三期螺旋CT扫描对肝转移瘤的诊断价值

目的：分析肝转移瘤三期螺旋CT扫描的影像表现，并评价其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析63例患者365个肝转移瘤病灶的三期螺旋CT扫描图像。统计各期病灶的检出数，观察病灶增强方式。结果：肝转移瘤在动脉期、门脉期和平衡期的检出数分别为86％、95％和88％。强化方式呈多样性，以边缘环形强化、内部低密度强化为主要特征，门脉期病灶显示更清楚，更易发现病灶。结论：三期螺旋CT扫描可提高肝转移瘤的检出率，有利于肝转移瘤特征的显示，可反映病灶的血供，有利于诊断和鉴别诊断。     

螺旋CT增强双期扫描诊断肝转移瘤的价值

目的：应用多层螺旋CT进行平扫、动脉期、门脉期全肝动态增强扫描,评价其诊断转移瘤的价值。材料和方法：30例肝转移瘤患者均行多层螺旋CT平扫及双期全肝动态增强扫描,统计各期检出率,观察各期病灶的CT表现。结果：30例患者共发现病灶218个,平扫、动脉期及门脉期的病灶检出率分别为148/218(67．9%)、142/218(65．1%)、212/218(97．3%)。结论：双期螺旋CT在一定程度上利于肝转移瘤的检出和显示其特征,反映病灶的血供,有利于诊断和鉴别诊断。     

螺旋CT对结节型肝细胞癌的多期扫描表现分析

目的：描述结节型肝细胞癌的螺旋CT动脉期、门静脉期和延迟期增强特点,比较各期的病灶的检出率,重点评价动脉期、延迟期的价值。方法：36例结节型肝细胞癌患者行螺旋CT双期、三期动态扫描后,观察病灶的强化方式,统计各期病灶的检出率。结果：36例55个病灶,螺旋CT多期扫描共发现52个,平扫、肝动脉期、门脉期、延迟期及三期合计的检出率分别为70．9％,87．2％、72．7％,68．7％、94．5％。动脉期检出敏感性明显高于其它各期,三期结合可明显提高对结节型肝癌的检出率。结论：螺旋CT多期扫描能显示肝细胞癌的增强特点,明显提高结节型肝细胞癌的检出敏感性。     

螺旋CT三期扫描对小肝癌的诊断价值研究

目的：对螺旋CT三期扫描对小肝癌的诊断价值进行研究。方法：本组对象为2010-11～2011-11治疗的30例小肝癌患者,在患者知情同意的情况下进行CT平扫和螺旋CT三期增强扫描,并对检查结果进行统计分析。结果：经螺旋CT三期扫描共检出病灶32个,门脉期病灶共检出病灶25例,以低密度为主。动脉期病灶有27例检出病灶,以高密度为主。平衡期病灶共检出26例,以低密度为主。动脉期的检出率对小肝癌病灶的检出率稍高。结论：螺旋CT三期扫描对小肝癌的检出率高,诊断准确可靠,具有较高的诊断价值,有利于进行及时的治疗。     

结节型肝细胞癌的螺旋CT多期扫描

目的：描述结节型肝细胞癌的螺旋ＣＴ动脉期、门脉期和延迟期增强特点,比较各期的病灶检出率,重点评价动脉期、延迟期的价值。方法：２６例结节型肝细胞癌病人行螺旋ＣＴ双期、三期动态扫描后,观察病灶的强化方式,统计各期病灶检出数。结果：２６例基于手术病理和影像方法共发现４５ 个病灶,螺旋ＣＴ多期扫描共发现４２个,平扫、肝动脉期、门脉期、延迟期及三期合计的检出率分别为６６．７％ 、８６．７％ 、７１．１％ 、６５．２％ 、９３．３％ 。动脉期检出敏感性明显高于其他各期,三期结合可明显提高对结节型肝癌的检出率。结论：螺旋ＣＴ多期动态扫描能显示肝细胞癌的增强特点,明显提高结节型肝细胞癌的检出敏感性。     

螺旋CT在肝脏富血供转移灶诊断中的价值和限度

目的 分析２１例共６３个富血供肝转移灶在螺旋ＣＴ双期扫描中的表现，探讨螺旋ＣＴ在该病诊断中的价值和限度。材料与方法 ２１例均作平扫和增强扫描，注射对比剂后２０～２５ｓ行动脉期扫描，７０ｓ行门脉期扫描，有７例加作延迟期扫描，延迟时间为４ｍｉｎ，统计动脉期和门脉期扫描的病灶检出数目，观察病灶的强化类型，结果 ２１例共发现病灶６３个，动脉期４检出率为９２．０６％（５８／６３），门脉期检出率为８２．５４％     

螺旋CT双期扫描对伴肝硬化的小肝癌的诊断价值

目的 用螺旋双期扫描评价小肝癌，确定是否动脉期扫描比门脉期能改善对小肝癌的检测能力。方法 ８１裂直硬化并甲胎蛋白（ＡＦＰ）阳性患者行双期扫描，共检出≤３ｃｍ肝癌３９个。动脉、门脉期分别为注射造影剂后２５秒、７０秒开始扫描。比较小肝癌在两期内强化类型、计算检出率及诊断正确率。结果 动同率为９０％。门脉期为６７％，７４％小肝癌动脉期为均高密度。门脉期定性正确率为５．９％，对≤１．０ｃｍ病灶为３０．０％     

螺旋CT双期或三期扫描对肝脏占位性病变的诊断

目的：分析肝脏螺旋CT双期或三期扫描表现，探讨其对原发性肝癌、肝转移瘤、肝血管瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断的意义。方法：经临床证实25例，均作螺旋CT平扫、动脉期、门脉期及部分平衡期和延迟期扫描，并分析螺旋CT多期扫描表现。结果：原发性肝癌动脉期明显强化而肝脏无强化，形成鲜明的对比，门脉期呈相对低密度或恢复到平扫时表现。肝血管瘤CT特征为动脉期呈边缘性环状、结节样强化，门脉期病灶边缘强化向中心强化并充满病灶呈高密度，平衡期呈等密度或低密度肝转移瘤表现多样化，周边强化或不均匀强化或不强化。结论：螺旋CT双期或三期扫描已作为对肝脏占位性病变的主要检查方法，并作为常规。     

螺旋CT三期增强扫描对小肝癌的诊断

目的　研究小肝癌 (SHCC)在螺旋CT三期 (动脉期、门脉期和延迟期 )增强扫描的表现 ,比较各期的病灶检出率 ,提高诊断水平。方法　 70例SHCC患者行平扫及增强扫描 ,造影剂注射速率为 3ml/s ,然后开始动脉期、门脉期和延迟期的扫描。统计各期的病灶检出数 ,观察病灶在不同时期的特征。结果　共发现 82个病灶 ,动脉期、门脉期和延迟期的检出率分别为 92 .68% ,70 .73 %和 73 .17%。动脉期的敏感性高于延迟期和门脉期。三期联合检出率明显增加达 95 %。结论　SHCC增强扫描表现形式复杂 ,螺旋CT三期扫描可以充分显示SHCC各期的增强表现 ,正确评价其血流变化 ,提高了病灶的检出率和诊断的准确率     

螺旋CT双期动态扫描对小肝癌及微小肝癌检出敏感性的研究

目的：对９７例ＳＨＣＣ患者进行螺旋ＣＴ双期全肝动态扫描，比较肝动脉期和门脉期扫描的病灶检出率，探讨螺旋ＣＴ双期动态扫描在ＳＨＣＣ及ＭＨＣＣ检出中的价值。材料和方法：９７例患者采用ＧＥ—Ｈｉｓｐｅｅｄ螺旋扫描机行全肝平扫和增强扫描。注射造影剂后３０ｓ开始肝动脉期扫描而６０～７０ｓ开始门脉期扫描。统计各期的病灶检出率并行统计学检验。结果：９７例共发现病灶１５０个，其中ＭＨＣＣ４１个。对直径≤３ｃｍ和直径≤１ｃｍ的病灶，肝动脉期、门脉期和双期合计的检出率分别为：８６％、６７．３３％、９２％及６８．２９％、２９．２７％、７５．６１％，肝动脉期的检出率明显高于门脉期，两者有非常显著的统计学差异。结论：螺旋ＣＴ能充分反映ＳＨＣＣ和ＭＨＣＣ的血供特点，对ＳＨＣＣ尤其是ＭＨＣＣ的检出具有十分重要的临床应用价值。     

螺旋CT对微波凝固治疗肝细胞癌的疗效评价

目的 研究微波凝固治疗肝细胞癌后的螺旋CT表现，评价CT征象与疗效之间的关系。方法 分析经超声引导下行微波凝固治疗的原发性肝细胞癌病人22例、共26个病灶的螺旋CT征象。结果 21个病灶肝动、门脉双期病灶内和边缘部均未见强化。7个病灶肝动脉期病灶周围的肝组织见斑片状轻度至明显的强化。5个病灶肝动脉期病灶内或病灶边缘部见结节样强化。结论 螺旋CT的双期增强扫描可以准确地判断超声引导下微波凝固治疗肝细胞癌的治疗效果，当双期扫描病灶内无强化时，说明病灶无肿瘤残留；当动脉期病灶周围肝组织出现斑片状轻度至明显强化时，属于微波凝固治疗后的正常反应；当动脉期病灶内或病灶边缘部出现结节样强化时，说明病灶内肿瘤有残留复发。     

螺旋CT双期扫描诊断肝细胞癌的价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT双期扫描对肝细胞癌的诊断价值一方法采用西门子Somatom Balanrr高速螺旋CT扫描机，对37例肝细胞癌患者进行螺旋CT双期扫描，高压注射器注射造影剂。全盱平扫后，分别于开始注射造影剂后25s．60s行伞肝螺旋CT动脉、门静脉双期扫描、将螺旋CT扫描结果与普通CT扫描进行对照一其中男26例，女11例。年龄37岁～75岁，平均57．8岁。结果 37例中，动脉期肿瘤明显强化31例、轻度强化6例，动-静脉瘘5例。门静脉期，肿瘤全部呈低密度门静脉瘤栓11例。结论 HCC螺旋CT动脉、门静脉双期增强扫描，病灶强化特征可反映其组织病理学改变的特点，诊断准确性高     

原发性肝癌的电子束CT增强特征

目的 :探讨原发性肝癌的电子束CT增强特征。材料和方法 :3 2例原发性肝癌行 3 5例次平扫和双期或三期增强扫描。肝动脉期扫描时间约为 2 0～ 2 5s ,门静脉期约为 40～ 5 0s ,平衡期扫描延长至 10 0s甚至 5～ 10min。把肝癌的增强分为 7种方式分析肿瘤增强特征。结果 :共检出 86个肿块和结节 ,动脉期能显示肿瘤的血管、动脉门静脉瘘、假包膜血供、门静脉癌栓。≤ 3 0cm结节动脉期 61%呈均匀高密度增强 ,13个表现为均匀或不均匀等密度 ,6个为低密度。门静脉期低密度肝癌结节 2 8个 (65 % ) ,均匀等密度结节 13个 ,少数表现为不均匀等密度和高密度。 >3 0cm肿块动脉期65 %表现为均匀或不均匀高密度 ,7个为不均匀等密度 ,6个为低密度。在门静脉期肿瘤主要表现为不均匀低密度 79%(2 7/3 4) ,5个表现为不均匀等密度 ,2个为均匀等密度 ,无 1例高密度。无论肿瘤大小平衡期呈等、低密度。结论 :EBCT显示肿瘤的血供特征以及门静脉累及 ,是肝癌和临床怀疑肝癌的重要检查技术     

Dual phase helical CT versus portal venous phase CT for the detection of colorectal liver metastases: correlation with intra-operative sonography, surgical and pathological findings

AIM: To assess whether dual phase helical computed tomography (DPCT) of the liver improves the detection of colorectal liver metastases compared with portal venous phase (PVP) imaging alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DPCT was performed in 33 consecutive patients before laparotomy for resection of colorectal liver metastases. CT comprised 8-mm slice collimation with a pitch of 1 to 1.25; imaging was commenced 20-25 and 65-70 s after the start of injection of 150 ml of contrast medium at 5 ml/s to coincide with hepatic arterial phase (HAP) and PVP contrast enhancement, respectively. Four blinded observers independently reviewed the HAP, PVP and DPCT images recording the site and size of all lesions. Alternative-free response receiver operating characteristic (AFROC) methodology was used to analyse the results, which were correlated with surgery, intra-operative ultrasound and histology. RESULTS: The mean observer sensitivities for malignant lesion detection were 75.3% for DPCT, 69.7% for PVP imaging and 66.7% for HAP imaging alone. There was a statistically significant improvement in malignant lesion detection using DPCT when compared with PVP imaging alone (P < 0.05). The mean areas under the AFROC curves were 0.84 for DPCT and 0.82 for PVP (P < 0.03) imaging alone. CONCLUSION: The detection of colorectal liver metastases was marginally better with DPCT than with PVP imaging alone, but the discovery of additional lesions did not affect the management of any of the patients in this study.     

肝脏双期螺旋CT扫描的临床应用价值

目的:研究双期螺旋CT最佳扫描技术及其在肝肿瘤或肝癌探测中的应用。材料与方法:35例无肝肿瘤和17例肝肿瘤患者均经双期螺旋CT行肝脏扫描,于动脉期和门静脉期观察了正常肝脏和肝细胞癌病灶中的CT表现。结果:正常肝脏与肝细胞癌的CT表现有明显不同。在12例肝细胞癌患者中确切看到了14个肝细胞癌病灶,其中13个病灶在动脉期呈高密度,12个病灶在门静脉期呈低密度,动脉期和门静脉期肝细胞癌的检出率分别为92.8％和85.7％。结论:选择最优化扫描参数,可清晰显示肝细胞癌的增强特点,并显著提高其病变的检出率,因此,双期螺旋CT扫描可当作探测肝肿瘤或肝细胞癌的常规方法。     

肝细胞癌的双时相螺旋CT扫描

目的：描述肝细胞癌的双时相螺旋ＣＴ的特征，评价其应用价值。材料与方法：对４９例肝细胞癌患者进行了双时相螺旋ＣＴ扫描。记录病变增强形态、特征，并与病理和血管造影对照。由两位放射科医生以双盲法观察诊断。结果：７４％的肝细胞癌在动脉期呈高密度，７６％在门静脉期呈低密度。１０例门静脉期等密度的病灶在动脉期均呈高密度。动脉期和门静脉期肝细胞癌的检出率为９１％和８１％。结论：双时相螺旋ＣＴ能显示肝细胞癌的增强特点，并提高病变检出率。可在肝细胞癌的检查中作为常规方法应用。     

Focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma of the liver: differentiation with multiphasic helical CT

OBJECTIVE: Differences of attenuation and enhancement patterns in focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma were evaluated and quantified using triphasic single-slice helical CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five histologically proven focal nodular hyperplasias in 27 patients and 18 hepatocellular adenomas in six patients were examined with helical CT. Quantitative evaluation included the following: attenuation of lesions, scar, and liver parenchyma during unenhanced, arterial (20 sec after injection), and portal venous phases (70 sec after injection); relative enhancement of lesions and liver (the ratio between attenuation in arterial phase and portal venous phase, respectively, and attenuation in unenhanced phase); and the prevalence of scar and its central vessel in focal nodular hyperplasia. RESULTS: The study showed no significant difference between mean attenuation values of focal nodular hyperplasia (mean +/- SD, 51.2 +/- 5.9 H) and hepatocellular adenoma (mean +/- SD, 56.3 +/- 7.8 H) in the unenhanced phase. In the arterial phase attenuation values were significantly higher in focal nodular hyperplasia (mean +/- SD, 117.9 +/- 15.1 H) than in hepatocellular adenoma (mean +/- SD, 80.1 +/- 10.5 H). In the portal venous phase no significant differences in attenuation values were detected between focal nodular hyperplasia (mean +/- SD, 112.1 +/- 20.4 H) and hepatocellular adenoma (mean +/- SD, 110.2 +/- 12.9 H). For enhancement parameter thresholds separating focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatocellular adenoma, the following were found: the relative enhancement was higher in 100% of the focal nodular hyperplasias and lower than or equal to 1.6 (accuracy, 96%) in 87% of the hepatocellular adenomas. CONCLUSION: Triphasic helical CT combined with quantitative evaluation of liver lesions offers the possibility of detecting differences in liver lesions that are visually similar on CT. The attenuation and relative enhancement in the arterial phase show significant differences that make accurate differentiation between focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma possible.     

CT features of an intraductal polypoid mass: Differentiation between hepatocellular carcinoma with bile duct tumor invasion and intraductal papillary cholangiocarcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To determine the CT features capable of differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bile duct tumor invasion (BDTI) from intraductal cholangiocarcinoma (IDCC). METHODS: Multiphasic CT images of 14 patients with HCC with BDTI and 18 patients with IDCC were retrospectively reviewed. Analysis of the CT findings included the size, location, and margin of the intraductal mass, the enhancement pattern of intraductal lesions, degree of ductal dilatation, presence of downstream ductal dilatation and ductal wall thickening, presence of parenchymal mass and its size, continuity of parenchymal mass with intraductal mass, and liver cirrhosis. Objective evaluation of the enhancement patterns of intraductal tumors was done by measuring the CT attenuation coefficients of the tumors and the uninvolved hepatic parenchyma in each phase. Among these findings, statistically significant variables were then determined using Fisher exact test or Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: Significant variables that helped differentiating HCC with BDTI from IDCC included the presence of parenchymal mass, liver cirrhosis, and the hyperattenuating intraductal tumor on the hepatic arterial phase (HAP). On unenhanced images, the tumor-to-liver contrast of IDCC (16.7 +/- 8.1) was greater than that of HCC with BDTI (6.4 +/- 10.4), but on HAP, that of HCC with BDTI (26.5 +/- 28.2) was greater than that of IDCC (5.9 +/- 18.7) (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference in the enhancement ratio of the intraductal tumors on portal venous phase (PVP) between the 2 conditions (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Several objective and subjective multiphasic CT findings may help differentiating HCC with BDTI from IDCC.     

原发性肝癌多层面CT双动脉期与门静脉期增强扫描分析

目的：探讨原发性肝癌多层面CT（multi-slices CT,MSCT）双动脉期与门静脉期增强扫描各期强化特征及癌灶的检出率。方法：104例原发性肝癌治疗前行MSCT的平扫与三期扫描（双动脉期与门静脉期扫描）,对比剂用量100 ml,以3 ml/s的速率肘静脉注射,采集时间动脉早期20～22 s,动脉晚期34～37 s,门静脉期60 s。测病灶平扫及各增强期CT值,分析病灶的强化情况及检出情况,以增强各期检出的肿瘤数目为肿瘤灶总数。结果：三期增强扫描共显示470个病灶,34个均匀强化;436个不均匀强化,〈3 cm病灶动脉早期检出117个（56.25%）,动脉晚期检出171个（82.21%）,门静脉期检出137个（65.86%）,≥3 cm的病灶动脉早期检出237个（90.45%）,动脉晚期检出250个（95.41%）,门静脉期检出244个（93.12%）。56个仅在三期增强扫描的一期显示,动脉早期5个,动脉晚期25个,门静脉期26个。结论：动脉晚期的检出率明显高于门静脉期与动脉早期。双动脉期与门静脉期增强扫描有利于提高肝癌检出效率。