婚姻质量与个性、婚姻动因的关系

目的：探讨婚姻质量与个性、婚姻动因的关系。方法：抽取156名在婚者为本研究的对象，其中男77人、女79人，每位受试者接受婚姻动因问卷、艾森克个性问卷和Olson婚姻质量问卷测查。结果：本样本受试者在婚姻质量问卷多数维度上的得分低于美国常模；婚姻质量与神经质和精神质得分呈显著负相关，婚姻质量的某些难度与内外向和掩饰性呈正相关；婚姻质量与人际-情感动因呈显著正相关，与社会-家庭和个人动因呈显著负相关。结论：个体和婚姻动因是影响婚姻质量的重要因素。     

中学生心理健康状况与个性及父母养方式的关系

目的：探讨中学生心理健康状况与个性及父母养育方式的关系。方法：采用症状自评量表（SCL－90）、艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）和父母养育方式问卷（EMBU）对240名在校中学生进行了集体测查，并对其心理健康状况与个性和父母养育方式的关系进行相关分析。结果：学生SCL－90所有因子与个性N（情绪性）维度呈显著正相关，与E（内外向）维度呈显著负上关，敌对因子与P（精神质）维度正相关显著。SCL－90大多数因子与父母养育方式间亦存在不同程度的相关关系。结论：个性和父母养育方式与青少年心理健康状况有着重要影响。父母积极情感表达子女健康心理的保护因素，而不良个性和父母养育方式失当不利于青少年心理健康发育。     

个性与婚姻质量——100对离婚诉讼者配对对照研究

通过100对离婚诉讼夫妇与100对婚姻稳定的夫妇配对对照研究表明,离婚诉讼夫妇均具有情绪不稳定的个性特征较突出。尤以诉讼者(原告)明显,是影响婚姻稳定与满意度的因素之一。精神病质的个性特征主要影响婚姻满意度,与婚姻稳定关系不明显。内外向个性特征未见与婚姻质量的关系。夫妇双方个性维度的类似或互补性不影响婚姻质量,但对配偶个性的评价不满意却是离婚诉讼者的特点之一。     

婚姻质量与个性的相关性研究

目的：探讨婚姻质量与个性的关系。方法：使用Olson的婚姻质量问卷及明尼苏达个性测量（MMPI）作为研究工具，对69名被试婚姻质量各因子与MMPI的181个量表进行相关性分析。结果：Olson婚姻质量问卷的11个因子与MMPI的44个量表有显著的相关。结论：婚姻的满意度受个性独立性及移情能力的影响较大。     

在婚者与离婚者婚姻质量与个性的调查分析

目的调查分析在婚者与离婚者的婚姻质量和个性的关系。方法采用Olson婚姻质量问卷和明尼苏达多相人格调查表中的3个临床量表和4个附加量表组成的问卷,对30名在婚者和30名离婚者做问卷调查。结果离婚组婚姻质量总分以及7个因子得分低于在婚组,有显著性差异;离婚组偏见分量表得分高于在婚组,有显著性差异;偏见与婚姻质量总分以及8个因子呈显著负相关;夫妻交流与偏见、精神衰弱、依赖性呈显著负相关,与社会责任感呈显著正相关。结论①夫妻双方在偏见这一个性特征上的相容性不好,是导致婚姻破裂的主要因素之一;②个性对婚姻质量的影响很可能是通过夫妻交流这一环节起作用的;③个性变出的个体婚姻盾量并不一定低于个性不变出的个体．主要还要看去圭个性组合的结果．     

夫妻个性组合与婚姻质量

目的:考查夫妻个性组合与婚姻质量的关系。方法:用中国人婚姻质量问卷和艾森克个性问卷对234对夫妇施测,分析夫妻不同个性组合对婚姻质量的影响。结果:神经质分低(T<40)、精神质分低(T<40)和纯朴性分适中(T=30-50)夫妻的婚姻质量较好(总分>340分),神经质分高(T>60)、精神质分高(T>60)和纯朴性分过低(T<30)夫妻的婚姻质量较差(总分<300分),内外向分高低对夫妻婚姻质量没有明显的影响。结论:夫妻个性相似或互补与婚姻质量没有必然的联系,具有情绪稳定、善于沟通和适当掩饰等特质的夫妻其婚姻质量较好。     

大学生个性与防御机制的关系研究

目的：观察大学生个性与防御机制的关系。方法：按不同专业分层抽样共抽取大学生541例，分别采用艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）和防御方式问卷（DSQ）进行测试。结果：精神病质（EPQ－P）与大部分的不成熟防御机制呈正相关，与成熟防御机制呈负相关；神经质（EPQ－N）与大部分的不成熟防御机制、中间型防御机制呈正相关；内外向（EPQ－E）与大部分的不成熟防御机制呈负相关，与成熟防御机制呈正相关，与中间型防御机制表现出比较复杂的关系。结论：精神病质个性倾向的学生更多采用不成熟防御机制，神经质个性倾向的学生更多采用不成熟和中间型防御机制，而外向个性倾向的学生更多混合采用成熟的和一些中间型防御机制。提示一定类型人格常具有相应的防御机制，二者间存在一种复杂的相互关系。     

气质对小学生学习成绩的影响

目的 探索气质类型及个性倾向对小学生学习成绩的影响。方法 采用艾森克人格问卷划分气质类型,比较学习成绩。结果 4种气质类型学生在语言成绩上存在显著性差异,而在数学成绩上差异不显著。女生数学成绩较多受个性维度的影响,与E、P、N维度有显著性相关;男生数学成绩与个性维度相关未达到显著意义。男女生语文成绩与E维度均呈显著性相关。结论气质类型及个性倾向对小学生学习成绩有一定影响。     

军医大学研究生生存质量及其影响因素的研究

目的：了解军医大学研究生的生存质量状况及其影响因素，为制定相应的改善措施提供依据。方法：采用随机抽样法，选择广州市某军医大学在读硕士研究生189名，应用世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表、艾森克个性问卷、生活事件量表、领悟社会支持量表和简易应对方式问卷进行调查。结果：军医大学研究生的生存质量高于平均水平；人格的内外向和神经质维度、生活事件、社会支持、积极应对和消极应对因子与生存质量各领域的评分相关显著：多元回归结果表明：人格的内外向和神经质维度、社会支持、生活事件、消极应对因子是影响军医大学研究生生存质量的主要因素。结论：军医大学研究生的生存质量状况较好，保持情绪的稳定、完善个性、寻求社会支持、减轻生活事件的影响、减少消极的应对行为是提高他们生存质量的途径。     

中学生心理健康状况与个性及父母养育方式的关系

目的探讨中学生心理健康状况与个性及父母养育方式的关系.方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)和父母养育方式问卷(EMBU)对240名在校中学生进行了集体测查,并对其心理健康状况与个性和父母养育方式的关系进行了相关分析.结果学生SCL-90所有因子与个性N(情绪性)维度呈显著正相关,与E(内外向)维度呈显著负相关,敌对因子与P(精神质)维度正相关显著.SCL-90大多数因子与父母养育方式间亦存在不同程度的相关关系.结论个性和父母养育方式对青少年心理健康状况有着重要影响.父母积极的情感表达是子女健康心理的保护因素,而不良个性和父母养育方式失当不利于青少年心理健康发育.     

Assortative marriage for cognitive abilities

One hundred and twenty-three spouse pairs gathered as part of a family study of the genetics of special abilities were examined on a battery of ability tests. Four principal components were interpreted after rotation: Spatial, Verbal, Perceptual Speed, and Memory. In addition, the first factor from a common factor analysis (unrotated) was taken as an estimate of g. Assortative marriage was measured by the spouse correlations on the test and factor scores. Three multiple regression models were designed to determine whether phenotypic convergence during marriage occurs and whether resemblance between spouses in cognitive ability is related to fertility. The following independent variables were partialed out in the models: (1) sex and age; (2) sex, age, and length of marriage; and (3) sex, age, and number of children. Model 1 (age and sex) accounted for part of the correlation between spouses on the spatial tests, the verbal tests and the spatial and general factors. The perceptual speed and memory tests and factors were largely unaffected by partialing out the independent variables. No evidence of phenotypic convergence over years of marriage or of a relationship between fertility and resemblance in abilities was found.This research was supported in part by Research Grant HD06648 to S. G. V. and Training Grant MH11167 to G. E. McClearn.     

首发脑卒中患者认知功能障碍与抑郁和脑损伤部位的关系

目的 :探讨急性期脑卒中病人的认知功能障碍与抑郁和脑损伤部位的关系。方法 :选择 62例单一首发病灶的脑卒中病人作为研究对象 ,用修订韦氏成人智力量表四合一简式 ,汉密顿抑郁量表和神经功能缺损评定等方法进行检测。结果 :1 前部卒中病人FIQ (总智商 ) ,VIQ (语言智商 )和V (词汇 )分显著低于后部 (P <0 0 5or 0 0 1) ;2 抑郁组智力各分非常显著低于正常组 (P <0 0 1) ,非抑郁组PIQ (操作智商 ) ,PA (图排 )和PC (填图 )分显著低于正常组 (P <0 0 5or 0 0 1,抑郁组和非抑郁组智力比较未发现差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;3 多元逐步回归分析发现智力与抑郁 ,年龄和受教育程度有关。结论 :前部卒中和抑郁的病人更易产生认知功能障碍     

Inter-individual differences in the human circadian system: a review

Measurements of physiological, biochemical and psychological variables at two or more different times of day reveal substantial inter-individual differences. This paper reviews studies which have dealt with these differences in terms of the morningness-eveningness, personality (introversion-extraversion), age or sex of their subjects. Studies of individual differences in the response of the circadian system to disturbance (e.g. shift work) are also discussed. The most reliable differences were observed in association with the morningness-eveningness factor. From the studies reviewed here it appeared that several rhythm parameters covaried consistently as a function of morningness-eveningness, suggesting underlying differences in the intrinsic period of the circadian system. It is argued that the differences in rhythm parameters associated with the personality dimension of introversion-extraversion are the result of exogenous influences. The results with regard to age-related and sex-related differences were not sufficient to allow conclusions to be made.     

酒精依赖者婚姻质量调查

目的 :了解酒精依赖者的婚姻质量问题。方法 :采用 SCL- 90、Olson婚姻质量问卷对 68例酒精依赖者和 62例正常对照者进行了对比研究。结果 :酒精依赖与对照组比较 ,酒精依赖组在抑郁、焦虑、人际关系、敏感、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性得分显著高于对照组 ,而在婚姻满意度、性格相容性、夫妻交流、业余活动、性生活、与亲友关系等得分显著低于对照组。结论 :酒依赖者婚姻和生活质量差。     

Marital assortment for personality dispositions: Assessment with three different data sources

This study examined spouse correlations in a sample of 93 married couples with respect to 16 interpersonal dimensions using three different data sources: self-report, spouse ratings, and independent interviewer-observer ratings. Results across all three sources supported the previously obtained low positive correlations between spouses. Partial correlations using age and hierarchical multiple regressions using length of marriage do not support the alternative hypothesis that obtained spouse correlations are due to age, to cohort, or to convergence over the course of marriage. Initial assortment is implicated as a probable cause of obtained spouse correspondence.     

与老人同住对青年夫妻婚姻关系的影响

目的:探讨与老人同住对青年夫妻婚姻关系的影响。方法:采用婚姻自评问卷与婚姻投射测验对275对青年夫妻进行调查。结果:研究发现,无老人同住时,丈夫的婚姻满意度(F=2.298,P0.05)和妻子的婚姻调适水平(F=4.271,P0.05)要高于与公婆同住时的情况;而相比与公婆同住,与女方父母同住时夫妻的婚姻关系更好,主要体现在自评问卷中妻子的婚姻调适(F=4.271,P0.05),以及投射测验中丈夫对妻子的满意度(F=2.657,P0.05)、丈夫对妻子的理解程度(F=2.785,P0.05)和夫妻间角色互动(F=3.534,P0.05)等方面。结论:与老人同住情况是影响青年夫妻婚姻关系的重要因素,当无老人同住或与女方父母同住时,青年夫妻的婚姻关系要好于与公婆同住时。     

Non-random Mating and Convergence Over Time for Mental Health, Life Satisfaction, and Personality: The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study

Earlier studies have shown evidence for various sources of observed spousal similarity regarding different traits and characteristics. We explored the relative contribution of non-random mating and convergence to spouse similarity with respect to global mental health, life satisfaction, optimism, and type A personality. We used population-based data collected for the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (1984–1986) and prospective registry information about when and with whom people entered into marriage/cohabitation between 1970 and 2000 for 19,599 married/cohabitating couples and 1,551 future couples that entered into marriage/cohabitation during the 16 years after data collection. Couples were categorized by interval between data collection and entry into marriage/cohabitation. Age-adjusted polychoric correlations calculated for each group were used as the dependent variables in non-linear, segmented regression analysis, with time since or until marriage/cohabitation as the independent variable. Initial correlations between partners-to-be were low to moderate, typically around one-half of the values estimated in existing couples, indicating both non-random mating and early convergence. There appeared to be moderate divergence during the first 20 years of marriage/cohabitation and moderate convergence during the rest of life.     

不同月龄Peabody运动发育量表与Bayley婴幼儿发育量表相关性研究

目的了解不同月龄Peabody运动发育量表(PDMS-2)与Bayley婴幼儿发育量表(BSID)对脑瘫高危儿运动发育评估结果的相关性,指导脑性瘫痪的早期诊断和治疗。方法随机抽取3个月和6个月的脑瘫高危儿(宫内窘迫或窒息)各30例,在专家的指导下,由两名经过专业培训的治疗师在同一测试条件下,对同一患儿分别进行PDMS-2与BSID中运动发育量表的评分,然后交叉评分,取其平均值,利用SPSS13.0统计软件将PDMS-2中粗大运动发育商(GMQ),精细运动发育商(FMQ)和总体运动发育商(TMQ)分别与BSID中精神运动发育指数(PDI)进行相关性的分析。结果3个月组中PDMS-2中GMQ,FMQ和TMQ与BSID中PDI的相关系数分别为0.471(P=0.009),0.334(P=0.071),0.492(P=0.006);6个月组中PDMS-2中GMQ,FMQ和TMQ与BSID中PDI的相关系数分别为0.674(P=0.000),0.555(P=0.001),0.701(P=0.000)结论Peabody运动发育量表与Bayley婴幼儿发育量表具有相关性,6个月组比3个月组相关性更密切。谨慎选择量表和时期对脑性瘫痪做出早期诊断和治疗。     

Social mobility by marriage and risk of cardiovascular disease among adults in Southwestern Poland

Background: The social position of a husband or wife can influence the health status of the individual and his/her partner. Also, social position can change over time as a result of education, job, income, marriage and/or divorce.

Aim: To examine the association of mobility by marriage based on educational discrepancy between spouses and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Polish men and women of 40–50 years of age.

Subjects and methods: The sample included 394 married men and 453 married women of 40–50 years of age. All were residents of Wroc?aw located in southwestern Poland. Risk of CVD was assessed with the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). The sex-specific effect of social mobility on CVD risk (FRS) was tested by multiple regression analyses.

Results: Among Polish married men and women, social mobility by marriage had a significant association with risk of CVD. Downwardly mobile men and women had a higher risk of CVD, while upwardly mobile men and women had a lower risk of CVD compared with individuals from homogamous marriages. The sole exception to this trend was poorly educated men among whom marriage with a better educated wife did not affect CVD risk.

Conclusion: Social mobility by marriage influences CVD risk. The results provide additional insights for studies examining socioeconomic differentials in CVD risk.     

Effects of maternal allergen-specific IgG in cord blood on early postnatal development of allergen-specific T-cell immunity

BACKGROUND: A wide body of epidemiologic evidence indicates that as yet unknown maternal factor(s) can influence susceptibility to allergic disease in the offspring. It is also well established that the induction of allergen-specific T-cell memory is frequently initiated in utero, and it is likely that maternal factors exert their influence during this period. METHODS: This study examines the relationship between maternally derived allergen-specific IgG subclass antibodies and cellular immune responses (lymphoproliferation and cytokine production) against the same allergens in 49 subjects tested at birth and at 2 years of age. Polyclonal production of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma was also examined in the cord-blood samples. RESULTS: At birth, there were positive correlations between both house-dust mite (HDM)- and ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgG subclass levels in cord blood, maternal atopy, and the magnitude of perinatal lymphoproliferative responses to respective allergens. Inverse relationships were also observed between cord-blood IgG antibody titres and allergen-specific production of some Th2 cytokines. However, there were no consistent relationships between cord-blood allergen-specific IgG antibodies and subsequent immune responses to allergens when the same subjects were retested at 2 years of age. An inverse relationship was observed between maternal history of atopy and perinatal IFN-gamma production capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that transplacental transfer of allergen-specific IgG antibody is unlikely to be a major mechanism for maternal regulation of allergen-specific immunity in infancy. An alternative possibility is that maternal effects may operate by influencing IFN-gamma production by T cells in the offspring.