鳃裂囊肿及其合并症的CT诊断

目的评价鳃裂囊肿及其合并症的CT表现及其诊断价值，提高对此病的认识。方法收集我院CT诊断并经手术证实的鳃裂囊肿15例（第二鳃裂囊肿14例，第三、四鳃裂囊肿1例，合并感染4例，癌变1例），并复习有关文献，对其CT征象进行分析。结果单纯鳃裂囊肿表现为颈鞘外侧区病变，囊内密度均匀，囊壁薄，轻度强化；伴有感染时，囊壁不均匀增厚，强化明显，囊内密度增高，与周围组织有明显的粘连；癌变时囊壁结节样增厚，甚至呈实质性占位，并可侵犯周围组织结构。结论CT可定位定性地诊断鳃裂囊肿，并可提示是否合并有感染，但鳃裂囊肿癌变时诊断困难。     

Branchial cleft cyst

Branchial cleft cysts are benign lesions caused by anomalous development of the brachial cleft. This report describes a 20-year-old girl with swelling on the right lateral aspect of the neck, which expanded slowly but progressively. The clinical suspicion was that of a branchial cleft cyst. Sonography revealed a homogeneously hypo- to anechoic mass with well-defined margins and no intralesional septa. Color Doppler reviewed no internal vascularization. The ultrasound examination confirmed the clinical diagnosis of a second branchial cleft cyst, demonstrating the cystic nature of the mass and excluding the presence of complications. For superficial lesions like these, ultrasound is the first-level imaging study of choice because it is non-invasive, rapid, low-cost, and does not involve exposure to ionizing radiation.     

First branchial cleft sinus with duplicate external auditory canal: A case report

First branchial cleft cysts are rare congenital abnormalities of the lateral neck. These anomalies can be a source of recurrent infection and require surgical excision as definitive treatment. This case report details the diagnosis and treatment of a first branchial cleft sinus with an associated duplicate external auditory canal.     

高频超声对鳃裂囊肿的诊断价值

目的探讨高频超声在诊断鳃裂囊肿中的应用价值。方法回顾分析12例经手术病理证实为鳃裂囊肿的高频超声声像图表现。结果本组患者中11例位于胸锁乳突肌上1/3的前缘,相当于舌骨平面、颈动脉鞘的外侧,1例位于耳前腮腺区。超声表现囊肿大部分外形尚规则,边界清晰或尚清且包膜回声较强,内部回声的多样性与内壁衬里上皮有关。结论高频超声可直接显示鳃裂囊肿的内部结构、大小、形态、回声及血供情况,可作为鳃裂囊肿的首选影像学检查方法。     

Microscopic assisted excision of a rare posterior triangle branchial cyst

Branchial cyst is a painless mass commonly located in the anterior triangle of the neck. It is rarely found in the posterior triangle of the neck. A computed tomography scan of the neck is important to see the extent of the anomaly and its relationship with the major vessel.     

胸腺上方鳃裂囊肿超声表现1例

<正>患者女,16岁,因"发现左颈部包块10 d"入院诊治。体格检查:左侧锁骨上区胸锁乳突肌内侧可扪及一30 mm×20 mm包块,质软,无压痛。超声检查:甲状腺左叶下极下方探及范围约33 mm×20 mm×30 mm的椭圆形团块状中等回声,边界清晰,上方与甲状腺分界清晰,内部回声较均匀,可见局限的无回声区(图1);CDFI:周边可见环绕的血流信号,内部未见明显血流信     

Large thyroglossal duct cyst of the neck mimicking cervical cystic lymphangioma in a neonate: a case report

Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is a congenital neck malformation, with a rate of approximately 7% in paediatric patients. TGDC is rarely detected in infants aged younger than 1 year. Even though TGDC is histologically benign, it is associated with preterm delivery or sudden infant death due to airway obstruction, with a mortality rate of 30% to 40%. We report a rare case of a neonate who presented with a large left lateral neck mass. At 7 to 8 months of gestation, magnetic resonance imaging of the foetal neck showed that there was a high possibility of a cervical cystic lymphangioma. The patient had normal vital signs and was afebrile. She was immediately transferred to our Ear, Nose, and Throat Department for further diagnosis and treatment. A computed tomography scan confirmed a large cystic mass that was positioned against a thyroglossal duct. Excision of the mass in the left neck was performed under general anaesthesia without resecting part of the hyoid bone. A histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a TGDC. Follow-up at 1 year showed no recurrence.     

Tornwaldt's cyst presenting only as occipital headache: a case report

Tornwaldt's cyst (sometimes called Thornwaldt's cyst) is a rare cause of occipital headache. Owing to the rare occurrence of occipital headache as a symptom of Tornwaldt's cyst, if the patient presented only with occipital headache, this clinical symptom may be falsely perceived as a sign of neurologic disease leading to time-consuming diagnostic examinations that delay the establishment of a correct diagnosis.     

Retrorectal dermoid cyst in a male adult: case report

We describe a 48-year-old male patient who presented with rectal fullness and pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomographic studies revealed a noncalcified, unilocular, cystic mass lesion with well-defined borders. On MRI nondependent fat spheres were detected inside the cyst. The same pattern has been described in dermoid cyst of the ovary. We suggest that this MRI pattern is specific to dermoid cysts.     

食管支气管源性囊肿1例

患者男,36岁。数小时前饮酒后出现胸部胀满不适,尔后出现胸闷,胸痛,持续不缓解。CT检查:后下纵隔见一4 cm×6cm软组织密度影,其内可见散在高密度影。CT值范围为14~62 Hu,向邻近一侧肺野突出,食管受压移位。MRI检查:后纵隔心脏水平见类圆形占位,T1WI病变呈等,低信号。T2WI病变呈     

Prenatal diagnosis of choledochal cyst: a case report

Choledochal cyst is one of the intra-abdominal abnormalities of the biliary ducts that present as a cystic mass in the right upper quadrant abdomen. Prenatal diagnosis has been achieved by the demonstration of a connection between a dilated common bile duct and a cystic lesion. In this report, we describe a pregnant woman in whom routine fetal anomaly scan strongly suggested a choledochal cyst at 29 weeks of gestation by demonstrating a round cystic mass in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, completely separated from the stomach, bowel loops, and gall bladder, and which showed a connection with the dilated common bile duct.     

胃壁支气管源性囊肿1例

患者女。50岁．反复上腹痛3个月余。超声提示：胃小弯侧胃外胰腺上方可见大小3．0cm&#215;2．8cm极低回声团，边界清楚，与胰体无分界。超声诊断：胰体上方占位。CT表现：左侧胃底部胃外见-囊性病灶（图1A）．大小约3．5cm&#215;3．4cm&#215;3．3cm．类椭圆形，境界清晰，边缘光滑锐利，膨胀性生长，胃底部胃壁受压内陷，病灶与胃壁不可明显分开，     

小脑蚓部皮样囊肿并感染1例

患者．男，13岁，无明显诱因出现头晕、头痛、行走不稳3个月．偶有非喷射性呕吐。查体双下肢活动可，肌力V级。左侧指鼻实验阳性，轮替实验阳性。     

超声诊断睾丸表皮样囊肿1例

患者男,15岁,因右侧阴囊不适入院。查体:触诊发现睾丸肿块。超声检查示;双侧睾丸大小形态如常,左侧实质回声均匀,于右侧睾丸实质内探及一肿块,大小1.4 cm×1.0 cm,周边为强回声,内部呈“洋葱皮”样改变,即强回声、低回声交替分布的层状结构,彩色多普勒检查显示内未见血流信号。超声提示:右侧睾丸占位性病变:考虑表皮样囊肿。入院后于硬膜外麻醉下行“单纯性睾丸切除手术”,病理结果:睾丸表皮样囊肿,病灶周围的睾丸组织中无畸胎瘤和其他生殖细胞肿瘤成分,无细胞异型性。曲细精管中无IGCNU成分,也无未成熟组织的成分。讨论表皮样囊肿约占睾…     

Perirectal epidermoid cyst in a patient with sacrococcygeal scoliosis and anal sinus: A case report

BACKGROUNDPerirectal epidermoid cysts are rare masses arising from the ectodermal germ cell layer of the hindgut and are predominantly found in middle-aged women. It is often difficult to make an accurate diagnosis of these cysts and it is equally challenging to distinguish it from other developmental cysts. CASE SUMMARYWe report the case of an 18-year-old female patient with a perirectal mass who presented to the hospital with constipation. The patient experienced sacrococcygeal falls and burns on the left buttocks during growth. Three-dimensional computed tomography scans indicated abnormal sacral vertebrae with the sacral canal partially enlarged and opened. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed a 55 mm × 40 mm × 35 mm unilocular cystic mass in the perirectal space and a solitary sinus in the left ischiorectal fossa. The cyst was completely resected posteriorly using the sacrococcygeal approach. The pathology was verified to be an epidermoid cyst. The patient remained recurrence-free after 6 mo of follow-up.CONCLUSIONSuccessful treatment of perirectal epidermoid cysts depends on comprehensive evaluation. This is significant for the surgical approach and prognosis.     

An intraneural ganglion cyst of the ulnar nerve at the wrist: a case report and literature review

BackgroundIntraneural ganglion cysts of the ulnar nerve at the wrist are rare and poorly understood. We report a case of an intraneural ganglion cyst at the level of the wrist.Case presentation: A 48-year-old man presented with the complaints of weakness for 6 months and serious aggravation for 1 month in his right hand. After examinations, including ultrasound, the patient was diagnosed with an intraneural ganglion cyst. Intraoperatively, with exposure of the ulnar nerve, we found that the intraneural ganglion cyst was at the level of Guyon’s canal and extended approximately 6 cm proximally. Postoperatively, sensation of the fingers was normal, but atrophy of his muscles and limited straightening of his ring and little fingers were similar to those preoperatively.ConclusionsDiagnosis of an intraneural cyst before surgery is mostly based on ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Transection of the articular branch is an important measure to prevent recurrence of this cyst. If the ulnar nerve is compressed and causes symptoms, nerve decompression, including removal/aspiration of the cyst, and sometimes external neurolysis of the nerve, are necessary to relieve the symptoms and allow regeneration of the nerve. However, these should be performed without damaging the nerve fascicles.