术中氧合血持续肺动脉灌注对室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压患儿的肺保护作用

目的研究在体外循环手术中使用氧合血进行持续肺动脉灌注对合并肺动脉高压的室间隔缺损患儿的肺保护作用。方法30例室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压的患儿，随机均分为试验组和对照组。均在体外循环下进行室间隔缺损修补手术。试验组在体外循环中采用氧合血持续肺动脉灌注，对照组未行肺动脉灌注。两组患儿在体外循环前，主动脉开放后6、12、24h时抽取动脉血3ml．采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA法）检测丙二醛（MDA）的水平。并抽取动脉血进行血气分析．计算体外循环前．主动脉开放后6、12、24h时的氧合指数（QI），并记录气道峰压和呼吸机辅助时间，进行统计分析。结果试验组术后12、24h的OI高于对照组（P〈0．05），试验组术后6、12h的气道峰压明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。试验组术后呼吸机辅助时间明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。试验组术后6、12、24h时MDA水平均低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论氧合血持续肺动脉灌注能减轻室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压患儿在体外循环中的肺损伤。     

妊娠合并房、室间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压180例临床分析

目的探讨妊娠合并房、室间隔缺损封堵术后与未封堵患者对肺动脉高压发生率及妊娠结局的影响。方法采用回顾性队列研究,选取本院产科2012-2015年妊娠合并房、室间隔封堵术后与未封堵患者各90例,比较肺动脉高压发生率、心功能、围生儿结局等,并进行统计分析。结果封堵术后,孕中晚期肺动脉高压发生率、引产早产发生率、低体重出生儿发生率明显降低;肺动脉高压的轻度组心功能I~Ⅱ级者明显多于重度组,肺动脉高压的重度组心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级者明显多于轻度组,差异具有统计学意义 (P<0.05)。结论房、室间隔缺损封堵术减少孕中晚期肺动脉高压发生率,改善孕产妇心功能状态,确诊后应尽早行缺损封堵术。显多于轻度组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论房、室间隔缺损封堵术减少孕中晚期肺动脉高压发生率,改善孕产妇心功能状态,确诊后应尽早行缺损封堵术。     

PRVC结合NO吸入治疗先天性心脏病术后肺动脉高压

目的观察压力调节容积控制通气(PRVC)联合一氧化氮(NO)吸入对心脏手术后肺动脉高压患者的治疗作用。方法18例心脏手术后肺动脉高压患者随机采用同步间歇指令通气(SIMV)、SIMV+NO、PRVC或PRVC+NO治疗。于治疗前30min及治疗后60min观察血液动力学、气体交换及肺功能改变。结果治疗后60min,SIMV、PRVC组对血流动力学无明显影响;PRVC组肺静态顺应性(Cst)显著增加(P<0·05)。SIMV+NO及PRVC+NO组平均肺动脉压(mPAP)分别由(34±4)mmHg和(38±8)mmHg降至(26±3)mmHg和(21±5)mmHg(P<0·05);PRVC+NO组Cst和氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)显著增加(P<0·05)。结论与SIMV+NO相比,PRVC+NO能进一步降低心脏手术后肺动脉高压患者的mPAP,增加其Cst及PiO2/FiO2。     

围术期使用磷酸肌酸钠在室间隔缺损伴重度肺动脉高压手术患儿中的疗效评价

目的 探讨围术期使用磷酸肌酸钠在室间隔缺损伴重度肺动脉高压（室缺肺高压）手术患儿血流动力学及心功能的影响.方法 根据随机数字表选择2008年1月至2009年6月符合重度肺动脉高压诊断标准的100例室间隔缺损患儿,分为对照组50例,术前常规给予强心、利尿、血管活性药物等;治疗组50例,术上除常规给予前述治疗外,给予注射用磷酸肌酸钠2 g,静脉滴注3 d.结果 2组术前心率、桡动脉收缩压（sAP）、中心静脉压（CVP）、左心室射血分数（EF）、左心室长轴缩短率（FS）、肺动脉压力及氧分压比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.手术后5 d 2组上述各项指标分别与术前相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,治疗较对照组手术患儿血流动力学及心脏功能明显改善,2组术后拔管时间及监护室时间差异有统计学意义[（39±13）h vs （54 ±12）h;（122 ±46）h vs（187 ±62）h]（P＜0.01）.结论 磷酸肌酸钠作为细胞中能量转移的载体,针对室缺肺高压患儿,进行围手术期治疗,术后血流动力学及心功能明显改善,术后恢复时间明显缩短.     

NO治疗新生儿持续肺动脉高压

【摘要】 目的 探讨吸入一氧化氮(NO)联合高频振荡通气（HF0V）治疗新生儿持续性肺动脉高压（PPHN）。方法 30例肺血管痉挛和6例解剖性血管梗阻PPHN患儿,联合高频振荡通气和吸入NO治疗。NO吸入前、后30分钟及24小时监测氧合指数、血气分析、无创血压、SPAP、心率、平均气道压、经皮测血氧饱和度(TcSaO2),NO吸入30分钟及24小时测定高铁血红蛋白(MHb)浓度与NO2浓度。结果 Ⅰ组26例（86.67%）患儿治愈,氧合指数明显改善,且无明显副作用。Ⅱ组患儿治疗无效。 结论 肺血管痉挛型PPHN患儿尽早采用最低有效剂量吸入。≥34周早产PPHN患儿可应用高频振荡通气联合NO吸入治疗有效。     

固尔苏联合高频振荡通气治疗新生儿中重度肺透明膜病的疗效

目的探讨固尔苏联合高频振荡通气(HFOV)治疗新生儿中、重度肺透明膜病的临床价值。方法选择中、重度肺透明膜病新生儿21例,经固尔苏联合HFOV治疗,观察其治疗前后经皮血氧饱和度(TcSaO2)、血气分析指标、氧合指数(OI)的变化及临床疗效。结果 21例新生儿治疗24h后,TcSaO2较治疗前明显上升[(93.13±3.25)%vs.(83.21±3.67)%,P<0.05],PaO2明显上升[(69.31±9.62)mm Hg vs.(44.01±8.51)mm Hg,P<0.05]。而PaCO2迅速(12h后)下降[(42.12±4.71)mm Hg vs.(56.01±8.42)mm Hg,P<0.05]。21例中,治愈16例,死亡3例,放弃治疗2例。结论固尔苏联合HFOV治疗新生儿中、重度肺透明膜病效果佳,病死率低。     

先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压的术后监护治疗

先天性心脏病 (先心病 )合并肺动脉高压 (肺高压 )临床较为常见 ,特别是合并重度肺高压时 ,尽管手术纠治心内畸形较满意 ,但术后常会并发肺高压危象而严重危胁患儿生命 ,这也是心外科医护人员感到非常棘手而需潜心研究的课题 ,本文介绍我院近年经手术治疗的 5 2例先心病合并重度肺高压者的术后监护治疗。1　临床资料本组 5 2例 ,男 34例 ,女 18例 ,年龄 4个月～ 10岁 ,平均 4 .8岁 ,其中≤ 2岁者 32例。术前均经心电图、超声心动图、X线及心血管造影检查 (8例 )明确诊断 ,单纯室间隔缺损 2 5例 ,室间隔缺损合并房间隔缺损 8例 ,室间隔缺损…     

重度中毒性肺水肿应用肺复张策略的疗效评价

目的探讨重度中毒性肺水肿患者在机械通气的同时,使用肺复张治疗的临床效果。方法选择重度中毒性肺水肿患者32例,随机分为肺复张组及对照组,两组均行机械通气治疗,肺复张组在此基础上联合采用压力控制法实施肺复张,观察比较两组治疗效果。结果治疗后两组氧合指数[动脉血氧分压(PaO2)/吸入氧浓度(FiO2)]、PaO2、肺顺应性(Cst)等指标均有所上升,且肺复张组显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。肺复张治疗对患者血流动力学无明显影响,接受肺复张治疗的患者未出现致死性并发症。结论及早应用肺复张策略联合机械通气治疗重度中毒性肺水肿能明确提高抢救成功率,改善患者预后。     

心间隔缺损并双向分流患儿的围术期治疗

目的　提高重症先天性心脏病患儿的成活率。方法　随机选择 32例拟行手术治疗的心间隔缺损并重度肺动脉高压、双向分流的患儿为研究对象。年龄 4个月～ 12岁 ,平均 4 3岁 ,体重 4 5～ 2 7kg ,平均 9 6kg,≤2岁者 18例 ,>2岁者 14例 ;单纯室间隔缺损 16例 ,室间隔 +房间隔缺损 5例 ,室间隔缺损 +动脉导管未闭 7例 ,室间隔缺损 +房间隔缺损 +动脉导管未闭 3例 ,完全性心内膜垫缺损 1例。术前采用合适的药物治疗 ,控制肺动脉压达满意水平 10～ 15d ,术后坚持使用药物治疗的同时延长呼吸机辅助时间 ,以维持适宜的血气指标在满意的水平。结果　本组 32例 ,治愈 2 9例 ,术后并发肺高压危象 9例 ,右心功能衰竭 3例 ,频发室性早搏 3例 ,低心输出量综合征 4例 ,共死亡 3例。结论　对心间隔缺损并重度肺动脉高压、双向分流者的围术期综合治疗是提高手术成功率的重要环节     

肺表面活性物质治疗婴幼儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征的有效性评价

目的:评价肺表面活性物质(PS)治疗婴幼儿体外循环后急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的有效性。方法:选取ARDS的婴幼儿患者20例,随机均分成2组。2组均常规治疗,治疗组加用PS,观察2组临床疗效。结果:治疗组死亡率明显比对照组低(P<0.05),有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组肺动态顺应性和氧合指数明显改善(P<0.05),机械通气时间和ICU住院时间明显缩短(P<0.05)。结论:PS可有效治疗体外循环后ARDS。     

雾化吸入硝酸甘油对慢性肺心病血流动力学的影响

目的 观察雾化吸入硝酸甘油对慢性肺心病血流动力学的影响.方法 将60例符合条件的慢性肺心病住院患者随机分为治疗组和对照组.对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用雾化吸入硝酸甘油,3d后观察二组的临床疗效.结果 治疗组显效率73.3%,总有效率为90.0%;对照组显效率为46.7%,总有效率为67.2%,治疗后二组疗效对比,显效率和总有效率差异均有统计学意义(P＜.05).雾化吸入硝酸甘油10 min、60 mim、1 d、2 d和3 d右室射血前期(RPEP)/加速时间(AT)、肺动脉平均压(PAMP)均较吸入前基础值明显下降(P＜.05).而HR、平均动脉压(MAP)、肺动脉峰值血流速度(PA)及雾化吸入硝酸甘油后与吸入前基础值相比均无明显变化(P＜0..05).结论 雾化吸入硝酸甘油可以降低慢性肺心病肺动脉高压,改善肺动脉高压患者肺循环的血流动力学,而对体循环无明显影响.     

超声检测腺苷对先天性心脏病肺动脉高压血流动力学效应

目的　观察外周静脉注射腺苷对先天性心脏病肺动脉高压的血流动力学影响。方法　选取先天性心脏病肺动脉高压患者 30例 ,肘静脉注射腺苷 75 μg/ kg,应用彩色多普勒超声心动图检测心率、平均动脉压、肺动脉收缩压、肺循环阻力、体循环阻力、肺动脉 /主动脉收缩压比值、肺循环 /体循环血流量比值及心室射血分数的变化 ,并与用药前的各项指标相比较。结果　静脉注射腺苷后 ,肺动脉收缩压、肺循环阻力及肺动脉 /主动脉收缩压比值与用药前比较明显下降 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而肺循环 /体循环血流量比值及右室射血分数增加 (P<0 .0 5 )。心率、平均动脉压、体循环阻力、左室射血分数用药前后无明显变化 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　腺苷选择性地作用于肺血管 ,降低肺动脉压力及肺循环阻力 ,并改善右心功能 ,可作为判定肺动脉高压是否可逆的理想指标     

无创正压通气联合甲泼尼龙治疗急性肺水肿

目的探讨无创双水平正压通气联合注射用甲泼尼龙,治疗各种急性心源性与非心源性肺水肿的临床疗效。方法对138例经常规药物治疗,症状仍不能缓解的急性心源性与非心源性肺水肿患者,观察经无创双水平正压通气联合注射用甲泼尼龙治疗前后,心率、平均动脉压、呼吸频率及动脉血气中pH、PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2等的变化。结果治疗后,心率、呼吸频率较通气前明显减慢,平均动脉压下降,肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP)下降,肺动脉压(PAP)下降,动脉血气中pH、PaO2、SaO2明显改善(P均<0.01)。结论无创正压通气联合甲泼尼龙能迅速纠正低氧血压,改善心功能,防止病情恶化,提高抢救成功率。     

Central and regional hemodynamic effects of nitrendipine in normotensive patients with chronic obstructive lung disease

Central and regional hemodynamic studies were performed before and after administration of nitrendipine, a recently introduced calcium-channel blocker, in 10 normotensive patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. None of them had a mean pulmonary artery pressure higher than 20 mm Hg. Ninety minutes after oral intake of 20 mg nitrendipine, cardiac output increased by 22%, heart rate increased by 12%, mean arterial pressure decreased by 7%, and pulmonary artery pressures as well as filling pressures of the heart did not change. Venous admixture and alveolar to arterial PO2 gradients increased by 54% and 22%, respectively. Hepatic blood flow increased by 33%. Renal blood flow remained unchanged and glomerular filtration rate decreased by 11%. Thus, in normotensive patients, nitrendipine administration induces systemic vasodilatation with an apparently reflex increase in cardiac output. These effects are accompanied by a deterioration in pulmonary gas exchange, increase in hepatic perfusion, no change in renal perfusion, and possibly a slight deterioration in renal function.     

Cardiac output during excitation of chemoreflexes in the cat

In cats under chloralose anaesthesia the reflex fall of blood pressure and heart rate caused by injection of veratrine, amidines, diphenhydramine, or ethyl acetoacetate was accompanied by a fall in cardiac output. After veratrine and amidines there was a fall in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and after veratrine no significant change in pulmonary vascular resistance. After diphenhydramine and ethyl acetoacetate there was a rise in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and after diphenhydramine an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. The effects of veratrine and amidines, but not those of diphenhydramine and ethyl acetoacetate, were abolished by section of the vagi. The main change leading to the fall of cardiac output after amidines was bradycardia.     

纳洛酮治疗肺性脑病45例临床观察

目的：研究纳洛酮对肺性脑病患者的治疗效果。方法：68例出现肺性脑病的患者被随机分成两组。治疗组45例采用纳洛酮治疗，对照组23例采用尼可刹米和洛贝林治疗。结果：治疗组在8h内较对照组有较高的苏醒率，且苏醒所需时间短。8h后治疗组的心率、呼吸频率以及PaCO2的平均水平较对照组低，而PaO2较对照组高。结论：纳洛酮能有效地改善患者的通气，明显地加快肺性脑病患者的苏醒。     

机械通气在抢救急性左心衰并呼吸衰竭中疗效分析

目的 探讨机械通气在抢救急性左心衰并呼吸衰竭时的方法和临床疗效.方法 对40例急性左心衰并发呼吸衰竭患者进行机械通气,分析该治疗前后患者血压、心率、呼吸频率、动脉血气(PH、PaO2、SaCO2、PaCO2、HCO3)及X线胸片的变化,总结机械通气治疗急性左心衰的方法和效果.结果 急性左心衰并发呼吸衰竭机械通气之后1h、12h较通气之前的平均血压有所下降(分别为125.0/76.0、115.0/70.5、131.0/78.5mm Hg,1mm Hg=0.133kPa);通气后12h与通气前比较,P＜0.05;平均心率减慢(分别为98、85、110次/min),通气后12h与通气前比较,P＜0.01;平均呼吸频率减慢(分别为22.0、21.0、26.5次/min,均P＜0.05);SaO2显著改善(分别为93.0%、95.5%、82.0%,均P＜0.01);平均PaO2明显增高(从48.9mm Hg增加至90.1mm Hg,P＜0.01),其他动脉血气分析指标无明显变化;治疗前后X线胸片提示肺水肿明显改善.结论 正压机械通气可作为治疗各种原因(包括冠心病急性心肌梗死)引起的急性左心衰并呼吸衰竭的重要辅助措施.     

Acute haemodynamic responses to inhaled nitric oxide and intravenous sildenafil in distal chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)

INTRODUCTION: Although surgery is the treatment of choice for CTEPH, it is not appropriate for patients with surgically inaccessible distal disease. These patients are traditionally managed supportively, but may benefit from newer, more specific vasoactive therapies. This study examines the acute haemodynamic responses to inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and intravenous sildenafil in this patient population. METHODS: Nine patients with de novo distal CTEPH and nine with persistent pulmonary hypertension post-pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) were enrolled. At right heart catheterisation, following baseline haemodynamic measurements, iNO was administered at 20 ppm for 10 min. Following repeat measurements, iNO was discontinued with a subsequent washout period of 10 min. Sildenafil was then administered intravenously at two doses, to achieve plasma levels equivalent to 25 mg and 50 mg orally, with further measurements obtained at the end of each infusion. RESULTS: Significant reductions in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were demonstrated following both iNO (-4.3 mm Hg or -10.3% p=0.001 and -101 dyn/s/cm(5) or -15.6% p<0.001) and sildenafil (-7.4 mm Hg or -16.9% p<0.001 and -188.8 dyn/s/cm(5) or -25.1% p<0.001). Individual mPAP and cardiac output (CO) responses to iNO and sildenafil correlated well, but haemodynamic changes following sildenafil were consistently more marked. There was, however, no difference in effect between the two doses of sildenafil. Although sildenafil caused significant reductions in systemic vascular resistance, the net haemodynamic effect of sildenafil remained pulmonary selective. Subgroup analysis suggested that post-PEA patients were more responsive to both iNO and sildenafil than de novo patients. DISCUSSION: Although all but one patient failed to fulfil the formal haemodynamic response criteria typically used in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), subjects displayed significant acute responses to both iNO and sildenafil suggesting that increased vascular tone forms an important component of distal CTEPH. It is possible that these acute haemodynamic responses may translate to improved clinical outcomes, and thus further long term trials of sildenafil in distal CTEPH are warranted.     

Nitric oxide inhalation modulates endothelin-1 plasma concentration gradients following left ventricular assist device implantation

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy is an effective treatment of pulmonary hypertension following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. As iNO may also modulate circulating endothelin-1 (ET-1) and big endothelin following LVAD implantation, we investigated the effects of iNO on ET-1 and big endothelin plasma concentration gradients. In order to assist weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, iNO was administered to 15 consecutive patients with secondary pulmonary hypertension following implantation of a LVAD. Central venous, pulmonary arterial and arterial ET-1 and big endothelin plasma levels were measured preoperatively, on cardiopulmonary bypass prior to iNO administration, 12, 24 and 48 hours postoperatively, and 72 hours after weaning from iNO. The ET-1 gradients between central venous and pulmonary arterial plasma levels decreased significantly with time, and there was a trend for lower arterial-pulmonary arterial plasma concentration gradients. Big endothelin plasma concentration gradients were not altered significantly. The decrease in ET-1 plasma concentration gradients during and after iNO administration may reflect a restoration of the physiologic balance between the different vascular beds. This provides further evidence that intermittent iNO therapy may modulate ET-1 after LVAD implantation.