抑肽酶对体外循环中红细胞的保护效果

目的 观察体外循环参充液中加入抑肽酶对红细胞的保护效果。方法 成年杂种犬12条随机分为对照组和抑肽酶组，每组6例，对照组体外循环预充液中仅加入复方氯化钠及706代血浆各500ml，抑肽酶组体外循环预充液中除复方氯化钠及706代血浆外，另加入抑肽酶2．5万U/kg。模拟临床心内直视手术、心肌缺血再灌注、体外循环过程开胸建立体外循环。抑肽酶组于转机前静脉注射抑肽酶2．5万U/kg，对照组只注射等量的生理盐水。分别于体外循环转机前，转机5、15、45min及开放后15、30min取静脉血测定血浆丙二醛（MDA）和游离血红蛋白(FHB)。结果 抑肽酶组转机5min后的各次标本MDA、FHB均明显低于对照组。结论 抑肽酶能减少体外循环期间氧自由基的产生，对体外循环中红细胞有较好的保护效果。     

抑肽酶对减少换瓣术后出血的作用

将连续５０例心脏瓣膜置换术患者随机分成抑肽酶组和对照组，前者在预充液中加入抑肽酶６￣８万ＫＩＵ／ｋｇ，结果显示抑肽酶组术后心包纵隔引流量少于对照组。心脏转流结束时血小板聚集时间，血浆纤维蛋白降解产物，ａ２－抗纤溶酶指标均优于对照组，文中对抑肽酶在体外循环中保护血小板的机理及其用法进行了讨论。     

乌司他丁和抑肽酶对心血管手术患者血液的保护作用

目的观察乌司他丁和抑肽酶对体外循环(CPB)心脏手术的血液保护功能。方法选择90例风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术的患者,随机分成3组。乌司他丁组(30例):给予乌司他丁12000U/kg,于麻醉诱导后至CPB开始前缓慢静注半量,另半量加入预充液中随转机进入体内;抑肽酶组(30例):于CPB中一次性给予抑肽酶5000000U;对照组(30例):给予等量生理盐水。结果与对照组相比,乌司他丁组术后24h胸腔积液量减少33.3%(P<0.05),抑肽酶组术后24h胸腔积液量减少39.8%(P<0.05),乌司他丁组和抑肽酶组相比差异无统计学意义。抑肽酶组有2例发生严重过敏。结论乌司他丁和抑肽酶均具有维持纤溶活性稳定,保护血小板功能,从而减少术中及术后出血量。     

大剂量抑肽酶对换瓣病人心肌的保护作用

目的:观察体外循环瓣膜置换手术中使用大剂量抑肽酶对心肌的保护作用。方法:80例心脏瓣膜置换手术的病人,随机分成两组:A组(抑肽酶组n=40),B组(对照组n=40),A组在体外循环预充液中1次加入5×10KIU抑肽酶;B组在体外循环预充液中加入相等容量的乳酸林格氏液代替。记录两组转机时间、主动脉阻断时间、开放至复跳时间、自动复跳或电击复跳、复跳后低血压情况。结果:两组转机时间、主动脉阻断时间、开放至复跳时间均无明显差异(P>0.05)。A组自动复跳率(85％)明显高于B组(72％),(P<0.05);A组复跳后低血压发生率(12.5％)明显低于B组(27.5％),(P<0.05)。结论:体外循环瓣膜置换手术使用大剂量抑肽酶提高心脏自动复跳率,提示体外循环中使用大剂量抑肽酶减轻CPB后的再灌注损伤,加强心肌保护作用。     

乌司他丁和抑肽酶对血液保护作用研究

目的　观察乌司他丁和抑肽酶对体外循环 (CPB)心脏手术的血液保护作用。方法　选择 6 0例风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术的病人 ,随机分成 3组。乌司他丁组 (2 0例 ) :给予乌司他丁 12 0 0 0U/kg,于麻醉诱导后至CPB开始前缓慢静注半量 ,另半量加入预充液中随转机进入体内 ;抑肽酶组 (2 0例 ) :于CPB中一次性给抑肽酶 5 0 0万单位 ;对照组 (2 0例 ) :给予等量生理盐水。结果　与对照组相比 ,乌司他丁组术后 2 4h胸液量减少 33.3% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,抑肽酶组术后 2 4h胸液量减少 39.8% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,乌司他丁组与抑肽酶组相比无统计学差别。抑肽酶组有一例发生严重过敏。结论　乌司他丁和抑肽酶均有维持纤溶活性稳定、保护血小板功能 ,从而减少术中及术后出血。     

大剂量抑肽酶对防止体外循环术后出血的观察

目的：观察大剂量抑肽酶对防止体外循环术后出血的作用。方法：应用大剂量抑肽酶（５万ｕ／ｋｇ）一次性加入体外循环预充液中，比较应用抑肽酶组与未用抑肽酶组的术后出血量，血小板计数，纤维蛋白含量。结果：大剂量抑肽酶通过保护血小板的数量和功能，抑制纤溶系统的激活，起到防止体外循环术后渗血的作用。结论：应用大剂量抑肽酶有防止体外循环术后出血的作用。     

抑肽酶对体外循环心脏直视手术患者血液纤溶活性的影响

将４８例先天性心脏病和风湿性心脏病患者分层后随机均分为四组。对照组不给抑肽酶，小、中、大剂量组分别给予抑肽酶１．５、３．０、６．０万ＫＩＵ·ｋｇ－１一次性加入预充液。用药组血浆中Ｄ－二聚体含量在体外循环（ＣＰＢ）末及术后１ｈ均较对照组明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１），表明抑肽酶对ＣＰＢ过程中继发性纤溶亢进有一定的抑制作用。这可能为抑肽酶减少ＣＰＢ术后失血的机制之一。     

体外循环期间抑肽酶不同给药方式对血小板保护的临床研究

目的：探讨抑肽酶不同给药方式对体外循环（CPB）期间血小板功能的保护效果。方法：选择心脏瓣膜置换术患者20例，在CPB围手术期给予抑肽酶5-8万U/kg，按给药方式不同随机分为2组，对照组在预充液中一次性给药，试验组于麻醉诱导后、机器预充液中、停机后分别给药1/3量。分别于肝素化后10min、CPB30min、主动脉开放时、CPB结束时、CPB结束后2h几个时点，定量检测α-颗粒蛋白（GMP-140）、血栓烷B2(TXB2)、11-去氢-血栓烷B2(DH-TXB2)、血小板计数及术后第一天的胸腔积液量、手术过程的输血量等指标，运用SPSS软件包进行统计学分析。结果：肝素化后10min、CPB结束时、CPB结束后2h，对照组血小板计数较试验组明显减少；GMP-140、TXB2、DH-TXB2在主动脉开放前两组无差异，开放后至术后2h对照组明显高于试验组，术后第一天的出血量及手术的总输血量也明显少于对照组。结论：CPB围术期持续给予抑肽酶对血小板功能的保护优于自机器预充液中一次性给药。     

抑肽酶对体外循环心脏手术血液系统及呼吸功能的保护作用

目的：探讨抑肽酶对体外循环（CPB）心脏手术血液系统及呼吸功能的保护作用。方法：330例CPB心脏手术患者分为抑肽酶组和对照组。抑肽酶组（A组，n=170)CPB预充液中一次性加入抑肽酶(5万U/kg);对照组（B组，n=160)加入等量生理盐水。观察比较失血量、止血时间、输血量、呼吸支持时间及肺部感染等临床指标；监测手术前后血红蛋白（Hb)、血细胞比容（HCT）、血小板（PLT）及白细胞（WBC）计数等实验室指标。结果：A组较B组术中失血量、术中输血量、术中止血时间、术后6h心包纵隔引流量、术后24h心包纵隔引流量、术后输血量、术后呼吸支持时间及术后肺部感染发生率均明显减少（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）；两组术后Hb、HCT、PLT均有明显下降（P＜0．01），但A组明显高于B组（P＜0．05）；两组术后WBC均明显上升（P＜0．01），但A组明显低于B组（P＜0．05）。结论：抑肽酶对CPB心脏手术血液系统及呼吸功能具有保护作用。     

抑肽酶对体外循环心脏直视手术患者血液纤溶活性的影响

将４８例先天性心脏病和风湿性心脏病中层得分层后随机均分为四组。对照组不给抑肽酶、小、中、大剂量组分别给予抑肽酶１．５、３．０、６．０万ＫＩＵ．ｋｇ＾－１一次性加入预充液。用药组血浆中Ｄ－二聚体合量在体外循环（ＣＰＢ）末及术后１ｈ均较对照组明显减少（Ｐ〈０．０１），表明抑肽酶对ＣＰＢ过程中继发性纤溶亢进有一定的抑制作用。这可能为抑肽酶减少ＣＰＢ术后失血的机制之一。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.