肺癌心包内结扎血管的全肺切除术32例

目的：探讨心包内处理血管的全肺切除术在提高肺癌手术疗效中的作用。方法：对32例肺癌病人行心包处理血管的全肺切除术进行回顾性总结，此术式占同期全肺切除术42．1％（32／76例）。结果：手术死亡率为0％，主要并发症18．7％，1、3、5年生存率分别为：87．5％（28／32例）。34．3％（11／32例）和28．1％（9／32例）。5例小细胞肺癌无1例生存逾3年。死亡率和并发症与标准全肺切除术相比差异无显著性（P＞0．05），预后与标准全肺切除术亦相近，结论：心包处理血管的全肺切除是安全的，可提高肺癌切除率，改善生活质量，提高3年生存率，在临床上有实用价值。     

肝癌患者肝切除术后应激性溃疡的影响因素

目的 探讨肝癌患者肝切除术后应激性溃疡的影响因素。方法 回顾性分析1998年1月-2004年8月接受肝癌肝切除术连续283例病人的病历资料。结果 肝癌患者肝切除术后应激性溃疡发病率为4．2％（12／283），应激性溃疡死亡率为41．7％（5／12）；脾功能亢进（P=0．014）、肝功能衰竭（P=0．011）、手术失血量（P=0．018）和术后腹部并发症（P〈0．001）为有意义的相关因素。结论 肝癌患者肝切除术后应激性溃疡发生的危险因素为：脾功能亢进、肝功能衰竭、手术失血≥1000mL和术后腹部并发症。     

27例原发性肝癌综合治疗体会

目的：总结肝癌的综合治疗方法，探讨改进疗效的措施。方法：回顾分析近六年原发性肝细胞癌（HCC）27例的治疗方法和初步疗效，本组金属中中晚期肝癌，治疗措施包括肝叶（段）切除，非规则性切除，腹腔内灌洗化疗（IHCP），无水酒精注射（EI），针刺射频消融（RFT），肝动脉门静脉置泵（DDS），全身化疗等方法。结果：手术切除率85．2％（21／27），手术死亡率3．7％（1／27），术后并发症发生率22．2％（6／27），半年内复发和转移率18．5％（5／27），结论：目前HCC治疗的理想模式仍是以手术切除为主和多种治疗方法联合应用的综合措施。     

食管横断法门奇静脉断流术联合肝脾切除术治疗原发性肝癌并脾功能亢进的临床研究

目的探讨原发性肝癌合并肝硬化门静脉高压并脾功能亢进患者手术方式及病例选择对手术效果及安全性的影响。方法对2005-05～2011—11我院收治的60例肝癌合并肝硬化门静脉高压并脾功能亢进行手术治疗患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。观察组30例应用食管横断法门奇静脉断流术联合肝脾切除术,对照组30例单纯行肝癌切除术。比较两组肝功能分级、肝硬化程度、术前与术后血常规及肝功能变化、术后并发症等指标,判断手术安全性及病例选择对手术效果的影响。结果60例患者随访5个月～5年,平均（12．3±2）个月,观察组治愈20例,总有效率为96．7％,复发率为16．7％;对照组治愈15例,总有效率为80％,复发率为30．0％,两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。对照组术前术后血小板、白细胞变化无明显差异。观察组术后血小板、白细胞较术前明显升高（P〈0．01）。观察组和对照组术后5年无瘤生存分别为10例（33．3％）和5例（16．7％）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论原发性肝癌合并肝硬化门静脉高压并脾功能亢进患者同期行食管横断法门奇静脉断流术联合肝脾切除术是可行的。     

余肺切除术治疗肺癌105例分析

目的：对余肺切除术治疗肺癌的适应症、外科操作、并发症和术后生存率等进行分析。方法：回顾性总结了上海市胸科医院1973年6月－2001年1月，因肺癌进行余肺切除术的105例患者的资料，其中男88例，女17例。年龄24－73岁；原发性肺癌术后复发93例，转移性肺癌术后复发5例，第二原发性肺癌3例，肺结核术后余肺新生肺癌病灶4例；首次手术与余肺切除术间隔5个月至12年零10个月不等；手术技术：心包内处理血管和先离断主支气管后处理血管有助于手术的安全和彻底，尽量行胸膜内分离以减少出血，用心包、胸膜或肋间肌等活组织包盖支气管残端预防支气管并发症。结果：术后30天内死亡6人（5．7％），术后发生低血压或休克29人（27．6％），再剖胸止血5人（4．8％），血胸4人（3．8％），并发支气管胸膜瘘6人（5．7％），单纯脓胸2人（1．9％），结核性脓胸1人（0．95％）；随访时间2个月－18年，术后1、3、5和10年生存率分别为80．6％、30．2％、25．4％和16．7％；肺癌复发与细胞类型无明确关系，术后生存时间与再次手术时疾病的TNM分期有关，术后生存与再次手术时肿瘤能否彻底切除有着明显的关系。结论：对余肺切除术治疗肺癌应取积极慎重的态度。指征恰当，则疗效满意。肺癌术后复发多与首次手术不彻底有关，而与肺部细胞类型和术后辅助治疗关系不大。因此凡心肺功能允许，肺癌手术切忌作姑息性切除。术前估计不能彻底切除并有大块肿瘤残留可能者应避免手术。     

讨论肝癌肝外科观念和技术的更新

目的；进一步更新肝癌肝外科观念和技术，提高肝癌切除率、术后生存率和无瘤生存率及降低手术死亡率和肿瘤复发率。方法：20多年来本组一贯采用常温下1次性肝门阻断法行肝癌肝切除术。已行的538例中术后有2例发生肝衰竭。自1993年10月-2002年12月应用常温下1次性肝门阻断法联合超声刀（CUSA System 200）行肝癌肝切除术237例。自1997年8月起积极开展大型肝切除术不输血的临床研究。结果：1983-1992年肝癌肝切除术的手术死亡率为0％，1993～2002年手术死亡率为1．6%。肝癌（90％以上为大肝癌）肝切除术生存率，1、3和5年为82．0％、51．1％和40．2％。无瘤生存率，1、3、5年为73．1％、46．0％和38．1％。本组大肝癌肝切除术后最长无瘤生存已达21年。常温下1次肝门阻断法联合超声刀肝切除术失血量减少，平均输血量为580ml，未输库血64例，术后主要并发症发和率9．7％，术后30天死亡率1．3％。大型肝切除术不输血组手术死亡率为0％，并发症率9．8％，其中肝癌患者的1、2、3年复率分别为24．1％、27．6％和31．0％，与对照组相应结果有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论：常温下一次性肝门阻断法肝癌切除安全可行。联合超声刀作肝实质解剖，则进一步改进肝切除技术。大型肝切除术不输血是可选择的，初步证明减少了术后肝癌复发率。     

肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌96例临床分析

目的：总结肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌疗效。方法：1996年1月－2001年9月对96例原发性肝癌行肝切除术。回顾性分析肿瘤分布，手术方式及手术疗效。效果：肝癌切除96例，其中左肝癌切除25例，右肝癌切除71例，术后出现并发症30例，围手术期死亡4例。1、3年生存率分别为87．5％和43．8％。结论：肝切除术仍是治疗原发性肝癌的最有效方法。     

巨块型肝癌的外科治疗(附143例报告)

目的：总结巨块型肝癌的外科治疗经验。方法：回顾性分析我院9年中手术治疗的143例巨块型肝癌（＞10cm)病例资料。结果：一期根治性手术切除癌肿101例（70．6％），经腹肝动脉插管化疗42例，术后近期并发症发生率为23．16％，手术死亡率2．1％，手术切除的101例术后1，3，5年生存率分别为85．4％，48．2％和11．7％，插管化疗的42例术后1，35年生存率分别为47．1％，4．2％和0％。结论：巨块型肝癌的手术切除治疗是安全可行的，在手术切除同时配合其他治疗有望延长患者生存期。     

心包内处理肺血管全肺切除术治疗中央型肺癌

目的 探讨心包内处理肺血管的全肺切除术在提高肺癌手术疗效中的作用。方法 回顾性分析1990-2002年55例接受心包内处理肺血管全肺切除术治疗中央型肺癌的临床资料。结果 全组手术死亡2例，死亡率3．6％；术后发生并发症5例，发生率9．1％；术后1、3、5年生存率分别为80．8％、32．7％、24．6％。结论 心包内处理肺血管全肺切除术安全性高，可提高肺癌切除率，延长术后生存期。     

腹腔镜、腹部小切口、传统开腹胆囊切除术应用比较

分析比较传统开腹且囊切除术996例（OC），小切口胆囊切除术903例（MC），腹腔镜胆囊切除术321例（LC）的术后并发症及腹腔引流管的应用情况，结果表明：术后并发症主要有胆管损伤，腹腔内出血，胆瘘，OC为1．4％，LC为2．2％，MC为1．7％，提示术后并发症以LC为最高，但从减轻术后疼痛，肺功能障碍，住院天数，功能恢复等方面比较，以LC为最优，但费用最贵。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.