Giant exophytic cystic adenomyosis with a levonorgestrel containing intrauterine device out of the uterine cavity after uterine myomectomy: A case report

A cystic lesion arising from the myometrium of the uterus,termed as cystic adenomyosis,has chocolate-like,thick viscous contents and contains various amounts of endometrial stroma below the glandular epithelium.It is an extremely rare type of adenomyosis.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report an unusual case of a giant cystic mass in the pelvic cavity after uterine myomectomy.The patient complained of abnormal uterine bleeding and severe dysmenorrhea.After a levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine device(LNG-IUD)was inserted,her symptoms were greatly alleviated.However,the LNG-IUD was detected in the cystic cavity during the follow-up.For fear of the intrauterine device migrating into and damaging the surrounding viscera,surgical treatment was proposed.Therefore,laparoscopic resection of the lesion and removal of the LNG-IUD were performed and cystic adenomyosis with an LNG-IUD out of the uterine cavity was diagnosed.CONCLUSION We believe that myomectomy breaking through the endometrial cavity may have been a predisposing factor for the development of cystic adenomyosis in this case.     

磁共振影像联合带厚度指标与T2WI高信号对子宫腺肌症的诊断价值

目的:探讨磁共振成像(MRI)中联合带厚度指标和病灶区T_2WI高信号灶联合应用对子宫腺肌症的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析56例经手术和病理证实为子宫腺肌症患者及35例正常对照组的MRI资料,在观察子宫腺肌症MRI病灶特征的基础上,测量联合带厚度最大值(JZ_(max))、最大值与最小值差(JZ_(dif))、联合带与肌层厚度比(JZ_(rat))。子宫腺肌症组和对照组JZ_(max)、JZ_(dif)、JZ_(rat)比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。联合带增厚和高信号灶单独应用与联合应用诊断子宫腺肌症的差异采用Pearsonχ2检验。结果:弥漫性子宫腺肌症35例,局限性21例。弥漫性子宫腺肌症中,3例联合带测量困难;另外32例中,JZ_(max)、JZ_(dif)和JZ_(rat)三者平均值分别为20.6mm、12.8mm和70.1%。局限性子宫腺肌症中,3例联合带显示欠清,其他18例JZ_(max)、JZ_(dif)和JZ_(rat)平均值分别为16.4mm、10.2mm和61.0%。子宫腺肌症组和正常对照组JZ差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。子宫腺肌症48例(85.7%)见T_2WI高信号灶。JZ_(max)、JZ_(dif)和T_2WI高信号3个参数联合应用诊断子宫腺肌症的灵敏度、特异度和准确度分别为92.9%、97.1%、94.5%,其中敏感度和准确度高于JZ_(max)、JZ_(dif)单独应用(P0.05)。结论:JZ_(max)、JZ_(dif)、JZ_(rat)联合T_2WI高信号有助于提高子宫腺肌症诊断价值。     

Intradural osteomas: Report of two cases

BACKGROUNDIntradural osteoma is very rarely located in the subdural or subarachnoid space. Unfortunately, intradural osteoma lacks specificity in clinical manifestations and imaging features and there is currently no consensus on its diagnosis method or treatment strategy. Moreover, the pathogenesis of osteoma without skull structure involvement remains unclear.CASE SUMMARYWe describe two cases of intradural osteomas located in the subdural and subarachnoid spaces, respectively. The first case involved a 47-year-old woman who presented with a 3-year history of intermittent headache and dizziness. Intraoperatively, a bony hard mass was found in the left frontal area, attached to the inner surface of the dura mater and compressing the underlying arachnoid membrane and brain. The second case involved a 56-year-old woman who had an intracranial high-density lesion isolated under the right greater wing of the sphenoid. Intraoperatively, an arachnoid-covered bony tumor was found in the sylvian fissure. The pathological diagnosis for both patients was osteoma.CONCLUSIONSurgery and pathological examination are required for diagnosis of intradural osteomas, and craniotomy is a safe and effective treatment.     

Transorbital nonmissile penetrating brain injury: Report of two cases

BACKGROUND Penetrating brain injury(PBI) is an uncommon emergency in neurosurgery, and transorbital PBI is a rare type of PBI. Reasonable surgical planning and careful postoperative management can improve the prognosis of patients CASE SUMMARY The first case is a 68-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital because a branch punctured his brain through the orbit for approximately 9 h after he unexpectedly fell while walking. After admission, the patient underwent emergency surgical treatment and postoperative anti-infection treatment. The patient was able to follow instructions at a 4-mo follow-up review. The other case is a 46-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital due to an intraorbital foreign body caused by a car accident, after which the patient was unconscious for approximately 6 h. After admission, the patient underwent emergency surgical treatment and postoperative anti-infection treatment. The patient could correctly answer questions at a 3-mo follow-up review.CONCLUSION Transorbital PBI is a rare and acute disease. Early diagnosis, surgical intervention, and application of intravenous antibiotics can improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients.     

Diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic fasciitis: Report of two cases

BACKGROUNDEosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is a rare disease characterized by inflammation of the fascia with immune system involvement. Failure to promptly diagnose and treat this disease can seriously affect the quality of life of patients. However, no clear and uniform criteria for diagnosis and treatment exist.CASE SUMMARYIn this paper, we report two cases of EF, both of which showed symmetrical limb swelling and rigidity, increased eosinophils in the peripheral blood and bone marrow, increased red blood cell sedimentation rate, increased antinuclear antibody titer, and pathological changes in the tissues such as eosinophil and lymphocyte infiltration. Both patients were treated with hormones and cyclosporine, and showed significant improvements in their conditions.CONCLUSIONEF is an autoimmune disease causing swelling and sclerosis of the fascia and eosinophilia. It is diagnosable by magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography-computed tomography, blood routine tests, and bone marrow puncture. Glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants are effective treatments.     

96例子宫腺肌病B超声像分析

目的 探讨子宫腺肌病B超声像特点及超声检查的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性分析96例经手术和病理证实为子宫腺肌病的B超声像特点，并与手术对照。结果 96例子宫腺肌病B超声像特点为子宫增大、形态改变、子宫肌层厚度不均、内膜线偏移和宫肌层回声异常。超声所见肌层异常回声部位与手术所见病灶部位基本一致。结论超声检查可为子宫腺肌病的诊断提供重要的参考信息。结合 B超声像特点和临床病史，有利于提高子宫腺肌病诊断的准确率，且有利于鉴别诊断。     

Analysis of pathogenetic process of fungal rhinosinusitis: Report of two cases

BACKGROUND Fungal rhinosinusitis is an infectious and/or allergic disease caused by fungi in the sinus and nasal cavity. Due to the warm and humid climate in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the incidence of fungal rhinosinusitis is higher than that in other provinces. However, its physiological mechanism is not yet clear.Not every patient colonized by fungi develops a fungal infection. To a large extent, the immune status of the patient determines the nature of fungal disease in the nasal passages. The pathologic process of progression from harmless fungal colonization to fungal rhinosinusitis is unclear and has not been reported.CASE SUMMURY We report two patients, one who developed fungal rhinosinusitis 1.5 years after surgery performed to treat an inverted papilloma, and the other with a history of hypertension and cerebral infarction. Both patients recovered from their surgeries. An average time of 2.5 years elapsed from the development of maxillary sinus cysts to the development of fungal rhinosinusitis.CONCLUSION According to these case reports, we speculate that the progression of fungal rhinosinusitis from harmless colonization to disease onset requires approximately one to three years and that the length of the process may be related to underlying diseases, surgical treatment, deficient autoimmune status,and abuse of hormone antibiotics and hormones. Additional data are needed to conduct relevant studies to appropriately prevent and treat fungal rhinosinusitis.     

Multiple hidden vessels in walled-off necrosis with high-risk bleeding: Report of two cases

BACKGROUNDWalled-off necrosis (WON), as a local complication of acute necrotizing pancreatitis, is difficult to differentiate from pancreatic pseudocysts (PPC). Imaging modalities such as computed tomography show a lower accuracy than endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in confirming the diagnosis. EUS-guided cystogastrostomy following direct endoscopic necrosectomy has achieved excellent results and has been regarded as a preferred alternative to traditional surgery. However, high-risk bleeding is one of the greatest concerns.CASE SUMMARYTwo patients with symptomatic pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) were admitted to our hospital for EUS-guided lumen-apposing metal stent therapy. The female patient suffered from intermittent abdominal pain and underwent two perioperative CT examinations. The male patient had recurrent pancreatitis and showed a growing PFC. The initial diagnosis was a PPC according to contrast-enhanced CT. However, the evidence of solid contents on EUS prompted revision of the diagnosis to WON. An endoscope was inserted into the cavity, and some necrotic debris and multiple hidden vascular structures were observed. Owing to conservative treatment by irrigation with sterile water instead of direct necrosectomy, we successfully avoided damaging hidden vessels and reduced the risk of intraoperative bleeding.CONCLUSIONThe application of EUS is helpful for the identification of PFCs. Careful intervention should be conducted for WON with multiple vessels to prevent bleeding.     

Fat-poor renal angiomyolipoma with prominent cystic degeneration: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUNDAngiomyolipoma (AML), the most common benign tumor of the kidney, is usually composed of dysmorphic blood vessels, smooth muscle, and mature adipose tissue. To our knowledge, AML with cystic degeneration has rarely been documented. Cystic degeneration, hemorrhage, and a lack of fat bring great challenges to the diagnosis.CASE SUMMARYA 60-year-old man with hypertension presented with a 5-year history of cystic mass in his left kidney. He fell 2 mo ago. A preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan showed a mixed-density cystic lesion without macroscopic fat density, the size of which had increased compared with before, probably due to hemorrhage caused by a trauma. Radical nephrectomy was performed. Histopathological studies revealed that the lesion mainly consisted of tortuous, ectatic, and thick-walled blood vessels, mature adipose tissue, and smooth muscle-like spindle cells arranged around the abnormal blood vessels. The tumor cells exhibited positivity for human melanoma black-45, Melan-A, smooth muscle actin, calponin, S-100, and neuron-specific enolase, rather than estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, CD68, and cytokeratin. The Ki-67 labeling index was less than 5%. The final diagnosis was a fat-poor renal AML (RAML) with prominent cystic degeneration.CONCLUSIONWhen confronting a large renal cystic mass, RAML should be included in the differential diagnosis.     

Balloon-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection for treating small intestinal lipomas: Report of two cases

BACKGROUNDMost small intestinal lipomas are treated surgically, and some require repeated surgeries for multiple lipomas. However, application of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) technology in the deep small intestine is rarely reported owing to the special anatomical structure of the small intestine, medical equipment limitations, and the lack of relevant experience among endoscopists.CASE SUMMARYTwo patients with small intestinal lipomas treated at the Air Force Medical Center from November 2015 to September 2019 were selected to undergo balloon-assisted ESD to treat the lipomas and explore the technical feasibility and safety of ESD for treating small intestinal lipomas. The two patients successfully underwent balloon-assisted ESD to treat four small intestinal lipomas, with a complete resection rate of 100% (4/4), without intraoperative or postoperative bleeding, perforation, or other complications. After 3-6 mo of postoperative follow-up, the clinical symptoms caused by the lipomas were significantly relieved or disappeared after treatment.CONCLUSIONBalloon-assisted ESD is a safe and reliable new method for treating deep intestinal lipomas and shows good clinical feasibility.     

Application of curved ablation in liver cancer with special morphology or location: Report of two cases

BACKGROUND Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors with a high incidence and mortality.Hepatitis-liver cirrhosis-liver cancer is known as the trilogy of liver cancer.At present,due to significant development of imaging interventions,they occupy an irreplaceable position in the field of liver cancer treatment,especially ultrasound-guided ablation.Because patients with liver cancer often present with liver cirrhosis,which leads to morphological deformation of the liver,it is difficult to perform a linear ablation of liver cancer in the areas near the phrenic top and within large blood vessels,among others.The present study reports on two cases of liver cancer that have been subjected to curvilinear ablation.After 1 mo,magnetic resonance imaging showed complete ablation,demonstrating that ultrasound-guided curved ablation is feasible and effective in the treatment of liver cancer.CASE SUMMARY Two patients were treated at the Liver Disease Department of the Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine in 2019.Because the first liver cancer patient’s tumor was located close to the diaphragm,it was difficult to complete a straight needle ablation procedure in one session.In order to achieve accurate and minimally invasive treatment of this tumor,a curved needle ablation procedure was designed.The second patient presented with a hepatic cyst in front of the tumor.In order not to damage the hepatic cyst,a looper needle ablation technique was used.The procedure was successfully completed in both cases.CONCLUSION Curved ablation is a new technique that can be used to treat tumors situated in a variety of locations,providing new ideas for interventional techniques.Its operation difficulty is higher and further animal experiments are necessary to improve the operation procedure.     

经乳晕入路腔镜下甲状腺切除16例报告

目的评价腔镜甲状腺切除术的优越性。方法采用经乳晕入路行腔镜甲状腺切除术16例。结果16例均顺利完成手术，无1例中转开刀，并发症少，术后患者满意。结论腔镜下甲状腺切除术具有美容、安全、并发症少等优点。