甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素检查方法学确证

目的建立甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素检查方法。方法按《中国药典》2010年版二部附录ⅪE细菌内毒素检查法中凝胶法干扰实验原则,分别用2个厂家鲎试剂对3批甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液进行凝胶法干扰实验和细菌内毒素检查。结果将甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液稀释8倍,可消除干扰作用。结论采用凝胶法对甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液进行细菌内毒素检查可行。     

甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素检查方法

目的考察甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液的细菌内毒素检查法。方法采用不同厂家、不同批号、不同灵敏度的鲎试剂对甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液进行干扰试验。结果甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液经7倍稀释后,用入为0．25Eu·ml的鲎试剂,对细菌内毒素检查无干扰。结论甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液的热原检查可以被内毒素检查法取代。     

甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素限值的商榷

目的：为建立统一合理的甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素限值提供参考。方法：对5家生产该药品企业的细菌内毒素限值进行分析,并按照《中国药典》的规定,用不同厂家的鲎试剂,按照0.5EU·ml^-1的内毒素限值,对甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液进行干扰试验和细菌内毒素检查。结果：通过调节pH、稀释的方法可排除甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液对细菌内毒素检查的干扰作用,其最小不干扰稀释倍数为4倍,按拟定限值,所有14批样品细菌内毒素检查均符合规定。结论：用0.5EU·ml^-1的限值控制甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液中的细菌内毒素含量是可行的。     

甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素检查

目的考察甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液的细菌内毒素检查法。方法采用不同厂家、不同批号、不同灵敏度的鲎试剂对甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液进行干扰试验。结果该注射液经12倍稀释后,用λ为0.25EU·mL-1的鲎试剂,对细菌内毒素检查无干扰。结论甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液可以采用内毒素检查法。     

动态浊度法定量检测甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液中细菌内毒素

目的：建立甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素定量检测的方法。方法：采用动态比浊定量法，用BET-32细菌内毒素测定仪对三批样品进行干扰回收试验及检测。结果：甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液在稀释至16倍时，已无干扰因素影响，内毒素回收率均在50％～200％范围内。结论：使用细菌内毒素动态浊度法定量检测甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液中的内毒素是可行的。     

甲磺酸帕珠沙星注射剂的细菌内毒素检查

建立甲磺酸帕珠沙星注射剂的细菌内毒素检查法,替代热原检查法.参照<中国药典>2000年版(二部)收载的细菌内毒素检查法及其指导原则进行干扰试验.对样品进行8倍稀释后采用灵敏度为0.06EU·ml-1的鲎试剂,或调节样品pH值至6.7～7.0用灵敏度为0.25EU*ml-1的鲎试剂,可消除样品对鲎试剂与内毒素的凝集反应干扰.甲磺酸帕珠沙星注射剂可以用细菌内毒素检查法取代热原检查法.     

甲磺酸帕苏沙星氯化钠注射液中细菌内毒素定量检查

采用中国药典2000年版附录检测细菌内毒素的动态浊度法。对甲磺酸帕苏沙星氯化钠注射液进行细菌内毒素回收干扰试验,建立定量检测甲磺酸帕苏沙星氯化钠注射液中污染内毒素试验方法。结果定量检测甲磺酸帕苏沙星氯化钠注射液中细菌内毒素无干扰因素影响,内毒素回收率在50％～200％范围内。因此,使用内毒素动态浊度法定量检测甲磺酸帕苏沙星氯化钠注射液中内毒素是可行的,可用细菌内毒素定量检查法代替家兔热原检查法。     

甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素检查法建立

目的建立甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液的细菌内毒素检查(BET)方法。方法通过实验验证甲磺酸帕珠沙星对细菌内毒素检查有抑制作用,提出在样品稀释过程中加入适量的二价金属阳离子(Ca2+、Mg2+)并改变加样方法,以补充因络合作用而减少的部分,从而消除此类样品对内毒素检查的抑制作用。结果补充适量Ca2+、Mg2+可以有效消除样品对BET的抑制。结论甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液可以建立细菌内毒素检查方法。     

甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素检查法建立

目的 建立甲磺酸帕珠沙星氯化钠注射液的细菌内毒素检查(BET)方法.方法 通过实验验证甲磺酸帕珠沙星对细菌内毒素检查有抑制作用,提出在样品稀释过程中加入适量的二价金属阳离子( Ca2+、Mg2+)并改变加样方法,以补充因络合作用而减少的部分,从而消除此类样品对内毒素检查的抑制作用.结果 补充适量Ca2+、Mg2+...     

注射用甲磺酸帕珠沙星与替硝唑葡萄糖注射液的配伍稳定性

目的考察注射用甲磺酸帕珠沙星与替硝唑葡萄糖注射液的配伍稳定性。方法采用紫外分光光度法,测定注射用甲磺酸帕珠沙星与替硝唑葡萄糖注射液配伍后,在常温（22℃）下8h内甲磺酸帕珠沙星与替硝唑含量变化,观察外观并测定pH值。结果两种药物配伍后,8h内的含量、pH值及外观均无明显变化。结论注射用甲磺酸帕珠沙星与替硝唑葡萄糖注射液配伍后在常温下8h内稳定。     

注射用硫普罗宁细菌内毒素检查法的建立

目的:建立注射用硫普罗宁细菌内毒素检查方法.方法:参照<中国药典>2010年版二部细菌内毒素检查法进行试验.结果:将硫普罗宁稀释至1 mg·mL-1时对细菌内毒素和鲎试剂的反应无干扰作用.结论:该品种可采用细菌内毒素检查法控制药品质量.     

Testing equality of proportions for correlated binary data in ophthalmologic studies

In ophthalmologic studies, bilateral correlated data often arise when information involving paired organs (e.g., eyes) are measured from each subject. Adjusted chi-square approach for testing the equality of proportions has been proposed in the literature. In this article, we investigate and derive three alter- native testing procedures for the problem. Our simulation results show the score testing procedure usually produces satisfactory type I error control with higher power, and therefore is recommended. Examples from ophthalmologic studies are used to illustrate our proposed methods.     

Recommendations for Provoked Challenge Urine Testing

“Urine mobilization test,” “challenge test,” and “provoked urine test” are all terms used to describe the administration of a chelating agent to a person prior to collection of their urine to test for metals. There is no standard, validated challenge test. Despite recommendations by professional and government organizations against the use of provoked urine testing, the tests are still commonly used and recommended by some practitioners. Challenge testing utilizes a variety of chelating agents, including dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), dimercaptopropanesulfonate (DMPS), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The agents are given by a variety of routes of administration, doses used are inconsistent, and urine collection procedures vary. Additional problems with challenge tests include comparison of results to inappropriate reference ranges and creatinine correction of urine obtained within hours of chelator administration. Human volunteer studies demonstrate that mercury is detected in the urine of most people even in the absence of known exposure or chelator administration, and that urinary mercury excretion rises after administration of a chelator, regardless of exposure history and in an unpredictable fashion. Studies also demonstrate that challenge testing fails to reveal a “body burden” of mercury due to remote exposure. Chelating agents have been associated with adverse reactions. Current evidence does not support the use of DMPS, DMSA, or other chelation challenge tests for the diagnosis of metal toxicity. Since there are no established reference ranges for provoked urine samples in healthy subjects, no reliable evidence to support a diagnostic value for the tests, and potential harm, these tests should not be utilized.     

注射用兰索拉唑细菌内毒素检查法的可行性研究

目的对注射用兰索拉唑进行干扰试验,建立注射用兰索拉唑细菌内毒素检查的试验方法。方法采用《中国药典》2010年版二部附录细菌内毒素检查法进行试验。结果将注射用兰索拉唑稀释至浓度为50μg/ml时,对细菌内毒素检查法无干扰作用。结论应用鲎试剂进行注射用兰索拉唑细菌内毒素检查是可行的。     

增光袋泡剂微生物限度检查方法的建立

目的建立增光袋泡剂的微生物限度检查方法。方法按中国药典2005年版一部微生物限度检查法进行验证和试验。结果增光袋泡剂微生物限度验证均能达到药典要求。结论经方法学验证试验得出的检查方法,可用于增光袋泡剂的微生物限度检查。     

Exact Methods for Testing the Equality of Proportions for Binary Clustered Data From Otolaryngologic Studies

For binary clustered data with cluster size of two, which often arises from otolaryngologic and ophthalmologic studies, the correlation between the outcomes is usually unknown. For this reason, an asymptotic approach based on normal approximation has been often used for comparing proportions between groups. This approach performs poorly with unacceptable Type I error control in small sample settings. Storer and Kim proposed an approximate unconditional method to control the Type I error associated with the asymptotic approach. However, both the asymptotic approach and the approximate unconditional approach do not guarantee the test size. Exact tests may be considered as alternatives to control the Type I error. Tang et al. studied the unconditional approach based on maximization for this type of data. It was shown to be overly conservative in most cases. We present two exact approaches to reduce the conservativeness of the exact test based on maximization: one is a conditional approach and the other is an unconditional approach based on estimation followed by maximization. We compare the performance of the competing approaches by studying the actual Type I error rate and power. The comparison is conducted by enumerating all possible contingency tables. A real example from a two-arm randomized clinical trial is provided to illustrate the various testing procedures. We recommend the two presented exact procedures for use in practice due to the guarantee of test size and power gain.     

尼莫地平注射液细菌内毒素检查法研究

目的:建立尼莫地平注射液细菌内毒素检查方法.方法:采用<中国药典>2000年版附录细菌内毒素检查法.结果:尼莫地平注射液在稀释至8倍时检查细菌内毒素可完全排除干扰因素的影响.结论:细菌内毒素检查法可代替家兔热原检查法.进行尼莫地平注射液中内毒素的检查.     

氢溴酸山莨菪碱注射液细菌内毒素检查法的建立

目的:建立氢溴酸山莨菪碱注射液的细菌内毒素检查方法。方法:按《中国药典》2010年版(二部)附录相关方法确定本品细菌内毒素限值,分别进行细菌内毒素检查凝胶法和动态浊度法的干扰试验。结果:凝胶法结果表明,样品稀释2倍(5 mg/ml)时对试验无干扰作用;动态浊度法结果表明,本品稀释2倍(5 mg/ml)时外加内毒素的回收率在50%²00%之间。每1 mg氢溴酸山莨菪碱中含内毒素应小于0.35 EU。结论 :本文初步建立的氢溴酸山莨菪碱注射液细菌内毒素检查方法,可为《中国药典》增订该制剂的细菌内毒素检查项提供参考。     

注射用头孢噻肟钠细菌内毒素检查方法的研究

目的：研究注射用头孢噻肟钠的细菌内毒素检查方法。方法：通过干扰试验证明注射用头孢噻肟钠对细菌内毒素检查有抑制作用。结果：使用λ＝０．５或０．２５Ｅｕ／ｍｌ的鲎试剂将样品稀释至浓度为２．５％或１．２５ｍｇ／ｍｌ,可消除其对检查的干扰。结论：注射用头孢噻肟钠可以用细菌内毒素检查法取代热原检查法。     

替尼泊苷注射液细菌内毒素检查方法的建立

目的:建立替尼泊苷注射液细菌内毒素的检查方法。方法:按2010年版《中国药典》附录细菌内毒素凝胶检查法的要求,通过干扰试验确定样品最大不干扰质量浓度,并进行方法学验证。结果:样品稀释至质量浓度0.02 mg/ml(λ=0.25 EU/ml)或0.01mg/ml(λ=0.125 EU/ml)以下时对细菌内毒素检查法无干扰作用。结论:所建立的方法可用于替尼泊苷注射液的细菌内毒素检查。