腰椎关节突关节骨性关节炎对腰椎稳定性的影响

目的探讨腰椎退变过程中,腰椎间盘退变、关节突关节骨性关节炎与腰椎稳定性之间的关系.方法对78名腰椎退变患者进行腰椎MRI和动力位X线摄影.腰椎不稳分为椎间角度运动不稳、旋转不稳和椎间位移不稳,其中椎间位移不稳细分为前向不稳、后向不稳和前后向不稳.腰椎间盘退变依据矢状位T2加权像分为5级;关节突关节骨性关节炎依据水平位T1加权像分为4级.对资料进行统计分析.结果腰椎椎间角度运动不稳和前后向椎间位移不稳与关节突关节骨性关节炎存在显著负相关,前向椎间位移不稳与腰椎关节突关节骨性关节炎和椎间盘退变呈显著正相关,腰椎矢状面旋转不稳与腰椎关节突关节骨性关节炎无显著相关.结论腰椎间盘退变和腰椎关节突关节骨性关节炎可影响腰椎运动节段的稳定性.     

退变性腰椎滑脱与关节突关节的方向性

目的：探讨腰椎关节突关节的方向性在退性变腰椎滑脱发生中的病因学意义。方法：34例L4／5退变性腰椎滑脱患者及30名正常对照者的CT扫描片，侧位X线片上关节突关节的方向性及腰椎滑脱程度进行分析。结果：退变性腰椎滑脱患者的关节突关节方向与对照组比较更偏向吴矢状位（P＜0．01），关节突关节不对称程度也更为明显（P＜0．05），小关节椎弓根角更倾向于水平位（P＜0．01），关节突关节角，不对称程度及小关节椎弓根角与腰椎滑脱程度无显著相关性（P＞0．05）。结论：腰椎关节突关节的方向性在退变性腰椎滑脱的发生中可能有一定的病因学意义。     

腰椎关节突关节退变的影像学改变及意义

腰椎关节突关节退变是导致下腰痛(low back pain)的主要原因之一,严重影响广大人民群众的生活质量.本文认真总结近年来国内外学者对于腰椎关节突关节退变的研究进展,概括了关节突退变的X线、CT及MRI表现及其临床意义,尤其是MRI表现国内相关报道较少,旨在为国内学者今后进行相关领域更深入的临床研究提供思路和参考.     

双侧关节突关节切除致椎间盘退变的影像学观察

[目的]探讨新西兰大白兔腰椎关节突关节破坏能否诱发出椎间盘退变的影像学改变。[方法]45只新西兰大白兔，体重2．25～2．95kg，雄性。随机分为骨性手术组和软组织手术组。软组织手术组骨膜下剥离L3至b的椎旁肌肉：骨性手术组完整切除L4、5，双侧下关节突、L5棘突，保留L5、6上关节突。骨性手术组L4、5、L5、6椎间盘为实验组椎间盘，上下相邻的L3、4、L6、7，为自身对照组椎间盘。软组织手术组L4、5、L5、6。椎间盘为实验对照组椎间盘。术后1、2、4及8个月行X线检查。计数不同组别椎间盘退变的异常X线征象发生频数并进行统计分析。[结果]术后1个月，实验组椎间盘开始出现软骨终板钙化。随着时间推移，椎间隙狭窄、椎体边缘骨赘、软骨终板钙化发生频数逐渐增多，与实验对照组、自身对照组比较具有统计学差异。术后8个月，骨性手术组中大部分动物出现以L4、5、或L5、6为中心的角状后凸畸形。[结论]L4、5、L5、6。关节突关节破坏导致椎间失稳，椎间失稳后可以诱发出椎间盘退变的影像学改变。     

腰椎关节突关节骨性关节炎的CT分级及其临床意义

目的:探讨腰椎关节突关节骨性关节炎的CT分级及其临床意义。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月～2010年12月在我院就诊的100例腰痛或腰痛伴下肢麻木疼痛患者的腰椎CT。男43例,女57例;年龄23～81岁,平均52.5岁。采用CT骨窗轴位像关节突关节的关节间隙宽度、骨赘形成及骨质变化情况作为分级依据征象,将每个征象按照其严重程度分为4个等级,相应赋予0～3分,按3个征象总分分为4级:0级,0分;Ⅰ级,1～3分;Ⅱ级,4～6分;Ⅲ级,7～9分。由初、中、高级职称3位医师在PACS系统对100例患者从L1/2至L5/S1节段的双侧关节突关节分别进行2次独立分级,Kappa分析评价3位医师分级结果的一致性。同时对患者腰痛VAS评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)和年龄与分级结果进行Spearman相关分析。结果:3位医师分别2次对100例患者的1000个腰椎关节突关节进行分级,0级200～211个(20.0%～21.1%),Ⅰ级384～403个(38.4%～40.3%),Ⅱ级301～310个(30.1%～31.0%),Ⅲ级85～106个(8.5%～10.6%)。同一医师前后分级一致的关节突关节数为84.1%～88.4%,Kappa值为0.773～0.833;不同级别医师分级一致的关节突关节数为82.9%～87.9%,Kappa值为0.756～0.827。患者VAS评分和ODI与分级结果的相关系数分别为0.186、0.192,无显著相关性(P>0.05);年龄与分级结果的相关系数为0.558,呈显著性正相关(P<0.05)。结论:腰椎关节突关节骨性关节炎CT分级具有良好的一致性,对关节突关节退变程度的评估和研究有指导意义;腰椎关节突关节骨性关节炎CT分级与年龄呈正性相关,而与腰痛程度及腰椎ODI无显著相关性。     

腰椎关节突关节的方向和退变程度对退行性腰椎滑脱的影响

目的:探讨退行性腰椎滑脱(degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis,DLS)患者腰椎关节突关节的方向与退变程度的变化规律及其临床意义.方法:随机选取2002年7月～2007年7月我科收治的DLS患者52例作为观察组,同期年龄、性别相匹配的非DLS志愿肯50例作为对照组.将所有研究对象的CT片、侧位X线片图像输入计算机,测量L4/5关节突关节的关节面与椎体矢状面的夹角、L4椎体前后缘中点连线与椎间关节突关节间隙的央角(关节突关节-椎弓根角),在CT片上观察关节突关节退变的程度,并对所测参数进行相关性分析.结果:DLS患者的关节突关节与椎体欠状面的夹角与对照组比较更偏向呈矢状位(34.93°±9.14°vs 47.22°±5.37°,P＜0.001),关节突关节-椎弓根角更倾向于水平位(113.57°±5.96°vs 102.50°±4.96°,P＜0.001),关节突关节的退变程度与其方向的改变高度相关.结论:DLS与关节突关节方向欠状化及水平化相关,腰椎关节突关节的关节面方向矢状化与关节突关节退变程度高度相关,腰椎关节突关节退变程度及其方向的变化对DLS具有病因学意义.     

腰椎多裂肌磁共振数据与关节突关节退变的相关性

目的 分析腰椎多裂肌磁共振(magnetic resonance,MR)数据与关节突关节退变的相关性.方法 选择本院2018年9月-2020年8月收治的96例腰椎关节突关节退变患者作为研究对象,均进行MR检查,分析患者的腰椎关节突关节退变分级、腰椎多裂肌MR数据[左右侧多裂肌横截面积(cross sectional a...     

颈椎关节突关节骨性关节炎

颈部疼痛是一种常见的临床症状.随着人们对颈椎关节突关节研究的深人,许多证据表明,颈椎关节突关节病变是颈痛的重要原因之一.因退行性变波及颈椎关节突关节的一部分或全部,呈现损伤性关节炎反应,并产生一系列临床症状者,谓之颈椎关节突关节退变性关节炎.本病在临床上比较常见,是引起慢性颈痛、颈源性头痛及继发神经根型颈椎病的重要原因之一.     

腰椎关节突关节骨性关节炎的病因学

腰椎关节突关节骨性关节炎(lumbarfacetjointosteoarthritis,LFOA或lumbarzygapophysealjointos teoarthritis ,LZOA)是常见的腰椎退行性疾病,其基本病理特点为关节突关节软骨损害、关节边缘和软骨下骨反应性增生。Goldthwait[1] 最先认为部分下腰痛可能由关节突关节病变引起。Ghormley[2 ] 则将源于关节突关节的腰腿痛命名为“小关节综合征”。Badglay[3] 在对关节突关节进行病理解剖研究后证实关节突关节存在骨性关节炎。系统的研究始于196 4年,Lewin[4 ] 对腰椎关节突关节骨性关节炎(LZOA)的流行病学、病因学和组织形态学进行了深…     

腰椎后路单节段固定融合术后邻近节段关节突关节退变的随访观察

目的 :分析单节段后路腰椎固定融合(PLIF)术后邻近节段关节突关节(facet joint,FJ)退变的影像学特征,探讨PLIF对融合邻近节段FJ退变的影响。方法:选取2005年1月~2014年1月采用单节段PLIF或单纯髓核摘除术治疗的患者共84例,其中PLIF组(A组)44例,手术邻近节段共140个关节突关节;髓核摘除组(B组)40例,手术邻近节段共122个关节突关节。观察两组患者手术前后病变邻近节段FJ的CT和MRI影像学特征及退变发生率,依据Weishaupt分级系统对FJ进行分级,采用行平均分差检验,对两组患者手术前后病变邻近节段FJ的退变程度进行组内和组间比较。结果:两组患者的性别比、年龄、随访时间及手术节段差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。FJ退变常见的影像学表现为骨赘形成、关节间隙狭窄、软骨下骨的侵蚀、软骨下囊肿、关节突关节对位不良、关节突关节空气征、关节突关节积液、关节突再塑形以及关节突关节融合。A组术前关节间隙狭窄、软骨下骨的侵蚀发生率分别为52.9%、31.4%,术后为75.7%、62.1%;B组术前关节间隙狭窄、软骨下骨的侵蚀发生率分别为51.6%、30.3%,术后为63.9%、50%。两组患者关节间隙狭窄、软骨下骨的侵蚀术前发生率无统计学差异;术后两组发生率均较术前显著性增加(P0.05),且两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。按照Weishaupt分级,A组140个关节突关节中,术前0级3个,1级95个,2级34个,3级8个,退变发生率为97.9%;术后0级1个,1级49个,2级59个,3级31个,退变发生率为99.3%;B组122个关节突关节中,术前0级4个,1级82个,2级30个,3级6个,退变发生率为96.7%;术后0级2个,1级60个,2级39个,3级21个,退变发生率为98.4%,两组手术前后退变发生率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。采用行平均分差检验,两组患者组内手术前后对比,术后退变程度加重,与术前比较均有统计学差异(P0.05);两组间比较,A组术前FJ退变程度与B组术前无统计学差异(P0.05);但A组术后FJ退变程度评分较B组术后评分高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腰椎后路单节段固定融合术可能会加速邻近节段关节突关节的退变,以关节间隙狭窄和软骨下骨的侵蚀最为常见。     

The relationship between facet joint osteoarthritis and disc degeneration of the lumbar spine: an MRI study

The role of MRI in assessing facet joint osteoarthritis is unclear. By developing a grading system for severity of facet joint osteoarthritis on MRI, the relationship between disc degeneration and facet joint osteoarthritis was determined. The accuracy of MRI in assessing facet joint osteoarthritis against CT was 94%. Under 40 years of age, the degree of disc degeneration varied among individuals. Over the age of 60, most of the discs were markedly degenerated. Under 40 years of age osteoarthritic changes in facet joints were minimal. Over the age of 60, variable degrees of facet joint osteoarthritis were observed but some facets did not show osteoarthritis. No facet joint osteoarthritis was found in the absence of disc degeneration and most facet joint osteoarthritis appeared at the intervertebral levels with advanced disc degeneration. Disc degeneration is more closely associated with aging than with facet joint osteoarthritis. The present study supports the hypothesis that “disc degeneration precedes facet joint osteoarthritis”, and also supports the concept that it may take 20 or more years to develop facet joint osteoarthritis following the onset of disc degeneration. Received: 1 March 1999 Revised: 27 May 1999 Accepted: 4 June 1999     

腰椎关节突关节不对称与腰椎间盘突出症术后复发的关联

目的探讨腰椎关节突关节不对称与腰椎间盘突出症术后复发是否有关联。方法收集25例腰椎间盘突出症术后复发患者,选出22例符合纳入标准作为复发组。选取24例行腰椎间盘髓核摘除术术后随访结果优良的患者作为对照组。分别由两名医师单独测量每组患者突出节段的关节突关节角度,双侧关节突关节角度差异〉10°的判断为不对称。行Kappa一致性分析评价两测量者对关节突不对称的判断差异,两组关节突关节不对称的病例数行χ2检验。并对复发组中关节突关节面方向与椎间盘突出方向关系进行分析。结果两测量者对关节突关节对称与否判断结果的一致性极佳;复发组关节突关节不对称病例数明显多于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;关节突关节面方向与椎间盘术后再突出方向无关联（P〉0.05）。结论腰椎关节突关节不对称有可能是腰椎间盘突出术后复发的危险因素。     

关节突关节角变化与退变性腰椎滑脱间关系的研究

目的探讨关节突关节角的改变与退变性腰椎滑脱(degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis,DLS)发生之间的因果关系。方法回顾性选取2011-07-2014-07我科收治的50例L4-5单节段退变性前滑脱患者作为DLS组,另选同期50例无腰腿痛和脊椎滑脱的正常患者作为对照组,且使性别、年龄与DLS组相匹配。两组均行站立位腰椎正侧位X线片及腰椎三维CT检查,在腰椎侧位X线上测量腰椎滑脱指数;在CT矢状位图像上选取平行于L3-4、L4-5、L5-S1椎间隙上缘终板的CT横断位图像作为关节突的头侧部分;过椎弓根下缘且平行于L3-4、L4-5、L5-S1椎间隙下缘终板的CT横断图像作为关节突的尾侧部分,在横断位上进行关节突角度测量,同时在骨窗下对关节突的退变进行评估。结果 DLS组L3-4头侧关节突关节角(61.9±6.3)°大于对照组的(56.3±7.5)°,尾侧关节突关节角(57.1±6.9)°大于对照组的(51.9±6.8)°;DLS组L4-5头侧关节突关节角(55.8±5.6)°大于对照组的(50.2±6.7)°,尾侧关节突关节角(53.2±6.8)°大于对照组的(47.0±5.9)°;DLS组L5-S1头侧关节突关节角(49.1±7.8)°大于对照组的(43.9±6.9)°,尾侧关节突关节角(45.1±6.9)°大于对照组的(41.7±5.1)°,差异均具有显著性(P0.05)。DLS组患者L4-5头尾侧角度差值(2.1±0.8)°小于对照组的(5.0±1.3)°,差异具有显著性(P0.05)。DLS组L4-5左右两侧关节突关节角不对称度(8.0±2.0)°大于对照组的(4.2±1.3)°,差异有显著性(P0.05)。按关节突关节退变等级将DLS患者分成3组,各组间滑脱指数差异具有显著性(P0.05),不同退变等级中头、尾侧关节突关节角度差异具有显著性(r=0.457,P0.05)。结论关节突关节矢状化改变更可能是腰椎退变性滑脱发生预先存在的解剖学因素。     

Prevalence of facet joint degeneration in association with intervertebral joint degeneration in a sample of organ donors

Among the most common causes of low back pain are strain on the muscles and ligaments associated with the spine, degeneration of the intervertebral discs (IVDs), and osteoarthritis of the facet joints. It is not clear, however, how these latter two conditions are related to each other in terms of their development during a patient's lifetime. The facet joint is the sole synovial joint of the spine but because it is difficult to image its degenerative history as well as its relationship to other degenerative factors within the spine remain elusive. We compared the gross and histologic characteristics of the lumbar spine from a sample of organ donors to the integrity of their associated IVDs as assessed through magnetic resonance imaging. In our study sample, we found that facet joint degeneration was common, occurring as early as 15 years of age, while the IVD could still remain intact. Facet degeneration was more severe at the L4/5 level and progressed along with IVD degeneration with age. Because such early degenerative changes in the facet joint are somewhat surprising, degeneration of this joint should not be overlooked when assessing OA of the spine and causes of lower back pain. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1267–1274, 2011     

The relationship between disc degeneration, facet joint osteoarthritis, and stability of the degenerative lumbar spine

Degenerative processes in the disc and facet joints affect the stability of the motion segment. The exact relations among disc degeneration, facet joint osteoarthritis, and the kinematics of the motion segment are not well defined in the literature. Magnetic resonance imaging and functional radiography of the lumbar spine were analyzed to examine the relations among segmental instability, facet joint osteoarthritis, and disc degeneration in patients with degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine. Seventy consecutive patients (mean age, 46 years) had both magnetic resonance imaging and flexion and extension radiographs of the lumbar spine. The lumbar instability was classified into abnormal tilting on flexion, rotatory instability in the sagittal plane, and translatory instability. Translatory instability was subdivided into anterior, posterior, and anteroposterior translatory instability. Disc degeneration as seen on T2-weighted sagittal images was classified into five grades. Facet joint osteoarthritis as seen on axial T1-weighted images was divided into four grades. This study revealed that the kinematics of the lumbar motion segment are affected by disc degeneration and facet joint osteoarthritis. Abnormal tilting movement on flexion and anteroposterior translatory instability both had negative associations with facet joint osteoarthritis. However, anterior translatory instability was positively associated with disc degeneration and facet joint osteoarthritis. Rotatory instability in the sagittal plane and posterior translatory instability were not associated with disc degeneration and facet joint osteoarthritis.     

The effect of disc degeneration on anterior shear translation in the lumbar spine

Many pathologies involving disc degeneration are treated with surgery and spinal implants. It is important to understand how the spine behaves mechanically as a function of disc degeneration. Shear loading is especially relevant in the natural and surgically stabilized lumbar spine. The objective of our study was to determine the effect of disc degeneration on anterior translation of the lumbar spine under shear loading. We tested 30 human cadaveric functional spinal units (L3–4 and L4–5) in anterior shear loading. First, the specimens were imaged in a 1.5 T magnetic resonance scanner. The discs were graded according to the Pfirrmann classification. The specimens were then loaded up to 250 N in anterior shear with an axial compression force of 300 N. Motion of the vertebrae was captured with an optoelectronic camera system. Inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability for disc grading was determined (Cohen's and Fleiss' Kappa), and a non‐parametric test was performed on the translation data to characterize the effect of disc degeneration on this parameter. We found fair to moderate agreement between and within observers for the disc grading. We found no significant effect of disc degeneration on anterior shear translation (Kruskal‐Wallis ANOVA). Our results indicate that disc degeneration, as classified with the Pfirrmann scale, does not predict lumbar spinal motion in shear. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:450–457, 2015.     

Modic改变与下腰椎三关节复合体退变相关性的回顾性分析

目的探讨Modic改变(modic changes,MCs)与下腰椎三关节复合体退变的相关性。方法选择2016年3月~2020年6月在本院住院治疗的231例腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation,LDH)患者进行分析,观察MCs的发生率、椎间盘的Pfirmann分级和小关节退变分级(Weishaupt分级)的关系。结果MCs总发生率为45.31%(296/693),L_3-4、L_4-5、L₅-S₁节段MCs发生率分别为25.11%(58/231)、54.11%(125/231)和48.92%(113/231),组间差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。L_3-4、L_4-5和L₅-S₁节段MCsⅠ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型病变节段的椎间盘退变程度均高于无MCs病变节段(P<0.05)。L_3-4节段MCsⅢ型与无MCs患者的小关节退变差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。L_4-5和L₅-S₁节段MCsⅡ型患者与无MCs患者的小关节退变差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MCs与三关节复合体退变存在相关性,主要表现在MCs不同类型均与腰椎间盘退变分级相关,MCsⅡ型与腰椎小关节退行性病变相关。     

Chronology of disc degeneration and facet joint arthritis in lumbar spine is variable - A CT based cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe notion that disc degeneration (DD) always precedes facet joint arthritis (FJA) has held sway for many decades. However, it is not always the case. We hypothesized that DD is not always the first offender studied the prevalence of isolated DD and isolated FJA in the lumbar spine.MethodsInter-vertebral discs and bilateral facet joints of lumbar spines of 135 participants were graded. The participants were divided into one of the four categories. ‘No degeneration,’ ‘Isolated disc degeneration without facet joint arthritis,’ ‘Combined disc degeneration and facet joint arthritis,’ and ‘Isolated facet joint arthritis without disc degeneration.’ Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to evaluate the predictive factors for spinal degeneration using FJA as a dependent variable while age, sex, BMI, smoking history, and DD as predictor variables.ResultsThe majority of participants had isolated FJA 64 (47.4%). Combined DD and FJA were noted in 32 (23.7%), isolated DD in 8 (5.9%), while 31(23%) had no degeneration. Only age was found to be significantly contributing to the prediction model in multivariate analysis.ConclusionOur study shows that spinal degeneration may begin either in the disc or in the facet joints depending upon the aetiological factors. It is a vicious circle that may be entered at any point, FJA or DD.     

腰椎小关节突不对称与椎间盘突出症

目的 探讨腰椎间盘突出症患者小关节突不对称的意义。方法 对６３例具有腰椎间盘突出症临床及影像学表现的患者进行回顾分析,ＭＲＩ测量判断突出间隙有无小关节不对称,据此进一步分析其与椎间盘突出间隙,突出方向和程度以及椎间盘退变程度是否存在相关关系。结果 ６０．３％患者小关节突不对称,各腰椎间隙发生情况相近。小关节突不对称组７８．９％椎间盘突出为后外侧型,且突出方向大多数偏向小关节角大的一侧;