小儿先天性胆管扩张症的诊治：附44例报告

背景与目的:先天性胆管扩张症(CBD)是小儿较常见的胆道畸形,可发生于肝内和肝外胆管的任何部位。随着时间的推移,患者易并发胆道结石、胰腺炎、胆管癌、复发性胆管炎、门静脉高压症、自发性囊肿破裂等严重并发症。CBD常伴有胰胆管合流异常(PBM),且临床症状不典型,部分急性发作患者腹腔粘连严重,手术难度大且术后并发症多,因此其诊断与治疗对小儿外科医生带来了巨大挑战。本研究总结分析小儿CBD的诊治经验,以期为临床工作提供参考。方法:回顾性分析中南大学湘雅医院2010年6月-2017年8月间收治的44例CBD患儿的临床资料。结果:44例患儿中女38例,男6例,男女比1:6.3;发病年龄为2~161个月,中位发病年龄为63个月。主要临床症状为腹痛30例(68.1%)、皮肤巩膜黄染20例(45.5%)、恶心呕吐7例(15.9%)。37例行彩超检查,30例(81.1%)考虑为CBD;32例行CT检查,29例(90.6%)考虑诊断为CBD;20例行磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)检查,20例(100.0%)均考虑诊断为CBD,其中18例(90.0%)伴有PBM。按Todani分型:I型34例(77.3%),IVA型10例(32.7%);按董氏分型:C1型26例(59.1%),C2型8例(18.2%),D1型8例(18.2%),D2型2例(4.5%)。一期行胆囊切除+胆总管囊肿切除+肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术的29例患儿术中出血(80.0±25.0)mL,无并发症发生,术后住院(8.0±1.6)d;行胆囊切除+胆总管囊肿切除+左半肝切除+右肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术的1例术中出血150.0 mL,术后住院10 d;一期行胆总管囊肿切开T管引流术,3个月后行二期胆总管囊肿切除+肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术的6例患儿术中出血(500.0±125.0)mL,术后住院(11.0±4.2)d;1例行胆总管空肠端侧吻合术患儿术中出血200.0 mL,术后出现吻合口瘘,术后住院24 d,6个月后行二期手术,术中失血200.0 mL,术后住院7 d;7例未行手术治疗,其中4例为IVA型。40例获随访20~110个月(中位随访时间60个月),其中35例行手术治疗患儿均恢复良好,5例未行手术治疗患儿中3例(60.0%)症状反复发作,1例因反复发作胆管炎死亡。结论:MRCP诊断CBD的准确率高,且能显示有无PBM及PBM类型,术中可根据MRCP显示的胰胆管汇合部位而避免损伤胰管并完全切除病变胆管,可作为诊断CBD的首选方法;董氏分型有助于手术方式的选择,为部分IVA型患者提供合理的手术方式。     

先天性胆管囊肿28例分析

目的:总结先天性胆管囊肿的诊治经验.方法:28例全部经手术治疗.囊肿-十二指肠吻合术2例,分别于术后8年、15年改行胆管-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术;囊肿-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术2例;3例先行外引流术,待病情好转后行囊肿切除、胆管-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术;2例行左肝外侧叶切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术;19例行一期囊肿切除、胆管-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术.结果:随访25例,成人型4例及儿童型18例术后情况良好,1例于术后第10年因囊肿癌变死亡,2例术后经常有胆管炎发作.结论:先天性胆管囊肿应尽早手术治疗,手术方式应根据囊肿的类型来选择,Ⅰ、Ⅳ型采用囊肿全切除,肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术效果最佳.     

成人先天性胆总管囊肿的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨成人先天性胆总管囊肿的诊断及手术疗效.方法 回顾性分析1997年1月至2010年12月南京医科大学第一附属医院手术治疗的58例成人先天性胆管囊肿患者的临床资料.术前采用B超、CT、MRCP和ERCP检查,确诊后根据Todani分型决定手术方式.计量资料采用t检验;计数或等级资料采用x2检验.结果 58例患者中,术前腹部B超、CT、MRCP和ERCP检查确诊率分别为78％ (45/58)、92％(23/25)、9/9和5/5.手术治疗方式为开腹胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术41例(其中2例为腹腔镜中转开腹手术);腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术8例;胰十二指肠切除术3例(其中1例联合肝部分切除术);胆总管囊肿并部分肝叶切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术2例;胆囊切除+胆总管探查术2例;左半肝切除术1例;因肿瘤晚期行囊肿外引流术1例.胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y术中,开腹手术与腹腔镜手术平均手术时间分别为(235±70) min和(320±50) min,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(=3.157,P＜0.05);术后并发症发生率分别为18％(7/39)和3/8,两者比较,差异无统计学意义(x2 =1.515,P＞0.05);术后平均住院时间分别为(10.0±2.3)d和(12.6±6.6)d,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.162,P＜0.05).术后病理检查发现患者癌变率为10％(6/58).全组患者无围手术期死亡,手术并发症发生率为24％(t4/58).随访1～15年,良性病变患者无严重远期并发症;6例癌变患者中4例于术后1年内死亡,另2例已分别生存3年和5年.结论 成人先天性胆总管囊肿影像学诊断首选腹部B超检查,MRCP检查是诊断金标准.患者确诊后应尽早手术治疗,首选术式为完整胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术.     

婴儿胆道扩张症伴胆道发育不良的手术治疗

目的 探讨巨大胆总管囊肿伴胆道发育不良症患儿的诊断和手术难点.方法 回顾性分析胆道扩张症患儿278例,其中3例伴有肝外巨大囊肿的胆道发育不良症患儿.本组患儿术中都进行胆道造影检查,了解肝内、外胆管通畅情况以及肝内胆管扩张情况;术中行肝脏活检,行囊肿切除术,术中放置肝总管支架管,并行肝总管-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合手术. 结果 3例患儿手术年龄在1～2个月之间,术中造影显示囊肿较巨大,左、右肝管发育较细且与肝内相通,有黄色胆汁流出.切开囊肿时有1例损伤肝总管,行肝总管修补手术,并行肝总管部位囊肿成型术,再行肝门-空肠吻合术.3例患儿术后无吻合口狭窄和结石形成;肝活检病理证实有通畅胆管,但胆管数量减少,未见类似胆道闭锁的胆管增生以及胆栓形成.术后随访1～5年,未见黄疸发生,超声显示无肝内胆管扩张.结论 术中胆道造影检查非常必要,如遇囊肿巨大,左、右肝管较细,切开囊肿时应小心,切口位置选择在胆囊管水平以下,勿损伤肝管,造成吻合困难,吻合时放置支架管对于早期胆汁引流意义重大.     

成人Ⅰ型胆总管囊肿的诊治体会

目的探讨成人Ⅰ型胆总管囊肿的诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析1997年1月至2004年7月期间收治的8例成人Ⅰ型胆总管囊肿的临床资料。结果5例行胆总管囊肿全切除、Roux-en-Y肝管空肠吻合术；2例行囊肿部分切除、Roux-en-Y囊肿空肠吻合术；1例行囊肿部分切除、Roux-en-Y肝管空肠吻合术，术中常规行胆道镜检查，无一例手术死亡。8例患者术后平均随访2．8年（1～7年），未发现胆道恶性肿瘤。1例行囊肿部分切除的患者，在术后出现3次右上腹绞痛，1次急性胆管炎表现，均经支持、对症、抗感染等治疗后好转。结论成人Ⅰ型胆总管囊肿的诊断主要依靠B超、逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）或磁共振胆胰管造影（MRCP）检查，囊肿全切除、Roux-en-Y肝管空肠吻合是安全、有效的手术方式，其疗效比较满意；囊肿部分切除、Roux-en-Y囊肿空肠吻合术虽疗效不及完整囊肿切除令人满意，但对于在技术上难以作到囊肿完全切除者，部分囊肿切除是明智的选择，建议术中常规胆道镜检查。     

不同类型胆管囊肿的手术治疗

目的　总结各种类型胆管囊肿手术治疗的经验。方法　对 5 2例手术治疗的 5种类型胆管囊肿进行回顾性分析。 5 2例中行胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠吻合 3 8例 ;囊肿部分切除、残余囊肿空肠吻合 2例 ;憩室型胆总管囊肿切除、T管支撑引流术 2例 ;胆总管末端囊肿行囊肿空肠吻合 1例 ;肝内科胆管囊肿行肝外胆管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Y型吻合 4例 ;肝叶或肝方叶切除、肝管空肠吻合 5例 ;结果　 5 2例均治愈出院。 45例随访 4个月～ 17年 ,42例恢复良好。结论　胆管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux en Y吻合术为治疗胆管囊肿的首选术式。掌握各类型囊肿切除的适应证、切除方法和胆道重建内引流的原则是提高手术疗效的关键。     

肝管十二指肠吻合粘膜乳头成型术的临床与实验研究

目的验证肝管十二指肠吻合粘膜乳头成型术的抗返流作用.方法16只犬被分为3组A组行肝管十二指肠吻合粘膜乳头成型术;B组行胆囊空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术胆支肠管加抗返流套叠瓣;C组行单纯胆囊空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术.术后测量3种术式的胆道顺流压和逆流压.临床上采用囊肿切除,肝管十二指肠吻合粘膜乳头成型术治疗13例胆总管囊肿患儿.结果A组的逆流压明显高于B、C组(P＜0.01).临床治疗13例患儿,术后2周有1例出现胆道积气,4年后出现胆道返流症状并发胆管结石,余12例经3.5～7.5年随访,无任何不适的症状.结论肝管十二指肠吻合粘膜乳头成型术具有并发症少及抗返流作用强等优点.     

先天性胆总管囊肿手术治疗经验

目的：总结先天性胆总管囊肿的手术治疗经验。方法：对194例先天性胆总管囊肿的手术治疗经验进行回顾性分析。结果：194例均行囊肿切除,胆道重建术：（1）肝管十二指肠吻合术4例;（2）间置空肠肝管十二指肠吻合术（人工乳头）15例;（3）间置胆囊肝管十二指肠吻合术4例;（4）肝管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术171例。本组190例术后恢复顺利,手术死亡4例（2．06％）。结论：囊肿可使胆汁流入胰管内并发胰腺炎,囊肿易癌变,囊肿可形成盲袋和死腔易形成结石,故囊肿切除胆道重建术是治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的最佳选择。尽管胆道建术式较多,但以肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术是胆道重建术的一种理想手术。     

先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术的原因分析及治疗

目的 探讨先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术的原因及治疗方法.方法 对41例先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术患者的临床资料进行总结分析.结果 按先天性胆总管囊肿Todani分型,41例中Ⅰ型32例,Ⅱ型1例,Ⅳ型3例,Ⅴ型5例(其中1例呈弥漫性左右肝分布).既往有1次胆道手术史者30例,2次者8例,3次者3例.41例中合并有胆管结石40例,胆道感染33例,肝门部胆管狭窄7例,原胆肠吻合口狭窄6例,囊肿癌变5例.本次行切除肝外胆管囊肿、肝管空肠Boux-en-Y吻合术者32例,其中2例囊肿癌变者同时行肝十二指肠韧带骨骼化和区域淋巴结清扫术;行肝叶切除联合胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术者8例;行胆肠吻合口狭窄切开成形、胆肠内引流重建术1例.41例术后均获随访,随访时间3个月至10年,平均53.7±32.1个月,随访期内发生胆道感染4例,无吻合口狭窄或结石复发等并发症发生.结论 胆总管囊肿术式选择不当及诊断失误导致的多种并发症是导致再手术的主要原因,肝内外胆管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术可取得较为满意的疗效.     

先天性胆管囊肿诊治经验（附80例报告）

目的:探讨先天性胆管囊肿的诊断及治疗方法.方法:回顾分析我院7年来80例先天性胆管囊肿的临床资料.结果:诊断方法包括腹部超声、CT、MRCP及ERCP,术前误诊1例.80例中合并癌变者10例,癌变率为12.5%.与良性病变相比,恶性肿瘤组病例与男性、高龄、黄疸、高胆红素水平及引流手术史等因素相关(P<0.05).行胆总管囊肿切除加肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术72例;囊肿外引流术2例;胰十二指肠切除术2例;囊肿并肝叶切除加肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合5例.80例均治愈出院.随访8个月～7年,良性病变组无严重长期并发症;10例合并恶性病变中8例于术后数月内死亡,2例生存至今.结论:先天性胆管囊肿合并恶性肿瘤者预后较差.肝功能差、有过引流手术史的老龄男性,应高度怀疑恶变的可能.术前确诊多有赖于影像学方法.一经确诊,应尽早手术治疗.首选术式为囊肿切除加肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术.     

An adult choledochal cyst—the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography findings: Report of a case

We herein report an unusual adult patient with a congenital choledochal cyst. A 28-year-old woman presented with recurrent episodes of abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant. Abdominal ultrasonography showed fusiform dilatation of the common bile duct without any obstruction. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) were performed to make a precise diagnosis. No abnormal pancreatobiliary junction was detected on ERCP. The MRCP images more clearly defined the type and extent of the choledochal cyst as observed at surgery. The cyst and gallbladder were excised and a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was performed. We also reviewed the relevant English literature and concluded that MRCP offers diagnostic information that is equivalent or superior to that of ERCP for the evaluation of type I choledochal cysts in adults and because this modality is noninvasive, it should therefore be the preferred imaging technique for an examination of adult patients with choledochal cysts.     

磁共振胆胰管成像在决定胆源性胰腺炎胆道探查中的指导作用

目的　探讨胆源性胰腺炎中磁共振胆胰管成像 (MRCP)在决定胆道探查中的作用。方法　回顾性分析 1995～ 2 0 0 2年间两阶段胆源性胰腺炎行胆道探查的病例资料 :1995～ 1999年 46例无MRCP检查 ,术前B超提示胆囊结石、胆总管结石及胆管扩张 ;2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 2年 3 0例术前经MRCP检查提示胆囊结石、胆总管结石及胆管扩张或胆总管下段狭窄。结果　第一阶段术中探查及术后T管造影显示无结石 ,无胆总管下段梗阻或十二指肠乳头狭窄 2 8例 (60 .9% ) ;第二阶段术中探查及术后T管造影显示无结石 ,无胆总管下段梗阻或十二指肠乳头狭窄 7例 (2 3 .3 % )。第二阶段经MRCP指导的胆道探查阴性率较第一阶段明显为低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　胆源性胰腺炎应严格掌握胆道探查指征 ,术前MRCP检查可显著降低术中胆总管探查阴性率 ,MRCP有助于判断胆源性胰腺炎是否需行胆道探查。     

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography as a diagnostic tool for common bile duct stones: a comparison with ERCP and clinical follow-up

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The diagnostic potential of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography (MRCP) has improved as a result of evolving technique. MRCP has the advantage of negligible morbidity and mortality in contrast to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). This study was performed to evaluate MRCP as a replacement for diagnostic ERCP for the suspicion of common bile duct (CBD) stones. METHODS: From 1998 to 2001, MRCP was performed in 202 patients with a suspicion of CBD stones based on medical history (MH), cholestatic liver function tests (CL), both MH and CL or other reasons. ERCP was performed in all patients where MRCP indicated the presence of CBD stones and in those patients with a persistent strong clinical suspicion for CBD stones despite a negative MRCP. RESULTS: In 25 patients, MRCP suggested CBD stones which were proven with ERCP in 24 patients. Despite a negative MRCP, 27 patients had a subsequent ERCP. None of these patients appeared to have CBD stones. In this group, MRCP resulted in 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity in detecting CBD stones. Follow-up of all patients revealed 5 more patients with persistent clinical suspicion or cholestatic liver function values. Assuming CBD stones in these patients, MRCP had a sensitivity of 83 % and a specificity of 99% for this diagnosis. CONCLUSION: In the case of CBD stone suspicion, MRCP should be the diagnostic procedure of choice.     

成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症的临床分析

目的:探讨成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症的诊断及治疗。方法:回顾性分析1996年1月—2012年5月收治的53例成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症患者的临床资料。结果:53例患者均行手术治疗,Ia,Ib,Ic型39例和II型4例行囊肿完整切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,另3例Ia型行囊肿大部分切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术;IVa型1例行肝左外叶切除、囊肿完整切除、胆管成形、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,另1例行囊肿完整切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术;V型1例行左肝内胆管囊肿切除术;2例癌变患者,其中1例行癌变囊肿切除、局部转移淋巴结清扫术,1例行囊肿切除、左肝内胆管肿瘤切除术。53例手术患者中获随访42例,随访时间为6个月至3年,良性患者情况良好;2例癌变患者,1例术后生存26个月,死于肿瘤复发,多系统器官功能衰竭,1例术后26个月肿瘤复发,肝转移,再次手术行左半肝切除、S5(第V段肝脏)切除、肝肠吻合术,术后2个月出现肿瘤进展,死于多系统器官功能衰竭。结论:成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症的手术方式选择与治疗效果密切相关,不同的临床分型应选择不同的手术方式。     

Highly resolved free-breathing magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in the diagnostic workup of pancreaticobiliary diseases in infants and young children--initial experiences

Purpose

A new generation of magnetic resonance imaging scanner offers a 3-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) with very high spatial resolution using a non-breath-hold technique with prospective navigator gating. The study aimed to investigate the new technology of the MRCP in infants with suspected pancreaticobiliary diseases.

Methods

Seven patients (4 girls, 3 boys; mean age, 2.8 years; range, 3 months to 5.6 years) were examined. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging examination using a 1.5-T whole-body scanner (Magnetom Avanto, Siemens Medical, Erlangen, Germany). For MRCP, a heavily T2-weighted (time to echo, 678 ms) 3-dimensional turbo spin echo in coronal plane was performed with the voxel size of 1 × 1 × 1.5 mm. To enable non-breath-holding imaging, a diaphragm navigator sequence was simultaneously carried out. The MRCP findings were compared prospectively with the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and/or with the surgical findings in 6 of 7 cases. In 1 patient, the follow-up was considered reference standard.

Results

The high spatial resolution of the images without breathing artifacts allowed an excellent demonstration of all relevant pancreaticobiliary ducts and of the pathologic findings. All patients (n = 4) with choledocholithiasis were identified through MRCP. The finding of a high pancreaticobiliary junction (n = 3) was confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in all cases. The length of the common channel ranged from 16 to 24 mm. In 1 patient, the long common channel was associated with a choledochal cyst. In a 1.7-year-old boy with recurrent abdominal pain and mild pancreatitis, the rare case of a gastric duplication with connection to the main pancreatic duct was diagnosed. A regular gastric wall with normal mucosa and parts of the duodenal wall with a circular layer of muscle (pylorus-like) were found in histology after surgical resection of the mass.

Conclusion

The newly developed technique may be a reliable tool in the workup of pancreaticobiliary diseases in infants.     

MRCP与ERCP在慢性胰腺炎中的诊断价值

目的 评价ERCP和MRCP在慢性胰腺炎诊断中的应用价值。方法 回顾分析1993年1月至2001年5月我院收治的经临床表现、影像学及病理检查确诊的慢性胰腺炎262例，其中同时行ERCP和MRCP检查120例。结果 120例慢性胰腺炎病人中经ERCP检查发现胰、胆管病变并确诊慢性胰腺炎108例，准确率为90％；经MRCP发现胰、胆管狭窄、扩张，结石等病变并诊断慢性胰腺炎106例，准确率为88.3%，统计分析两者无显著意义（P＝0.678）；ERCP和MRCP同时提示胰、胆管病变并确诊慢性胰腺炎96例，诊断符合率为81.4%；ERCP同MRCP相结合诊断慢性胰腺炎118例，诊断准确率为98.3%；ERCP和MRCP造影成功率均为1005％，未发生严重的并发症。结论 ERCP和MRCP在诊断慢性胰腺炎中有很好的相关性。两种诊断方法这间统计分析无显著差异，两种检查方法相结合几科能完全确诊慢性胰腺炎。而且ERCP除诊断作用之外，还兼有治疗作用，对一般状况较好，有ERCP绝对适应证者应首选ERCP检查。     

胆总管继发结石病人胆囊管形态的变化

目的 分析胆囊结石继发胆道结石病例胆囊管结构的特点,为腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆道探查术提供术式判断的指证.方法 回顾性分析108例腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆囊切除加胆管探查术病例的术前影像检查结果,同时结合术中胆囊管形态、直径和扩张的情况,分析胆囊管结构变化特点.结果 术前B超检查显示108例病人均有胆囊结石,胆总管扩张75例,胆囊管扩张21例,胆总管结石76例.磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)检查发现胆总管扩张81例,有明显结石图像的52例,胆囊管扩张36例,发现9例胆囊管异位走行.CT检查显示胆总管扩张45例,有明显结石影的42例,胆囊管扩张19例.胆囊管有明显扩张的病例中,胆囊管和胆总管之间的夹角多呈钝角(22/24例);此夹角呈锐角的病例胆囊管扩张的少(2/28).胆囊管扩张明显的病例胆囊管形态常短粗(24/24),胆囊管细长的病例中胆囊管扩张的少.结论 MRCP对胆囊管的形态和走行有明显的判断和指导作用.胆囊管和胆总管之间的夹角呈钝角,胆囊管短粗的病例,其胆囊管扩张明显.     

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography accurately predicts the presence or absence of choledocholithiasis

Accurate common bile duct (CBD) imaging in patients with biliary calculi is an important determinant of specific therapy. Noninvasive methods to evaluate calculi in the CBD have limited accuracy and rely mainly on ultrasonography and computed tomography. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a new noninvasive modality available to evaluate the biliary system. This study was undertaken to assess the accuracy of MRCP in predicting the presence or absence of CBD stones in patients at increased risk for choledocholithiasis. The medical records of 48 patients with a final diagnosis of biliary calculous disease undergoing MRCP between November 1995 and April 1997 were retrospectively reviewed. Three groups were identified: choledocholithiasis (n = 19), gallstone pancreatitis (n = 11), and uncomplicated cholelithiasis (n = 18). In all patients the presence or absence of CBD calculi, as determined by MRCP, was correlated with the final diagnosis obtained from endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (n = 19), intraoperative cholangiography (n = 6), CBD exploration (n = 13), or clinical follow-up (n = 10). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRCP were determined. The major clinical indications for MRCP in the 48 patients ware abnormal liver function tests followed by hyperamylasemia. Twenty patients were diagnosed with CBD stones and 28 were not. MRCP correctly predicted the presence of CBD stones in 19 of 20 patients and failed to detect CBD stones in one patient with gallstone pancreatitis. MRCP incorrectly predicted the presence of CBD stones in 3 of 28 patients ultimately found to have gallstones and no CBD stones. MRCP correctly predicted the absence of CBD stones in the other 25 patients including 10 patients with gallstone pancreatitis. Overall, MRCP had a sensitivity of 95%, a specificity of 89%, and an accuracy of 92%. MRCP is an accurate, noninvasive test for evaluating the CBD duct for the presence or absence of calculi in patients suspected of having CBD stones. Our data support the use of MRCP in the preoperative evaluation of these patients as findings may influence therapeutic decisions. Presented at the Thirty-Eighth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Washington, D.C., May 11–14, 1997.     

Role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the management of suspected choledocholithiasis

BACKGROUND: Indications for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are not precisely defined. With the increasing availability of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and several prospective studies proving the accuracy of this modality, it is important to select appropriate criteria for invasive testing when common bile duct (CBD) pathology is suspected. METHODS: We reviewed 200 consecutive ERCPs performed for jaundice, pancreatitis, noninvasive visualization of CBD stones, radiologic evidence of CBD dilatation, elevated liver function tests, or biliary colic. Diagnostic and therapeutic yields are determined for each indication and various combinations thereof. RESULTS: Of the 180 ERCPs performed for suspected choledocholithiasis, 97 (53.8%) were performed for multiple indications, whereas 83 (46.2%) were performed for only one indication. One hundred two patients (56.6%) had CBD pathology, whereas 78 explorations (43.4%) were negative. If multiple indications for ERCP were present, the diagnostic yield was 85.6%. When there was only one indication, the diagnostic yield decreased to 25.3%. CONCLUSIONS: ERCP is an invasive procedure with significant morbidity that should be used selectively. MRCP may be a more appropriate initial evaluation of suspected CBD pathology in many patients.