺疾病的发生状况。方法:采用常规妇科、乳腺红外线和彩色B超检查对3 210例育龄妇女生殖健康状况进行普查,并观察不同年龄段育龄妇女生殖道感染、乳腺疾病、子宫附件疾病的检出情况。结果:3 210例共检出疾病2 519例(78.47%),生殖道感染2 164例(67.41%),其中慢性宫颈炎占44.50%;乳腺疾病1 158例(36.07%),其中乳腺增生占64.85%;子宫附件炎382例(11.90%),其中慢性盆腔炎占42.15%。30岁以下各疾病的检出率最低,31～50岁检出率最高。结论:定期对育龄妇女进行妇科疾病普查普治,加强卫生宣教,做到早预防、早发现、早治疗,切实保障育龄妇女生殖健康水平,降低妇科病患病率,提高生活质量。     

65岁以上老年乳腺癌临床病理特点分析

目的探讨65岁以上老年乳腺癌的临床病理特点。方法对株洲市一医院病理科116例65岁以上的老年乳腺癌患者资料进行回顾性分析。分析老年乳腺癌肿块大小、组织学分级、淋巴结转移情况、雌激素受体（ER）、孕酮受体（PR）表达及人表皮生长因子受体2（C-erbB-2）、p53、谷胱甘肽S转移酶π（GSTπ）表达的特点,并与同期115例非老年患者比较。结果①老年乳腺癌肿块大小与非老年组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。②老年组与非老年组乳腺癌淋巴结转移率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。③老年组与非老年组乳腺癌ER、PR、C-erbB-2的表达差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。老年组ER、PR阳性表达率高,C-erbB-2阴性表达率高。老年组与非老年组乳腺癌p53、GSTπ的表达差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。④非老年组Ⅲ级（组织学分级）患者比例高于老年组,老年组Ⅰ级患者比例高于非老年组。二组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论老年乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结转移率较低,组织学分级较低,ER、PR阳性表达率高,C-erbB-2阴性表达率高。     

急性消化道出血的病因及其相关因素分析

目的 回顾性分析急性消化道出血的病因构成,相关因素及内镜下表现.方法 收集2006年2月至2010年2月因消化道出血急诊就诊患者资料,包括年龄、性别、既往史及用药史、镜下表现,分析急性消化道出血的病因特征.结果 (1)4年间因急性消化道出血急诊就诊的患者共1415例,男女比例为2:1,男性平均发病年龄低于女性[(51±20)岁比(61±17)岁,P=0.000)].4个季度的发病例数依次为399、361、242、413例.(2)1030例患者行内镜检查,其中上消化道出血897例(87 1%),下消化道出血133例(12.9%);两组的平均年龄差异有统计学意义[(51±20)岁比(57±18)岁,P=0 000];男/女差异有统计学意义(656/241比65/68,P=0.000);非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)用药史者比例差异亦有统计学意义[22.1%(198例)比12.0%(16例),P＜0 01].(3)上消化道出血最常见的疾病依次为消化性溃疡546例(60.8%),食管胃静脉曲张出血130例(14.5%),胃癌40例(4.6%);根据行胃镜的时间窗分为＜12 h,12～24 h,24～48 h,48～72 h,≥72 h 5组,各组镜下活动出血阳性的比例分别为24.1%(20/83)、14 9%(24/161)、9.6%(16/166)、7.5%(8/106)、7.6%(29/381),x2=18.400,P=0.000;对消化性溃疡Forrest分级观察,随时间延长Ⅰ a～Ⅱc级的例数呈减少趋势,Ⅲ级呈增加趋势(x2=80.414,P=0.040).(4)下消化道出血中常见疾病为缺血性结肠炎44例(33 1%)、小肠出血26例(19.5%)、结肠息肉18例(13.5%).(5)＞65岁组(277例)胃溃疡及胃癌比例均高于≤65岁组(620例),分别为23.5%(65例)比8.9%(55例)和9.7%(27例)比2.1%(13例),均P＜0.01;而十二指肠溃疡比例低于后者,为22.4%(62例)比49.7%(308例),P＜0.01;下消化道出血中,前者小肠出血的比例高于后者(P＜0.01).结论 急性消化道出血第3季度发病例数最低;男性发病多于女性,男性发病年龄低于女性;上消化道出血多于下消化道出血,上消化道出血发病年龄低于下消化道出血;上消化道出血以消化性溃疡最多见;下消化道出血以缺血性结肠炎最多见;老年组中胃溃疡和胃癌的比例高于中青年组;建议尽早行急诊胃镜.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the etiology, related factors and endoscopic characteristics of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Methods The data including age, gender, medical and medication history, and endoscopic characteristics of patients receiving emergency treatment for acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage between February 2006 and February 2010 were collected to analyze the etiological profiles of this disorder. Results (1) A total of 1415 patients with a 2: 1 male-to-female ratio visited our hospital for acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the past 4 years. There was a higher mean age of disease onset in men than in women [(51±20) years old vs (61±17) years old, P=0.000]. The numbers of patients were 399, 361, 242 and 413 for 4 respective quarters in order of sequence. (2) And 1030 patients received endoscopy. Among them, there were 897 (87.1%) with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and 133(12.9%) with lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Significant differences existed in the mean age of two groups [(51±20) years old vs (57±18) years old, P=0.000]. The male-to-female ratio was 656:241and 65: 68 for these 2 groups respectively (P=0.000). The percentage of patient with a history of NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) treatment was 22.1% (n=198) and 12.0% (n=16) for these 2groups respectively (P＜0.01). (3) The most common causative diseases of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were peptic ulcer (n=546, 60.8%) , esophageal & gastric varices hemorrhage (n=130,14.5%) and gastric cancer (n=40, 4.6%). When the patients were divided into 5 groups of ＜12h, 12-24 h, 24-48 h, 48-72 h and ≥72 h per time window of gastroscopy, their percentages with endoscopically active hemorrhage were 24.1% (20/83), 14.9% (24/161), 9.6% (16/166) , 7.5% (8/106) and 7.6% (29/381) for these groups respectively with statistically significant differences. When peptic ulcer was examined by the Forrest classification, the ratio of grade Ⅰa-Ⅱ c decreased gradually while the ratio of grade Ⅲ increased gradually among 5 groups (x2=80.414, P=0.040). (4) The most common causative diseases of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage were ischemic colitis (n=44, 33.1%), small intestinal hemorrhage (n=26, 19.5%) and colonic polyps (n=18, 13.5%). (5) When the patients were divided into ＞65 years old group (n=277) and ≥ 65 years old group (n=620) , the ratio of gastric ulcer and cancer in upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage was higher in the former than in the latter [23.5% (n=65) vs 8.9% (n=55)&9.7% (n=27)vs 2.1% (n=13), P＜0.01)]. While the ratio of duodenal ulcer was lower in the former than in the latter [22.4% (n=62) vs 49.7% (n=308) , P＜0.01]. The ratio of small intestinal hemorrhage in lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage was higher in the former than in the latter (all P＜0.01). Conclusion At the lowest in the third quarter, the incidence rate of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage is higher in males than that in females at a lower age of onset. More common than lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage has a lower mean age of onset Peptic ulcer is the most common disorder in upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Ischemic colitis is the most common disorder in lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The rate of gastric ulcer and gastric cancer in the old age group is higher than that in the young group. Emergency gastroscopy is recommended.     

惠州地区育龄妇女乳腺癌危险因素分析

目的对惠州地区患乳腺癌患者进行普查,分析其危险因素。方法对146例经临床病理确诊为乳腺癌患者回顾性分析,对其年龄、职业、婚育、哺乳情况等资料进行统计学分析。结果年龄30～50岁、专业人员、无职业人员,未生育哺乳、育龄妇女是乳腺癌的高发人群。结论对乳腺癌高危人群进行乳腺普查,有利于乳腺癌的预防和早发现、早诊断、早治疗。     

Estrogen use and cancer of the uterine corpus in Alberta

The case group in this Alberta, Canada, study consisted of 202 interviewed women (55-74 years old) with histologically confirmed cancer of the uterine corpus; comparison group was 1243 women with other than urogenital or breast cancer. The women had been interviewed to determine estrogen usage. Estrogen use (current or past) was reported by 47.2% of women in the case group but only 26.3% in the controls (P .001). Among the women who had used estrogens at some time, use for at least 5 years was reported by 23.9% of cases but by only 5.5% of comparison controls (P .001). Relative risks of cancer of the uterine corpus by status and duration of estrogen use show that women who had used estrogens at some time had a significantly high relative risk (2.2, P .01), and the risk was higher for current users than for former users (2.7 vs. 2); the risk increased as the duration of hormone use increased, and was especially high among women who reported use for 5 years or more (5.2, P .05). The trend of increasing risk as duration of use increased was significant (P .001). Analysis of attributable risk indicated that about 24% of cases of cancer of the uterine corpus may have been caused by current or past estrogen use. Trends of incidence of uterine cancer in Alberta and Saskatchewan women are shown figuratively; linear regression analysis indicated significant positive trends (P .001) for the age groups 35-54 and 55-74 years in each province. However, the rate of increase of the incidence over time was substantially greater for the age group 55-74 years than for the 35-54 year old group.     

586例胃癌的临床分析

目的：研究讨论年龄、性别因素与胃癌的发病和临床病理学之间的关系。方法：收集1998年1月至2008年1月在本院接受外科手术治疗的586例胃癌患者的手术后病理学资料,比较分析不同胃癌患者的性别、年龄分布情况及临床病理学差异。结果：胃癌的发病率随着年龄的增长而升高,51-60岁为高峰年龄段,40岁以下女性发病多于男性,40岁以上则相反。40岁以下胃癌患者的组织学类型大多为分化较差的低分化腺癌或者印戒细胞癌（63％-89％）,40岁以上的患者中分化腺癌的比例逐渐增高,男性尤其明显;低分化腺癌和印戒细胞癌是各年龄段女性胃癌的主要组织学类型。结论：不同性别、年龄组胃癌患者具有不同的发病状况和组织学类型。     

30岁以下青年女性乳腺癌相关死亡因素分析

目的探讨30岁以下青年女性乳腺癌的临床特点及预后。方法采用对比分析的方法,回顾分析66例综合治疗的30岁以下青年女性单侧乳腺癌的相关死亡因素。结果30岁以下青年女性乳腺癌的2、5和10年病死率分别为28.8%、49.1%和77.8%;增殖细胞核抗原(proliferatingcellnuclearantigen,PCNA)和p53阳性表达患者的病死率高于阴性表达者(P<0.01),并与腋淋巴结转移阳性、雌激素受体(estrogenreceptor,ER)阴性、妊娠或哺乳期及病死率呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论30岁以下青年乳腺癌预后较差,PCNA和p53是预测青年乳腺癌预后的2个重要指标,早期发现是降低30岁以下青年乳腺癌病死率的关键。     

成都地区正常老中青年呼气峰流量探讨

OBJECTIVE: To build the normal ranges and regression equations of peak expiratory flow (PEF) in normal young, middle-aged and old persons. METHODS: PEF, FVC, V75, V50, V25 were measured in 393 normal young, middle-aged and old persons with the youngest aged 20 years and the eldest 84 years. Regression equations of PEF were built for younger group (20 yr-49 yr) and elder group (50 yr-84 yr) respectively. RESULTS: PEF, FVC, V75, V50, V25 were decreased with increase of age. The regression equations showed that both in younger and elder groups, PEF was negatively correlated with age in male (P < 0.0001-0.002, r = 0.32-0.39) and positively correlated with FVC in female (P < 0.0001-0.0005, r = 0.32-0.59). PEF was highly correlated to V75 with r = 0.87-0.94 in male and r = 0.93-0.96 in female. The coefficient of variation (CV) of PEF was in normal range (16%-24%) for all age groups except male and female above 70 years old with CV of 30% and 27% respectively. This confirmed the data was reliable. CONCLUSION: The normal ranges and regression equations of PEF constructed as a result of this study for normal humans of 20-84 years old can be put to use in clinical work and public health.     

Distribution of serum prostate-specific antigen in Chinese healthy men: a population-based study

Background  The morbidity and mortality of prostate cancer have been increasing rapidly in recent China. There were few studies investigating prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values ranges in the healthy Chinese population. We performed this study to determine the distribution of serum PSA in a large healthy Chinese population.

Methods  From January 2001 to May 2008, 11 150 healthy Chinese men aged 30–79 years came to our hospital for routine health check-up. All subjects without a previous diagnosis of prostate cancer, a history of prostate surgery, or urogenital tract infection were proposed to undergo systematic serum PSA measurement and digital rectal examination (DRE). Men with normal DRE and PSA ≤4.0 ng/ml and those PSA >4.0 ng/ml or abnormal DRE but without adverse findings on prostate biopsy were included (n=9358). Age and serum PSA concentration were recorded and correlated through Logistic regression analysis.

Results  The 95th percentile serum PSA concentration was 1.89 ng/ml for men aged 30 to 39 years, 2.19 ng/ml for men aged 40 to 49 years, 2.88 ng/ml for men aged 50 to 59 years, 4.42 ng/ml for men aged 60 to 69 years, and 6.52 ng/ml for men aged 70 to 79 years. The serum PSA concentration correlated with age (P <0.0001) with an annual increase of 0.97% for men in 40 years, 1.58% for men in 50 years, 3.04% for men in 60 years, and 3.99% for men in 70 years.

Conclusions  The serum PSA level correlates directly with age in Chinese men older than 40 years, not in Chinese men younger than 40 years old. Chinese men have lower PSA level compared with white men above 60 years of age, not in those under 60 years of age.

     

Ki67在原发性乳腺癌中的表达及其与新辅助化疗疗效的相关性

目的探讨Ki67在乳腺良恶性肿瘤中表达的差异及其表达与乳腺癌新辅助化疗及临床病理参数的相关性。方法采用免疫组化的方法检测49例原发性乳腺癌在接受新辅助化疗之前肿瘤组织中Ki67的表达,与20例乳腺纤维腺瘤中Ki67的表达进行对比,探讨Ki67表达与新辅助化疗病理疗效的相关性,同时分析新辅助化疗疗效与临床病理参数间的关系。结果乳腺癌组织中Ki67的阳性率为44．90％（22／49）,乳腺纤维腺瘤中Ki67的表达率为10．0％（2／20）,Ki67在乳腺良恶性肿瘤组织中的表达差异有统计学意义（P=0．006）;Ki67表达与病理有效率之间无相关陛。乳腺癌组织中Ki67表达与患者的年龄、绝经与否、肿瘤大小、淋巴结状态无关。小于50岁的患者接受新辅助化疗的化疗疗效优于50岁以上的患者（P=0．037）,肿瘤直径小于2cm的患者更易通过新辅助化疗取得病理学完全缓解（P=0．039）。结论Ki67在乳腺良恶性肿瘤中表达差异有统计学意义,小于50岁或肿瘤直径小于2锄的患者更能从新辅助化疗中受益。     

Family history and the risk of breast cancer

To investigate whether a family history of breast cancer increases a woman's risk of developing breast cancer, we analyzed data from the Centers for Disease Control's Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study. The 4,735 cases were women 20 to 54 years old with a first diagnosis of breast cancer ascertained from eight population-based cancer registries; the 4,688 controls were women selected at random from the general population of these eight areas. Compared with women without a family history of breast cancer, women who had an affected first-degree relative had a relative risk of 2.3; women with an affected second-degree relative had a relative risk of 1.5; and women with both an affected mother and sister had a relative risk of 14. The risk of breast cancer for a woman was higher if her first-degree relative had unilateral rather than bilateral breast cancer or had breast cancer detected at a younger rather than older age. For women aged 20 to 39, 40 to 44, and 45 to 54 years, the estimated annual incidence of breast cancer per 100,000 women attributable to a first-degree family history of breast cancer was 51.9, 115.1, and 138.6, respectively, and that attributable to a second-degree family history of breast cancer was 12.1, 19.2, and 92.4, respectively.     

2016~2020年北京某地区5879名女性乳腺癌筛查结果分析

目的 探讨近年来适龄健康女性乳腺疾病的发病情况、影响因素及适合我国国情的乳腺癌筛查方法。方法 选择2016～2020年北京某地区5879名女性作为筛查对象,外科临床检查配合专业的彩色B超和乳腺钼靶,并对筛查结果进行统计学分析。结果 5879名女性中,47.28%的女性患有各种乳腺疾病,术后病理证实5例乳腺癌,检出率0.085%。月经初潮时间早、绝经时间晚、乳腺癌家族史等高危因素均会增加乳腺疾病的发病率,且乳腺癌的发病趋于年轻化。结论 针对个体的不同,给予不同的筛查手段,可大规模节约人员和经济成本,使我国适龄女性能更好地从乳腺癌筛查中获益。     

2003-2012年长治市某三甲医院乳腺癌患者临床住院资料调查分析

目的：：了解并分析2003—2012年间长治地区乳腺癌患者住院相关信息及变化趋势,为乳腺癌的防治策略提供参考依据。方法：对长治市某三级甲等综合医院2003—2012年收治的1202例乳腺癌患者进行回顾性分析,比较不同年份乳腺癌患者基本信息和疾病信息的分布情况。结果：(1)就诊患者的平均年龄为(50.8±10.7)岁,其中41~50岁年龄段患者人数最多,10年间年龄分布差异没有统计学意义(χ2=45.9,P =0.434)。(2)该地区乳腺癌患者主要的病理类型是侵润性导管癌(63.1%),10年间病理类型的分布有统计学意义(χ2=251.6,P <0.001)。(3)手术一直是该地区治疗乳腺癌最主要的方式(96.3%),且以根治术为主。(4)10年间人均住院费用总体呈上升趋势。结论：2003—2012年长治地区乳腺癌患者住院人数逐年上升,41~50岁为乳腺癌患者就诊的高发年龄段,10年间因该病住院费用呈上升趋势。因此应加强对该人群进行重点筛查,做好乳腺癌的预防工作,以减少疾病的发生。