刚地弓形虫Peroxiredoxin基因的克隆及其融合蛋白的高效表达和纯化

目的克隆刚地弓形虫Prx基因,用IPTG诱导表达Prx融合蛋白并进行纯化。方法用PCR扩增目的基因片段并克隆至pGEX-6P-1载体,构建pGEX-6p-1/TgPrx原核表达载体;IPTG诱导表达Prx融合蛋白,表达产物进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析,GST亲和层析纯化融合蛋白。结果从弓形虫RH株DNA中扩增Prx基因,成功构建了弓形虫重组质粒pGEX-6p-1/TgPrx,并在大肠埃希菌(E.coli)中得到高效表达,表达的融合蛋白分子质量为51ku,该蛋白可被鼠抗弓形虫血清特异性识别。结论原核表达具有生物学活性的弓形虫重组Prx蛋白(rTgPrx),该蛋白有望用于弓形虫病免疫学检测。     

pET30a-EgG1Y162质粒的构建及目的蛋白的表达和纯化

目的构建pET30a-EgG1Y162原核表达质粒,对重组蛋白HIS-EgG1Y162进行诱导表达、纯化及活性鉴定。方法从细粒棘球绦虫原头蚴的cDNA中克隆出EgG1Y162基因,构建pMD19-T-EgG1Y162克隆载体。通过EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切,将EgG1Y162基因片段连接入原核表达载体pET30a中,构建pET30a-EgG1Y162重组质粒,经双酶切及PCR鉴定并测序。将测序正确的重组质粒转化入BL21(DE3)大肠埃希菌的感受态细胞中,利用IPTG诱导表达蛋白,诱导后的菌液经超声破碎,采用12%SDS-PAGE分析蛋白表达情况。使用His Trap纯化柱纯化蛋白,并进行Western blot鉴定。结果 PCR扩增出的EgG1Y162基因,片段大小为360 bp,与预期相符。经双酶切及PCR鉴定并测序,成功构建出pET30a-EgG1Y162原核表达载体。重组质粒转化菌经IPTG诱导,HIS-EgG1Y162重组蛋白在菌液上清中的表达量高于沉淀,且在IPTG(0.2 mmol/L)在28℃诱导6 h时在上清中表达量较高。当咪唑浓度为20 mmol/L时重组蛋白的洗脱效果良好。Western blot显示纯化的重组蛋白HIS-EgG1Y162能被相应抗体识别。结论成功构建了pET30a-EgG1Y162重组质粒,并诱导纯化出具有反应原性的重组蛋白HIS-EgG1Y162,为细粒棘球蚴EgG1Y162疫苗的研发奠定了实验基础。     

丙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白通过自诱导方式可溶性表达及其生物学功能鉴定

目的 构建包含HCV核心蛋白全长基因的重组原核表达质粒,经转化表达型大肠杆菌后自诱导培养以获取可溶性重组核心蛋白,并检测其生物学功能. 方法 以H/FL质粒为模板,通过PCR扩增全长HCV核心蛋白DNA.PCR产物经双酶切后定向克隆到pET28a原核表达载体中.将重组的原核表达载体转化表达型大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3) pLysS,并通过自诱导培养的方式使其在高浓度状态下表达重组核心蛋白.重组核心蛋白经Western blot检测鉴定生物学功能,并与HCV NS3蛋白进行相互结合后共同纯化实验. 结果 重组核心蛋白大量存在于表达菌破菌上清液中.Western blot检测结果显示其具有核心蛋白抗原性.重组核心蛋白不能单独通过Ni-NTA亲和层析柱纯化,但可以与HCV NS3蛋白结合后共同纯化. 结论 成功表达可溶性的重组核心蛋白,证明了其生物学活性.重组核心蛋白与HCV NS3蛋白存在相互作用.     

融合抗菌肽SUMO-PK34的优化表达、纯化及鉴定北大核心CSCD

目的 PK34是一类来源于分枝杆菌噬菌体的抗菌肽,可与结核分枝杆菌表面的TDM蛋白特异性结合,从而精确杀灭结核分枝杆菌。且原核表达具有诸如表达量大、成本较低等一系列优点。本研究利用大肠埃希菌表达目的蛋白—融合抗菌肽SUMO-PK34,并纯化获得大量具有活性的融合抗菌肽。方法 从GenBank中获取抗菌肽PK34序列后进行密码子优化,通过合成引物,PCR获得带有酶切位点的抗菌肽PK34基因片段,酶切、连接后构建重组质粒并进行酶切和测序鉴定。将重组质粒转化入大肠埃希菌BL21菌株中进行诱导表达,并对诱导培养温度、IPTG浓度和时间进行优化。将转化菌接种入含有kana抗性的LB液体培养基中扩大培养,在最适条件下进行诱导表达,通过AKTA-His-Ni column纯化目的蛋白,采用SDS-PAGE电泳和Western blot方法进行鉴定。结果 获得融合抗菌肽SUMO-PK34重组质粒pET-28a-SUMO-PK34,并在BL21中初步表达融合抗菌肽SUMO-PK34。经过优化,确定其最适表达条件为温度24℃,IPTG终浓度为1.0 mmol/L,时间为9 h。在优化的条件下表达重组蛋白,通过纯化,获得大量融合抗菌肽SUMO-PK34。经Western blot鉴定,表达的融合多肽相对分子质量为20×10~3,活性良好。结论 通过优化表达条件,使得融合抗菌肽SUMO-PK34在原核系统(大肠埃希菌)中得到高效表达,纯化获得具有活性的融合抗菌肽,对PK34的低经济成本、低时间成本的大量获取及抗结核杆菌药物的开发奠定了基础。     

类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌AraC转录因子基因的原核表达及纯化北大核心CSCD

目的从海南类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌菌株BPHN001中克隆得到AraC转录因子基因,构建类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia pseudomallei)AraC转录因子基因原核表达质粒,对该转录因子基因进行原核表达,并对表达产物进行纯化。方法根据AraC转录因子基因设计特异性扩增引物,将PET-28a(+)质粒和扩增得到的AraC转录因子基因产物同时用BamHⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切,构建带His标签的重组质粒。经测序验证后,将重组质粒转化至大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),采用最佳浓度IPTG进行诱导,采用SDS-PAGE鉴定重组蛋白的表达情况。通过Ni^(2+)柱纯化目的蛋白,采用Western blot检测纯化蛋白的免疫反应性。结果特异性引物扩增得到的产物大小约为1000 bp,与目的基因片段1032 bp基本一致。将扩增产物与PET-28a(+)载体连接后测序,与预期完全一致。重组载体转化BL21(DE3)后用最适IPTG浓度(0.5 mmol/L)诱导过夜(约16 h),SDS-PAGE检测表达产物分子质量在40~55 ku之间,与预期相符。表达蛋白纯化后进行Western blot,能被相应抗体识别。结论成功克隆得到AraC转录因子基因,,构建的含AraC转录因子基因原核表达载体转化DE3后经IPTG诱导可表达出融合蛋白,经Ni^(2+)柱纯化得到具有免疫反应原性的AraC转录因子蛋白,为AraC转录因子的功能研究奠定了基础。     

结核分枝杆菌Rv2352c基因的克隆表达及其抗原活性鉴定

目的构建含结核分枝杆菌(M.tb)rv2352c基因原核表达载体,经转化E.coli以表达Rv2352c融合蛋白,并研究其抗原性。方法用PCR扩增M.tb rv2352c基因,克隆入pET30a(+)质粒,构建pET30a(+):rv2352c重组质粒,阳性克隆测序验证正确后转化入表达宿主大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导Rv2352c蛋白表达。经Ni+-NTA层析柱纯化融合蛋白,通过SDS-PAGE和结核患者血清Western blot进行鉴定。将纯化的重组蛋白分别免疫家兔,制备抗Rv2352c抗血清,抗血清的效价测定采用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA),取兔抗血清与纯化蛋白Rv2352c通过Western blot方法,检测抗体特异性。结果经酶切鉴定和测序分析证实rv2352c原核表达质粒构建正确,SDS-PAGE和Western blot结果显示,在45 kD处呈现单一蛋白条带。用重组蛋白Rv2352c免疫接种后可诱导出高滴度的特异性抗体。纯化蛋白通过Western blot鉴定证实为目的蛋白,有较强的免疫原性。结论成功构建原核表达重组质粒pET30a(+):rv2352c,制备和纯化的Rv2352c融合蛋白具有较好的纯度和生物学功能,为进一步研究结核病的潜在分子标志物奠定基础。     

甲型H1N1流感病毒HA基因的原核表达及免疫反应性分析

目的构建甲型H1N1流感病毒HA基因的原核表达质粒,获得融合表达蛋白,并对表达蛋白的免疫反应性进行分析。方法人工合成A/California/05/2009 H1N1流感病毒的HA基因,以合成基因为模板,通过PCR方法扩增出去除信号肽的HA部分基因片段,然后将去除信号肽的HA基因克隆至pET30a(+)原核表达载体中,构建出原核表达质粒,再将重组质粒转化E.coliBL21(DE3)表达菌株;重组菌经IPTG诱导后,收集菌体进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析,Western blot分析表达产物的免疫反应性。结果获得了HA基因的原核表达重组菌,细菌经IPTG诱导表达后,SDS-PAGE分析可见约67.4 ku大小的目的蛋白表达条带,Western blot结果显示,表达产物与人甲型H1N1流感患者阳性血清具有反应性。结论成功表达出甲型H1N1流感病毒的HA蛋白,该蛋白具有良好的免疫反应性,为甲型H1N1流感的快速诊断方法的建立提供了生物材料。     

卡氏肺孢子菌55kDa抗原的原核表达与纯化

目的体外扩增卡氏肺孢子菌(Pneumocystis carinii,Pc)55kDa抗原(p55)570bp的基因片段,构建原核表达载体pGEX-570,诱导表达并纯化重组蛋白。方法以卡氏肺孢子菌DNA为模板,扩增其基因片段,连接至pGEM-T载体,随后构建pGEX-570重组表达质粒,经双酶切、PCR及测序鉴定后将其转化入BL21大肠杆菌中,经IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白。采用透析袋电泳法纯化融合蛋白。结果重组表达质粒pGEX-570经酶切,PCR鉴定及测序结果表明构建成功。IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白GST-p55/570,分子量约为47kDa。用透析袋电泳法纯化重组蛋白,经SDS-PAGE确认正确。结论本研究成功构建了pGEX-570原核表达载体,诱导表达并纯化GST-p55/570融合蛋白。为进一步开展肺孢子菌55kDa抗原的研究奠定了基础。     

结核分枝杆菌吡嗪酰胺耐药相关蛋白的原核表达及纯化

目的构建结核分枝杆菌pncA基因的原核表达质粒,获得结核分枝杆菌吡嗪酰胺酶的表达蛋白。方法制备结核分枝杆菌基因组DNA,采用聚合酶链反应扩增目的基因片段;通过pET28a构建表达载体pET28a-pncA,序列测定证实正确后转化大肠埃希菌DH10b,经IPTG诱导表达His-吡嗪酰胺酶融合蛋白,采用SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析重组蛋白。结果扩增出结核分枝杆菌pncA基因并构建了具有正确基因序列的质粒载体pET28a-pncA,转化大肠埃希菌BL21后经诱导产生了分子质量单位约20ku的表达产物,并得到纯化的带His标签的目的蛋白。结论构建了结核分枝杆菌pncA基因原核表达质粒,并诱导表达了His-吡嗪酰胺酶融合蛋白,为进一步研究吡嗪酰胺耐药性奠定了基础。     

人CDK4 cDNA克隆和原核表达

目的 从人肝癌组织细胞中克隆人CDK4基因和原核表达CDK4蛋白.方法 用逆转录PCR方法从人肝癌组织RNA中扩增出CDK4 cDNA,然后与T载体和PET28a＋载体重组,转化受体菌和诱导表达,DNA序列分析和Western blot鉴定重组质粒和蛋白表达.结果 PCR扩增出900 bp的DNA片段,与T载体和PET28a＋载体重组得到人CDK4基因的重组质粒,DNA序列显示为人CDK4的cDNA全序列;IPTG可以诱导重组菌表达蛋白;Western blot结果表明为人CDK4蛋白.结论 用逆转录PCR方法扩增出人CDK4 cDNA,并与PET28a＋载体重组得到能够用IPTG诱导表达的人CDK4蛋白.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.