小儿急性呼吸道感染3309例病毒抗原检测及分析

目的:了解长沙地区一年四季不同年龄组小儿急性呼吸道感染病毒病原学特点及流行病学情况.方法:采用直接免疫荧光法(DIF)对2015年1月1日~2015年12月30日3309例长沙市中心医院儿科住院的急性呼吸道感染患者鼻咽分泌物进行七项呼吸道病毒联合检测.结果:943例患儿检出至少一种病毒,长沙地区呼吸道感染总阳性率28.5%(943/3309),其中呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)721例(21.7%)、副流感3(PIV3)75(2.3%)、腺病毒(ADA)52(1.6%)、流感病毒A(IFA)24(0.7%)、副流感1(PIV1)13(0.4%)、副流感2(PIV2)11(0.3%)、流感病毒B(IFB)7(0.2%);RSV和ADA混合感染25例,检出率0.8%,RSV和PIV3混合感染15例,检出率0.5%;呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)占总阳性病毒株的76.5%(721/943),其它病毒病原呈散在分布;新生儿期(出生-28天)、婴儿期(28d-1岁)、幼儿期(1-3岁)、学龄前期(3-6岁)、学龄期(6岁-)各组病源联检阳性率分别为37.8%、33.8%、32.3%、9.6%、6.3%,各年龄组病毒感染率比较差异均具有显著性;各年龄组病毒感染中,RSV阳性构成比分别为89.4%、80.8%、67.5%、50%、33.3%,年龄组间比较差异有显著性.长沙地区呼吸道病毒感染有明显的季节性,不同月份阳性率不同,四季当中,春、冬季阳性率较高,夏、秋季阳性较低.结论:病毒是小儿急性呼吸道感染的主要病原,长沙地区各年龄组小儿急性呼吸道感染主要为病毒病原RSV,年龄越小发病率越高,混合感染以婴儿、幼儿为主,呼吸道病毒感染显季节流行.     

无锡地区急性呼吸道病毒感染住院儿童的病原学分析

目的探讨无锡地区6岁以下住院儿童急性呼吸道病毒感染的病原学特征.方法采集2014年1月至2015年12月因急性呼吸道感染在南京医科大学附属无锡第二人民医院儿科住院680例患儿的鼻咽分泌物,用直接荧光法检测腺病毒(ADV)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、副流感病毒1、2、3型(PIV1、2、3)、流感病毒A、B型(Inf A、B)等7种病毒抗原的分布情况,分析其在性别、年龄和季节上面的流行病学特征.结果 680例患儿,232例病毒检出结果呈阳性(病毒阳性检出率为34.1%);各种呼吸道病毒检出中,RSV阳性率最高,占16.2%.不同年龄组呼吸道感染病毒检出率不同(P<0.001),其中0~1岁组检出率最高(48.5%).同时,本研究发现不同季节呼吸道病毒检出率不同(P<0.001),冬季检出率最高(42.7%);喘息性疾病患儿阳性率明显高于非喘息性疾病患儿(47.4%vs 19.1%,P<0.001).结论喘息性疾病的婴幼儿病毒感染率较高,呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是本地区小儿呼吸道病感染的主要病毒,其中,0~1岁阶段的患儿和冬季检出率较高,要注意加强重点防护.     

小儿病毒性急性下呼吸道感染临床及病原流行情况分析

目的了解昆明地区小儿急性下呼吸道感染（ALRI）七种呼吸道病毒感染状况。方法对昆明地区2006～2007年收治的3354例ALRI住院患儿抽取鼻咽深部分泌物,对呼吸道病毒病原谱、病原年龄分布特点及临床流行病学特点进行分析。结果检出呼吸道病毒阳性病例911例,阳性率27.2%;混合感染17例,感染率0.51%。婴儿呼吸道病毒感染率及病毒混合感染率居各年龄组首位。新生儿、3岁以下婴幼儿以RSV感染为主,年长儿以IVA、PIVⅢ等多种病原感染为特点。年龄越小临床症状、体征越重。昆明地区小儿呼吸道病毒流行在每年7月至次年2月,流行时间持续近8个月,每年秋季均出现流行高峰,3～6月病毒感染阳性率呈下降趋势,但两年间呼吸道病毒感染率仍存在差异,2007年秋、冬季高于2006年,呈现呼吸道病毒流行趋势。结论RSV是昆明地区3岁以内小儿病毒性ALRI的主要病原,本地区呼吸道病毒流行持续时间长,秋季为流行高峰季,病毒流行具地区特点。     

呼吸道病毒抗原检测在住院患儿呼吸道感染中的临床意义

目的了解本地区呼吸道感染住院患儿的常见病毒感染情况及临床分布特征。方法收集2018年2月至2019年1月德阳市人民医院儿科住院的呼吸道感染患儿鼻咽拭子标本2 051例,采用直接免疫荧光法对呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV),腺病毒(ADV),甲型流感病毒(IFV A),乙型流感病毒(IFV B),副流感病毒1、2、3型(PIV I、PIV II、PIV III)进行抗原检测,并分析患儿呼吸道病毒感染的流行特点、分布特征以及血常规变化等情况。结果共检出呼吸道病毒抗原阳性585例,总阳性率为28.52%,RSV阳性率(18.38%)明显高于其余6种病毒(P0.01);大部分病毒在不同年龄段患儿的感染情况不同,新生儿期、婴儿期、幼儿期均以RSV阳性率(21.57%、26.23%、13.22%)最高(P0.01),而学龄前期则以IFV A、IFV B阳性率(4.24%、4.24%)最高(P0.01),婴儿期的总体病毒阳性率(35.68%)明显高于其余各期(P0.01);RSV、IFV A、IFV B均在春冬季阳性率较高,而PIV III在冬季阳性率最低;病毒抗原阳性主要见于患儿下呼吸道感染,RSV、ADV、IFV A、PIV I、PIV II、PIV III均以引起支气管肺炎为主,而IFV B以引起急性支气管炎为主;除ADV感染外,其余6种病毒感染的患儿淋巴细胞/中性粒细胞(LYM/NEU)均明显升高(P0.05)。结论本地区住院患儿呼吸道病毒感染以RSV为主,婴儿期是病毒感染的高发时期,根据LYM/NEU变化及早进行呼吸道病毒抗原检测可有效辅助临床诊疗。     

江门市儿童急性呼吸道病毒感染与空气PM2.5相关性分析

目的分析江门市儿童急性呼吸道病毒感染与空气PM2.5相关性。方法选取2016年4月1日‐2017年3月31日该院门诊和住院部收治的1 000例急性呼吸道感染患儿为研究对象,采集鼻咽拭子标本检测其呼吸道病毒病原,同时收集江门市空气PM2.5数据;分析呼吸道病毒感染与空气PM2.5的相关性。结果共检出呼吸道病毒371例,检出率为37.10%(371/1 000);主要病毒为呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)和副流感病毒3型(PIV3),检出率分别为22.90%(229/1 000)和5.10%(51/1 000),分别占所有检出病毒的61.73%(229/371)和13.75%(51/371);第一、二、三和四季度病毒检出率构成比分别占35.31%(131/371)、10.78%(40/371)、11.86%(44/371)和42.05%(156/371),第一季度病毒检出构成比显著大于第二和第三季度(P0.001),第四季度病毒检出构成比显著大于第二和第三季度(P0.001);第一、二、三和四季度空气PM2.5浓度日间值分别为(47±22)μg/m~3、(25±11)μg/m~3、(30±14)μg/m~3和(48±23)μg/m~3,第一季度空气PM2.5浓度日间值显著大于第二和第三季度(P0.05),第四季度空气PM2.5浓度日间值显著大于第二和第三季度(P0.05);Spearman分析显示,病毒总检出率与空气PM2.5浓度正相关(r=0.741,P=0.013),RSV病毒检出率与空气PM2.5浓度正相关(r=0.706,P=0.019),PIV3病毒检出率与空气PM2.5浓度正相关(r=0.635,P=0.011)。结论 RSV和PIV3是儿童急性呼吸道病毒感染的主要病原,空气PM2.5浓度与病毒检出率关系密切,可能增加儿童急性呼吸道病毒感染的发生率。     

丽水市严重急性呼吸道感染病毒多重检测的调查分析

目的 了解本市严重急性呼吸道病毒病原谱的构成情况,以期能够为临床用药提供病原学数据。方法采用基于DPO技术的多重RT-PCR方法同时检测呼吸道感染13种病毒:人呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV),人鼻病毒(hRV),呼吸道腺病毒(AdV),人肠道病毒(hEV),人偏肺病毒(hMPV),人冠状病毒(hCoV 229E/OC43),人博卡病毒(hBoV),甲、乙型流行性感冒病毒(Inf A and Inf B),副流感病毒(PIV 1/2/3),凝胶电泳鉴定结果。结果累计761份严重急性呼吸道感染患者标本中,共检出病毒阳性标本214份,阳性率为28.12%。除PIV 2和hCoV 229E未检出外,其他11种病原均有被检出,检出率为32.19%,前三位分别是RSV 55份、hRV 45份、Inf B 36份。共有27份病原混合感染标本,其中23份双重感染,4份三重感染,混合感染前三位分别是hRV 18份、RSV 13份和PIV 37份。结论丽水市严重急性呼吸道病毒感染的主要病原体是RSV,除流感病毒外hRV、hMPV、PIV 3、hEV亦为主要单一致病原,hRV、RSV较高的混合感染率提示hRV或RSV的多重感染可能是呼吸道的基础感染。     

2006年-2007年2832例急性呼吸道感染患儿病毒免疫球蛋白M抗体检测分析

目的了解2006-2007年盘锦地区急性呼吸道感染(ARI)患儿4种呼吸道病毒感染情况,为儿童ARI的诊断和治疗提供参考。方法选择2382例ARI患儿。其中急性上呼吸道感染185例,下呼吸道感染2197例。采用酶联免疫吸附(ELASA)双抗体夹心法检测血清呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、流感病毒(IV)、副流感病毒(PIV)、及腺病毒(ADV)免疫球蛋白M抗体。结果送检标本阳性1061例,阳性率44.5%。以RSV最高(36.2%),RSV是各年龄组下呼吸道感染的主要病毒病原,所占比例随年龄增加而下降;IV和PIV所占病例随年龄增加而增加。结论病毒病原是2006年1月至2007年12月盘锦地区引起儿童ARI的主要病原,以RSV为主,其次是IV和PIV。     

海口地区呼吸道病原体流行情况分析

目的 通过检测呼吸道病原体抗体,了解海口地区不同年龄、不同性别的发病和分布情况.方法 采集2015年1月至2016年5月海南省中医院1103例患者3 mL静脉血,分离血清.使用间接免疫荧光法(IFA)检测样本血清中9种常见的呼吸道感染病原IgM抗体,对结果 进行统计学分析.结果1103例患者中非典型呼吸道病原抗体阳性323例(包括混合感染),阳性率为29.28%(323/1103).阳性率最高的是肺炎支原体25.57%(282/1103),其次是乙型流感病毒3.35%(37/1103);混合型感染占1.27%(14/1103),主要是肺炎支原体合并其他非典型呼吸道病原体感染.非典型呼吸道病原感染阳性率婴儿组为21.83%(55/252)、幼儿组为53.38%(79/148)、儿童组为40.97%(59/144)、少年组为60.00%(9/15)、青年组31.43%(22/70)、中老年组为13.71%(65/474),各年龄组非典型呼吸道病原阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=123.36,P<0.05);病毒感染阳性率婴儿组为2.38%(6/252)、幼儿组为8.11%(12/148)、儿童组为7.64%(11/144)、少年组为6.67%(1/15)、青年组为1.43%(1/70)、中老年组1.69%(8/474),各年龄组非典型呼吸道病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=23.25,P<0.05).男性非典型呼吸道病原阳性率为21.64%(156/721),女性阳性率为35.34%(135/382),非典型呼吸道病原感染性别差异有统计学意义(χ2=24.14,P<0.05).结论 肺炎支原体和乙型流感病毒是导致海口地区呼吸道感染的主要病原体,病原体感染在年龄组和性别间存在差异.少年组和幼儿组非典型呼吸道病原感染率最高,应重点防治.     

儿童哮喘急性发作的呼吸道病毒谱分析

目的了解引起儿童哮喘急性发作的呼吸道病毒谱,探讨呼吸道病毒感染与儿童哮喘急性发作的相关性。方法选取2015年1月至2017年8月于广州医科大学附属第一医院住院的哮喘急性发作儿童114例和其中处于缓解期儿童18例。以荧光定量RT-PCR的方法对其进行包括呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、鼻病毒(RV)、腺病毒(ADV)、甲型流感病毒(IFA)、乙型流感病毒(IFB)、副流感病毒1-4型(HPIV1-4)、肠病毒(EV)、人偏肺病毒(hMPV)、博卡病毒(BOCA)的检测。得出引起儿童哮喘急性发作的呼吸道病毒谱。比较不同年龄、伴或不伴发热、急性发作程度轻、中、重各组之间病毒总阳性率和各病毒检出率的差异,分析呼吸道病毒感染与各分组间的关系。结果 114例急性发作标本中共检出呼吸道病毒80例(70.2%),18例缓解期标本中共检出呼吸道病毒2例(11.1%),两组呼吸道病毒检出情况差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。急性发作标本当中,RV感染45例(39.5%),RSV感染17例(14.9%),HPIV3感染12例(10.5%),其他病毒感染34例(29.8%),混合感染23例(20.2%),以RV+RSV混合感染最常见。0～3岁组RSV检出率为25.0%(9/36),高于≥3岁组的10.3%(8/78),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。发热组EV检出率为18.2%(6/33),高于无发热组的2.5%(2/81),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。病毒总阳性率(89.5%)和RSV检出率(36.8%)在哮喘急性发作中度组中最高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论呼吸道病毒感染是儿童哮喘急性发作的重要诱发因素,RV是首要病原体,RSV会加剧哮喘发作的程度。临床需做好预防工作,防止诱发哮喘急性发作。     

29天至3月龄住院婴儿急性下呼吸道感染病原分析

目的研究29 d至3月龄住院婴儿急性下呼吸道感染(acute lower respiratory tract infection, ALRTI)的病原分布及临床特征,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法选取2016年12月至2019年12月北京新世纪儿童医院住院的29 d至3月龄诊断为ALRTI的患儿506例,总结各种病原的分布情况,分析不同季节病原分布特点,比较单纯呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus, RSV)感染与RSV合并细菌感染的临床特点。结果共357例患儿检出阳性病原,阳性率70.6%。病原检出顺序依次为RSV、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌等。RSV为最常见病毒病原,金黄色葡萄球菌为最常见细菌病原。常见病原检出率冬季最高(P <0.05),且RSV在冬季检出率最高,而肺炎克雷伯菌在秋季检出率最高。单纯RSV感染和RSV合并细菌感染临床特点比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论 29 d至3月龄住院婴儿ALRTI病原种类多,病原阳性率70.6%,常见病原为RSV、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌等。RSV为主要病毒病原,金黄色...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.