非根治剂量的体外照射配合腔内放疗加根治术治疗宫颈癌

目的 总结分析外照射配合腔内放疗加根治术治疗Ⅰb-Ⅲa期宫期癌的5年生存率和晚期并发症。方法 106例宫颈癌均行广泛性子宫切除和盆腔淋巴结清除术,其中78例行术前放疗（体外加腔内放疗,下同）,16例采用腔内放疗＋手术,12例术后放疗。外照射采用^60Co治疗机,给予合盆或盆腔四野照射,B点剂量术前放疗者为25－30Gy,术后放疗者为40－50Gy;腔内放疗采用^192Ir高剂量率后装机,A点剂量6－18Gy。结果 （1）5年生存率：Ⅰb-Ⅲa期术前放疗组为78.2%（61／78）,腔内＋手术组为68.8%（11／16）,术后放疗组为33.3%（4／12）。术前放疗组与术后放疗组相比,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）。术前放疗组中,Ⅱ期患者的5年生存率(77.6%,45／58）高于术后放疗组（1／4,P＜0.05）。（2）主要并发症：多为放射性直肠炎和膀胱炎。术前放疗组、腔内放疗＋手术组和术后放疗组的并发症发生率分别为34.6%(27/78）、31.3%（5／16）和33.3%(4/12),差异无显著性（P＞0.05）。结论 非根治量的体外照射配合腔内放疗加根治术治疗宫颈癌,可提高Ⅰb-Ⅲa期患者总的5年生存率和Ⅱ期患者的5年生存率,晚期并发症发生率差异无显著性。     

外照射同期配合腔内近距离照射治疗中晚期食管癌疗效观察

目的:观察外照射同期配合腔内放疗治疗中晚期食管癌的疗效及不良反应.方法:160例食管癌患者随机分为外照射加腔内放疗组(治疗组)80例、单纯外照射组(对照组)80例.治疗组:外照射开始同期腔内照射,每周先外照射4次,1.8-2Gy/次,后腔内照射1次,5Gy/次,共4-5次,腔内照射当天不做外照射;对照组:采用常规分割单纯外照射,1.8-2Gy/次,5次/周.结果:两组的1、2和3年生存率分别为88.8%、61.3%、30.0%和57.5%、45.0%、23.8%,1、2年生存率两组有统计学差异(P＜0.05).治疗组和对照组急性放射性食管炎的发生率分别为33.8%(27/80)和18.8%(15/80)(P＜0.05),但Ⅲ级及以上的食管炎发生率相当,晚期并发症无增加.结论:外照射同期加腔内照射治疗食管癌疗效优于单纯外照射.此方法对控制原发灶、减少复发和转移、提高生存率有一定临床意义.     

160例Ⅱb期宫颈癌术前光子线+术中电子线照射的远期疗效分析

目的 分析官颈癌Ⅱb期患者应用术前外照射+192Ir腔内照射+手术及术中电子线照射的远期疗效.方法 对160例应用术前外照射+192Ir腔内照射+手术及术中电子线照射的宫颈癌Ⅱb期患者资料进行回顾分析.全部患者术前先全盆腔接受了20 Gy分10次外照射和192Ir近距离腔内放疗,1周后全盆腔接受了12 MeV电子线18～20 Gy照射.结果 随访率为98.1%.随访满5、10年患者分别为143、135例.5年和10年生存率、无瘤生存率、局部控制率分别为89.4%、86.3%、96.3%和84.4%、81.0%、95.0%.放射性直肠炎、膀胱炎发生率分别为5.0%、0.6%.放疗后肾孟积水、下肢水肿发生率分别为6.3%、1.3%.结论 宫颈癌Ⅱb期患者应用术前外照射+192Ir腔内照射+手术及术中电子线照射可提高患者生存率,且对肿瘤原发部位局部控制效果好,放疗副反应少.     

77例ⅠB2～ⅡA期巨块型宫颈癌术前放疗联合手术疗效分析

目的 分析77例ⅠB2～ⅡA期巨块型宫颈癌患者术前腔内放疗联合手术的疗效.方法 对2001-2007年收治的77例ⅠB2和ⅡA期(局部肿瘤>4 cm)宫颈癌患者先行术前阴道腔内后装放疗[阴道黏膜下0.5 cm(源旁1 cm)剂量20～30 Gy,10～12 Gy/次,1次/周],10～14 d后评价疗效并行广泛性子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术.分析治疗并发症、术后临床病理学特征、生存及复发情况.结果 术前放疗后宫颈肿块均有不同程度的缩小,完全缓解4例,部分缓解28例.全组仪5例放疗后出现1、2级血液及胃肠道副反应.全组5年生存率为83%,盆腔复发率为12%.结论 术前阴道黏膜下0.5 cm腔内后装放疗20～30 Gy联合手术治疗ⅠB2～ⅡA期巨块型宫颈癌生存率较高且未增加术后并发症率,是该期别肿瘤的一种有效治疗模式.     

252锎中子腔内照射治疗宫颈癌62例

目的:观察252锎(252Cf)中子腔内配合体外照射治疗宫颈癌的疗效及并发症.方法:总结62例未接受过治疗的Ⅱa-Ⅲb宫颈癌患者临床资料.首先用252Cf中子腔内照射,宫旁A点剂量8-10Gy/次,1次/周,共治疗4-5次,A点总剂量36-40Gy;中子治疗后第二天用6MV-X射线盆腔外照射,全盆腔野前后对穿照射,2Gy/次,4次/周;外照射剂量20-25Gy后盆腔野中央挡铅4cm,继续四野照射至总剂量45-50Gy.结果:近期疗效:CR 93.5%,PR 4.2%.5年肿瘤局部控制率80.6%.5年生存率67.7%.单因素及多因素分析结果显示,肿瘤分化程度和淋巴结转移与宫颈癌的临床预后有关.放射性膀胱炎发生率4.8%,放射性直肠炎发生率8.2%,迁延型放射性直肠炎发生率6.5%,阴道挛缩、黏连发生率8.1%.结论:252锎中子腔内配合体外照射治疗宫颈癌,患者能够耐受,局部控制率较高,放疗并发症较低,具有一定的临床应用前景.     

体外照射加高剂量率192Ir腔内后装治疗宫颈癌

目的:回顾性分析体外照射加高剂量率192Ir腔内后装治疗宫颈癌的疗效.方法:1998年5月至2000年5月对63例宫颈癌采用高剂量率192Ir腔内后装加体外照射治疗,其中Ⅰ期2例,Ⅱ期25例,Ⅲ期33例,Ⅳ期3例,体外和腔内照射A点总量70Gy～75Gy,B点剂量50Gy～70Gy,治疗时间6～8周.结果:本组总的1、3、4年生存率为81.0%、63.5%、57.1%.Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期4年生存率分别为100%、80.0%、42.2%、0%.结论:宫颈癌的体外照射与腔内后装治疗相结合,是治疗宫颈癌的主要手段,但如何进一步提高长期生存率、降低并发症仍是今后研究的方向.     

宫颈癌根治性放疗预防照射骶前淋巴结的临床研究

目的探讨宫颈癌患者根治性放疗预防照射骶前淋巴结的临床价值。方法 248例宫颈癌患者行根治性放疗。随机分为2组,治疗组为照射骶前淋巴结,对照组为不照射骶前淋巴结。所有患者均采取常规盆腔外照射放疗加腔内后装放疗。先行全盆腔外照射,剂量为20~30 Gy,2~3周后,治疗组改成盆腔凹形野照射和腔内后装治疗,对照组改成盆腔四野照射和腔内后装治疗。盆腔外照射总剂量至46~50 Gy,腔内后装42~48 Gy/7~8次。结果治疗组、对照组5年无瘤生存率分别为63.20%vs 60.98%;5年总生存率分别为70.40%和69.11%,两组比较差异均无统计学意义,放射性肠炎的发生率及程度两组比较差异有统计学意义。结论宫颈癌患者根治性放疗预防照射骶前淋巴结不能提高局控率和生存率。     

中晚期宫颈癌同步放化疗的临床观察

目的探讨中晚期宫颈癌同步放化疗的耐受性和毒副反应.方法2004年2005年我院开展了中晚期宫颈癌同步放化疗治疗患者54例,组织学类型为鳞癌81.48%(44/54),腺癌18.51%(10/54),Ⅱb期34例,Ⅲ期18例,Ⅳ期2例.全部病例采用体外照射和腔内近距离照射的联合放疗方案,同步应用DF化疗方案.体外照射采用6MV-X线,前后野对穿照射,常规分割每周5次,每次2Gy,外照射全盆腔剂量24Gy～30Gy/2W～3W,盆腔野挡铅4×10cm～17cm,加腔内近距离治疗.腔内近距离治疗每次A点剂量5Gy～6Gy,腔内照射当日不作体外照射,共5次～7次,腔内照射A点总量25Gy～42Gy.体外和腔内照射A点总量为70Gy～82Gy,B点总剂量50Gy～70Gy,总疗程6周～8周.与放化疗开始之日常规应用升白胺3片,3次/天,至疗程结束.结果达CR者49/54(90.74%),PR者5/54(9.25%).放疗结束宫颈刮片阴性52/54(96.29%).本组病例治疗后均满2年,2年总生存率77.78%.本组宫颈癌患者同步放化疗副反应主要为肠道反应、泌尿系统反应、血液学毒性.急性放射性直肠反应全组发生率为46.30%(25/54),其中18例(72%)为轻度,7例(24%)为中度,全组病例无直肠阴道瘘发生.血液学毒性主要表现为白细胞下降,RTO G1级9例(16.67%),RTO G2级5例(9.25%),无3级以上毒性反应.结论中晚期宫颈癌同步放化疗具有较好的临床耐受性,两年生存率达77.78%.通过改进外照射方式(如IMRT),降低单次腔内治疗剂量(小于6Gy),将会减轻肠道副反应.     

内外照射加羟基喜树碱局部化疗治疗宫颈癌132例分析

探讨宫颈癌综合治疗的疗效和并发症等。方法全盆腔外照射DT10～20Gy/5～10次/1～2周后,宫颈癌体注射羟基喜树碱10mg,隔日一次,总剂量100mg。其间行腔内铱192高剂量率后装放疗,腔内照射每周一次,每次A点剂量5～8Gy,总剂量30Gy。后装放疗期间体外照射继续进行,外照射总剂量40Gy/4周。结果(CR＋PR)100％,其中CR96.5%;3年生存率Ⅱb期98.6%,Ⅲa期90.2%,Ⅲb期82.4%,Ⅳa期45.0%,Ⅳb期20.0%;无放射性膀胱炎发生,放射性直肠炎占4.0%;宫颈癌局部复发5.6%,盆腔淋巴结转移9.1%,远处转移6.6%。结论内外照射加局部化疗的综合治疗能提高局控率,降低复发率,减少区域淋巴和远处转移率,且并发症发生率低。     

137Cs和192Ir近距离放射治疗宫颈癌远期疗效分析

目的:回顾性分析对比外照射加137Cs与192Ir放射源后装治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期宫颈癌的远期疗效。方法:外照射与137Cs源(A组)后装放射治疗宫颈癌427例;与192Ir源(B组)放射治疗宫颈癌156例;其中Ⅱ期170例,Ⅲ期413例;鳞癌524例,腺癌34例,腺鳞癌25例;两组外照射条件相同,8或10MVX射线照射,全盆照射DT25～35Gy后,分四野照射至DT45～55Gy;腔内放疗每周1次,A组每次A点照射6～7Gy,总量40～60Gy/6～8次;B组每次A点照射5～6Gy,总量30～42Gy/5～7次。结果:Ⅱ、Ⅲ期5年生存率及总生存率为A组82.1%、61.2%、67.2%;B组为85.1%、61.5%、69.2%;两组5年生存率无显著差异(P>0.05);每组Ⅱ期与Ⅲ期之间均有显著差异(P<0.05)。晚期放射并发症有直肠炎和膀胱炎,A组和B组发生率分别为7.3%、6.3%和9.6%、9.0%,无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:外照射加137Cs与加192Ir放射源后装治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期宫颈癌的远期疗效及放疗并发症相似。137192     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

再放疗并同步使用Docetaxel在鼻咽癌放疗后复发病人中的应用

目的:不能手术切除的鼻咽癌放疗后再复发的病人,其治疗困难,化疗疗效差,而单独再放疗只能挽救一小部分病人,本文探讨再放疗并同步使用多西紫彬醇(Docetaxel)在鼻咽癌首次放疗后复发病人中可行性及毒副反应,并评价其疗效。方法:对11例鼻咽癌足量放疗后经组织病理学证实复发、而无法行手术及腔内放疗的患者进行了同步放化疗。放疗采用三维适形放疗,外照射鼻咽部,分次量为1.8Gy,总剂量为36Gy-39.6Gy。化疗采用Docetaxel,15mg/m2,每周一次,静脉滴注。结果:10%、33%的患者分别出现Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度皮肤反应,18%、10%的病人分别出现Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度黏膜反应,18%患者出现Ⅲ度恶心呕吐,27%的患者出现Ⅲ度-Ⅳ度白细胞下降,10%患者出现Ⅲ度血小板下降。1例患者因严重的黏膜反应致使治疗延迟2周。治疗结束后,9例(82%)患者达到CR,2例(18%)达到PR,反应率为100%。结论:对于放疗后局部复发的鼻咽癌患者,采用同步放化疗,3D-CRT同时每周使用Docetaxel是可行的,其毒性反应在可以接受的范围内,短期疗效显著。     

Protothecosis successfully treated with amikacin combined with tetracyclines

Summary We report a case of protothecosis in an 18-year-old female student caused by Prototheca zopfii successfully treated with amikacin combined with tetracyclines. Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Protothecose, verursacht durch Prototheca zopfii, bei einer 18-j?hrigen Studentin berichtet, die erfolgreich mit Amikacin in Kombination mit Tetracyclinen behandelt wurde.