100例儿童发热待查的临床分析

目的探讨上海及其周围地区儿童不明原因发热的病因，诊断方法及思路。方法将100例自1999年2月--2004年11月在上海儿童医学中心内科住院治疗的发热待查患儿分为小于5岁组（36例）和大于5岁组（64例），进行回顾性分析。结果男64例，女36例，平均年龄6．5岁（35d～14岁）。〈5岁组中感染性疾病29例（80．5％），结缔组织病2例（5．6％），恶性肿瘤、先天性疾病各1例，另有3例（8．3％）未明确诊断。大于5岁组中感染性疾病32例（50％），结缔组织疾病17例（26．6％），恶性肿瘤4例（6．2％），其他疾病1例，病因未明10例（15．6％）。结论感染性疾病，结缔组织疾病，恶性肿瘤是儿童发热待查的主要原因。而感染性疾病是儿童发热待查的最主要原因。其中以呼吸道感染为首位。结缔组织疾病在学龄儿童发病率显著提高。     

100例儿童发热待查的临床分析

目的探讨上海及其周围地区儿童不明原因发热的病因,诊断方法及思路。方法将100例自1999年2月~2004年11月在上海儿童医学中心内科住院治疗的发热待查患儿分为小于5岁组(36例)和大于5岁组(64例),进行回顾性分析。结果男64例,女36例,平均年龄6.5岁(35 d~14岁)。<5岁组中感染性疾病29例(80.5%),结缔组织病2例(5.6%),恶性肿瘤、先天性疾病各1例,另有3例(8.3%)未明确诊断。大于5岁组中感染性疾病32例(50%),结缔组织疾病17例(26.6%),恶性肿瘤4例(6.2%),其他疾病1例,病因未明10例(15.6%)。结论感染性疾病,结缔组织疾病,恶性肿瘤是儿童发热待查的主要原因,而感染性疾病是儿童发热待查的最主要原因。其中以呼吸道感染为首位,结缔组织疾病在学龄儿童发病率显著提高。     

317例儿童不明原因发热的临床分析

目的：探讨儿童不明原因发热(FUO)的病因,诊断方法和思维方式。方法：回顾性地总结分析1996年1月至2000年12月符合FUO诊断标准的住院患儿317例。结果：317例中明确诊断有298例,确诊率为94.0%。感染性疾病160例(53.7%),非感染性疾病138例(46.3%),两者之比为1.15∶1。最终确定诊断的方法分别为：临床综合诊断140例(47.0%);血清和骨髓细菌培养检查64例(21.5%);组织活检37例(12.4%);影像学检查35例(11.7%);尸体解剖11例(3.7%);骨髓形态学确诊6例(1.9%);回顾性诊断5例(1.7%)。结论：根据临床经过和必要的实验室检查大部分FUO病例可以明确病因诊断,病理学检查对疑难病例的诊断提供重要依据,极少数病人最终只能依赖尸检明确诊断。感染性疾病、结缔组织病和恶性肿瘤性疾病是该组FUO的主要原因。     

儿童不明原因发热357例病因及临床特征分析

目的探讨儿童不明原因发热的病因分布及临床特征, 为儿童不明原因发热的早期诊断提供线索。方法收集2016年1月1日至2020年12月31日复旦大学附属儿科医院357例不明原因发热患儿的病因构成、年龄、性别、病程、住院时间、确诊时间及急性期的炎症因子水平等临床资料行病例对照分析。依据疾病种类分为感染性疾病组(简称感染组)、非感染性炎症性疾病组(简称非感染组)、肿瘤性疾病组(简称肿瘤组)和其他疾病组(简称其他组)。依据年龄分为<1岁组, 1～<3岁组、3～<6岁组、6～<12岁组及12～<18岁组, 组间比较采用Mann-WhitneyU检验、Kruskal-WallisH检验和χ2检验。结果 357例患儿中男217例、女140例, 就诊年龄5.1(2.0, 9.3)岁, 起病年龄3.9(1.3, 9.2)岁, 确诊时间94(66, 213)d, 住院时间8(6, 14)d。感染组163例(45.7%)、非感染组133例(37.2%)、肿瘤组21例(5.9%), 其他组40例(11.2%), 4组间起病年龄差异有统计意义(H=94.01, P<0.01),...     

不明原因长期发热的临床分析

目的 探讨不明原因长期发热患儿的病因及诊断方法。方法 回顾性地总结分析符合ＦＵＯ诊断标准的患儿１１８例。结果 １１８例中晚期诊断有１０７例,确诊率为９０．７５,未能确诊１１例,确诊病例中,感染性疾病３３例,结缔组织病４４例,肿瘤及瘤样病１４例,其他疾病１３例,伪装热３例。最终确定诊断的方法分别为;血清学和细菌学检查７５例,占７０．０％;组织活检１３例,占１２．１％;骨髓检查９例,占８４％,影像学检     

长期发热儿童126例临床分析

目的探讨长期发热儿童的病因构成及诊断方法。 方法山东省立医院儿科于2001年1月1日至2002年12月31日,将以长期发热收入院的126例患儿按年龄分为<3岁(43例)、3~6岁(33例)、>6岁(50例)三组,进行回顾性分析。 结果126例有113例最终确立诊断,确诊率为897%。<3岁组43例中,感染性疾病28例(651%,28/43),其中呼吸道感染19例(679%,19/28);风湿性疾病6例(140%,6/43),肿瘤性疾病3例(70%,3/43)。3~6岁组33例中,感染性疾病15例(455%,15/33),其中呼吸道感染6例(400%,6/15);风湿性疾病9例(273%,9/33),肿瘤性疾病5例(152%,5/33)。>6岁组50例中,感染性疾病24例(480%,24/50),其中呼吸道感染18例(750%,18/24);风湿性疾病11例(220%,11/50),肿瘤性疾病4例(80%,4/50)。在确诊的113例中,依据临床经过和常规实验室检查作出诊断77例(681%),依据骨髓检查确诊16例(142%),依据影像学检查(B超、CT、MRI)确诊15例(133%),依据组织活检确诊5例(44%)。 结论长期发热的主要原因为感染性疾病、风湿性疾病和肿瘤性疾病,其中感染性疾病最常见,且主要是呼吸道感染。依靠临床经过和必要的实验室及辅助检查可以明确多数长期发热患儿的病因,其中血沉具有十分重要的意义,必要时做骨髓检查、影像学检查及组织活检等检查,对一些长期发热的疑难病例的诊断是必不可少的。     

不明原因长期发热128例病因分析

目的：探讨不明原因长期发热(FUO)患儿的病因。方法：回顾性总结分析在该院住院符合FUO诊断标准的患儿128例。结果：明确病因者116例,确诊率90.6%,病因未明者12例,占9.4%。确诊病例中,感染性疾病59例,占50.9%;结缔组织病36例,占31.0%;肿瘤性疾病11例,占9.5%;其它疾病10例,占8.6%,其中坏死性淋巴结炎5例,占4.3%。结论：根据临床经过和必要辅助检查可明确FUO中的大多数病例的病因诊断。     

C反应蛋白对不明原因发热儿童严重细菌感染诊断价值的系统评价

目的 系统评价CRP对不明原因发热儿童严重细菌感染的诊断价值。方法 检索Medline、EMBASE、Cochrane图书馆、维普中文科技期刊数据库、中国知网、万方数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库,纳入CRP对不明原因发热儿童严重细菌感染诊断价值的文献,检索时间均为建库至2012年10月。采用QUADAS量表对纳入文献进行质量评估,使用MetaDisc 1.4软件对纳入文献进行异质性检验及Meta分析。结果 初检到314篇文献,7篇文献符合纳入标准进入系统评价（n=2 179）。6篇为前瞻性研究,1篇为回顾性研究。CRP的最适界值为30~91 mg·L-1。严重细菌感染的患病率为1.7%~29.3%。4篇文献采用多变量Logistic回归分析显示,CRP是严重细菌感染独立的预测因素。报道敏感度和特异度文献间具有高度的异质性,采用描述性分析,CRP不同最适界值诊断严重细菌感染的敏感度为33%~89%,特异度为75%~97%。报道阳性似然比和阴性似然比的文献间具中度异质性,采用随机效应模式合并,合并阳性似然比为4.43 （95%CI：3.49~5.63）,阴性似然比为0.39（95%CI：0.29~0.54）。SROC曲线下面积为0.85,Q指数为0.78。结论 在以不明原因发热就诊的婴幼儿中,CRP对严重细菌感染具有中等的诊断价值,应用时尚需结合临床表现及其他实验室检查指标。     

第121例--发热待查

患儿男,3岁4个月,因“反复发热、咳嗽18d”入院。咳嗽轻,无痰,发热呈中低热,最高38．5℃,无寒颤,无抽搐,无大汗淋漓,无呕吐腹泻,无皮疹及皮肤出血点,亦无关节疼痛及骨痛,不伴尿频、尿急、尿痛,精神、食欲欠佳,活动尚可,在家一直口服抗生素效果不显著。入院时查体：体温36．8℃．脉搏120次／min,呼吸38次／min,体重14kq,     

小儿发热待查严重疾病识别的前瞻性研究

目的 评价用简易临床参数识别发热原因待查（ＦＵＯ）患儿严重疾病的敏感性。方法 用５项临床参数（每项参数计１分）对每个ＦＵＯ住院患儿进行前瞻性观察。结果 累计观察ＦＵＯ患儿１２８例,病种有严重疾病、感染、全身炎症反应综合征等。入院时评分０分者３６例,有２例为严重疾病,严重疾病阴性预报率９４．４％,而入院时分数≥１分者５９例,严重疾病阳性预报率６４％,比阴性预报率低（Ｐ〈０．０１）;分数越高,阳性预报     

C-反应蛋白、血沉、乳酸脱氢酶及血清铁蛋白联合检测对儿童发热待查病因诊断价值的探讨

目的探讨C-反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及血清铁蛋白(SF)联合检测对发热待查患儿病因诊断的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析热程2周以上的发热待查住院患儿154例的临床资料,并根据出院诊断分为感染组(n=54)、风湿组(n=67)、恶性肿瘤组(简称为肿瘤组,n=33),对3组患儿血清CRP、ESR、LDH及SF 4项指标的均值进行比较,并通过ROC曲线分析其单独及联合检测对发热待查患儿病因的诊断价值。结果感染组、风湿组、肿瘤组3组患儿血清CRP和ESR均升高,其中风湿组升高最明显;血清LDH在肿瘤组升高最明显;SF在风湿组和肿瘤组均明显升高。LDH对风湿性疾病、CRP和ESR对恶性肿瘤诊断的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)0.7(P0.05)。CRP诊断感染和风湿性疾病的AUC分别为0.861、0.782;ESR诊断感染和风湿性疾病的AUC分别为0.770、0.743;LDH诊断感染和恶性肿瘤的AUC、灵敏度、特异度及约登指数均较低;SF诊断感染的AUC、灵敏度、约登指数均为最高,但特异度最低;SF诊断风湿性疾病的AUC、灵敏度、特异度、约登指数都较高;SF诊断恶性肿瘤的AUC较低。4项指标联合检测对诊断风湿性疾病和恶性肿瘤的AUC、灵敏度、特异度比单独检测时高。结论在发热待查患儿的病因诊断中,CRP、ESR、LDH及SF对初步诊断风湿性疾病有一定临床意义,对感染性疾病和恶性肿瘤的诊断和鉴别价值有限;4项指标联合检测对发热待查患儿的病因诊断价值优于单独检测。     

Hyper-reactive malarial splenomegaly: Rare cause of pyrexia of unknown origin

Hyper-reactive malarial splenomegaly (HMS) or Tropical splenomegaly syndrome (TSS), occurs in areas of high transmission of malaria. These children usually presents with gross splenomegaly and abdominal discomfort, while fever is not the usual manifestation in majority of them. It is a disease of young adults and rarely reported below 8 years of age. Here it is reported a three-year-old child who presented as pyrexia of unknown origin with hepatosplenomegaly, diagnosed as HMS.     

Kaposi's sarcoma of the bone marrow presenting with fever of unknown origin

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has become more common in the United States with the spread of the Acquired Imunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. The epidemic form associated with AIDS involves primarily skin and visceral organs. Bone marrow involvement is rare. We present a case of Kaposi's sarcoma that was diagnosed upon bone marrow biopsy, without skin or visceral involvement, that presented with fever of unknown origin which responded to indomethacin and anti-KS chemotherapy. Kaposi's sarcoma of the bone marrow should be considered in the differential of febrile illness of unknown origin in patients with AIDS. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

National survey of childhood febrile illness cases with fever of unknown origin in Japan

Background: In Japan, an actual condition survey on childhood febrile diseases with fever of unknown origin has never been performed. We carried out a national survey on childhood febrile illnesses in order to collect useful information for the differential diagnosis. Methods: A nationwide survey using questionnaires was performed on febrile illness cases with fever of unknown origin (FUO) experienced by 2843 pediatrics institutions with sick beds during a 5‐year period before 2007. FUO was defined as a febrile illness of at least 2 weeks' duration with a temperature ≥38°C, and failure to establish a diagnosis in spite of intensive evaluation during seven days' hospitalization. Results: Two hundred fifty‐five of 2843 questionnaire‐surveyed institutions had 960 FUO cases, of which 132 could not be diagnosed, and 828 could be diagnosed after detailed medical examinations. The diagnoses they clarified included infectious diseases in 190 cases (23%), rheumatic diseases in 448 cases (54%), neoplasms in 67 cases (8%), and others in 123 cases (15%). Conclusion: Clarification of illnesses that ought to be differentiated in the diagnostic approach to an FUO case is essential for arriving at its definitive diagnosis by exclusion.     

Tumors of unknown origin

Tumors of unknown origin (TUOs) account for 3% of cancers and represent the eighth-most common cancer diagnosis. Although TUOs are commonly classified by their histological presentation, examination of the location of the metastases is equally important. When the histological type and location of metastases are both known, a finite number of common clinical syndromes emerge and one can predict the most common occult primaries.     

Fever of unknown origin in 185 paediatric patients: a single-centre experience

Aim: We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the causes and outcome in children with fever of unknown origin (FUO). Methods: From 1990 to 1999, 185 children with FUO were evaluated. Initial evaluation included routine haematological analysis, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology, urine, stool or blood cultures, chest X-ray and tuberculin probe. Results: In 131 (70%) patients diagnosis was established, and 70 (37.8%) had infectious disease. EBV infection was the most common infection followed by visceral leishmaniasis (VL), urinary tract infection (UTI) and tuberculosis. Autoimmune disorders were diagnosed in 24 (12.9%), Kawasaki disease in 12 (6.4%), malignant diseases in 12 (6.4%) and miscellaneous conditions in 15 (8.1%) patients. In the remaining 54 (30%) patients, diagnosis was not established and most of them had self-limited disease. During the investigation, 26 (14%) patients developed serious organ dysfunction and five patients (two with virus-associated haemophagocytic syndrome, one with VL and two unknown) died.

Conclusion: The most important infectious causes of FUO in our study were EBV infection and VL. Kawasaki disease represented a significant cause of FUO at the beginning of our study because it was not recognized by primary-care physicians. We report myelodysplastic syndrome as another emerging cause of paediatric FUO. Repeated clinical examination and careful use of specific laboratory examinations, invasive diagnostic procedures or imaging are crucial in approaching paediatric FUO.     

Evaluation of 80 children with prolonged fever

BACKGROUND: Several studies have been published regarding the etiology and evaluation of a child with prolonged fever, however, the reasons for the prolonged fever have changed during the years. The present study aims to determine the causes of prolonged fever, to investigate the relationship of fever using some basic laboratory tests, and to establish guidelines for the approach in those children. METHODS: The charts of 80 out of 17490 hospitalized children who were seen between 1996 and 2001 with prolonged fever of longer than 2 weeks and unknown origin were reviewed in the university hospital of Izmir, Turkey. Their charts were evaluated in respect of age, sex, growth curves, educational level of their families, the duration and the magnitude of fever, causes of fever, and basic laboratory investigations such as white blood cell, blood smear, hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein. RESULTS: Forty-four (55.00%) were boys and 36 (45.00%) were girls. Forty-four children (55.00%) were aged between 1 month and 2 years, 21 (26.25%) were aged 3-6 years, seven (8.75%) were aged 7-10 years, and eight (10.00%) were older than 10 years. The mean age was 3.87 +/- 4.17 years (range 3 months-17 years). Forty-six children (57.50%) had a prolonged fever that had lasted from 15-30 days, 18 (22.50%) from 31-60 days, and 16 (20.00%) had fever lasting more than 60 days. Final diagnosis had been reached in 70 of the 80 children (87.50%). The most common causes were infection (47/80), followed by immune deficiency (6/80), collagen tissue disorder (5/80), neoplasia (2/80), and miscellaneous (10/80) such as central fever in three, diabetes insipidus in two, familial Mediterranean fever in two, Kawasaki disease, foreign body in the respiratory system, and Crohn disease in one patient each. Among the laboratory tests white blood cell count, hemoglobin level and blood smear distribution of infection group were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The most common cause of fever of unknown origin remains infection. The proportion of collagen tissue disorders and neoplasia have been found to be decreased. Unusual reasons such as diabetes insipidus and foreign body in the respiratory system in the miscellaneous group have been detected. Age plays important role in the diagnosis of prolonged fever, while some basic laboratory tests might give clues in the evaluation and may suggest a diagnosis.