电针对糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠胃窦部INS及IR表达的影响

目的 观察电针“足三里”等穴对糖尿病胃轻瘫(diabetic gastroparesis,DGP)模型大鼠胰岛素及其受体表达的影响,探讨电针调整血糖、改善DGP胃肠动力的可能机制.方法 将50只SD大鼠随机分为5组,即空白对照组、DGP模型对照组、电针穴位组、电针非穴组、胃复安对照组,每组10只.造模组按55 mg/kg单次右下腹腔注射2％链脲佐菌素(STZ)联合高脂高糖不规律饮食建立DGP模型,连续喂养8周,每周用强生稳豪倍易型血糖仪及试纸测量血糖,尿糖试纸测量尿糖.电针穴位取大鼠“足三里”、“梁门”、“三阴交”,电针非穴组取大鼠“足三里”、“梁门”、“三阴交”的穴位对照点,胃复安对照组予1.7％胃复安药液(1 ml/100 g)灌胃.治疗结束后,以酚红为标志物,观察各组大鼠胃排空率及小肠移行率,以ELISA法检测胃窦部胰岛素(INS)及胰岛素受体(IR)的表达.结果 与空白对照组比较,模型组血糖水平、症状积分明显升高,胃排空率、小肠移行率、胃窦部INS、IR含量明显降低(R0.01);与模型组比较,电针穴位组血糖水平及症状积分明显降低,胃排空率及小肠移行率、胃窦组织INS及IR表达升高(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),与电针穴位组比较,电针非穴组、胃复安对照组症状积分升高、胃窦部INS、IR含量明显减少(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 电针能降低DGP大鼠血糖,促进DGP大鼠胃肠动力,其作用机制可能与增加胃窦部INS及IR含量有关.     

电针对糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠胃排空率及胃电图的影响

目的：观察电针对糖尿病胃轻瘫（diabetic gastroparesis,DGP）大鼠胃排空率及胃电图的影响。方法将实验大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、电针穴位组、电针非穴组、胃复安组,每组10只。 DGP模型制备采用单次腹腔注射2％链脲佐菌素溶液和高糖高脂饮食喂养8周的方法。电针穴位组取大鼠“足三里”“梁门”“三阴交”穴,电针非穴组取穴位对照点,胃复安组予1.7%胃复安药液（1 mL/100 g）灌胃。用血糖仪测血糖;以酚红为标记物,检测大鼠胃排空率及小肠推进率;BL-420F生物机能系统记录大鼠胃电图。结果与空白组比较,模型组、电针穴位组、电针非穴组和胃复安组大鼠症状积分、血糖均显著升高（P＜0.01）,模型组胃排空率显著降低（P＜0.01）,模型组、电针穴位组、电针非穴组和胃复安组小肠推进率显著降低（P＜0.01）,模型组、电针非穴组胃电图平均振幅显著降低（P＜0.01）;与模型组比较,电针穴位组症状积分、血糖显著下降（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）,胃排空率、小肠推进率明显增加（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）,胃电图平均振幅明显增高（P＜0.05）;与电针非穴组比较,电针穴位组症状积分明显下降（P＜0.05）;与胃复安组比较,电针穴位组症状积分显著下降（P＜0.01）。结论电针可改善DGP模型大鼠一般状况,控制血糖水平,促进胃排空,改善胃运动障碍,调节胃电图平均振幅。     

电针对糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠MTL、GAS的影响

目的:观察电针对糖尿病胃轻瘫(DGP)大鼠胃排空的作用,及对血胃动素(MTL)和胃泌素(GAS)的影响.方法:将30只DGP造模成功的SD大鼠随机分2组,即电针组和模型组各15只;另以15只健康的SD大鼠为对照组.电针组给予电针(穴位:后三里、中脘、胃俞、胰俞)治疗,模型组和对照组不做任何治疗.结果:模型组与对照组相比较,胃排空功能显著降低(P<0.01),提示DGP模型诱导成功;电针组与模型组相比较,胃排空功能明显增强(P<0.01);模型大鼠血的MTL含量显著升高,经治疗后电针组的含量下降,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);模型大鼠血的GAS含量较电针组和对照组均增高,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:电针可通过降低糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠血液中MTL、GAS的含量,从而促进其胃排空作用.     

电针对功能性消化不良大鼠胃肠动力及胃窦组织SS的影响

目的观察电针对功能性消化不良(FD)大鼠胃排空、小肠推进率及胃窦组织生长抑素(SS)含量的影响。方法将30只SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、电针组,每组10只,采用夹尾刺激法配合隔日进食制备FD大鼠模型,治疗结束后,检测三组的胃排空率和小肠推进率,应用免疫组织化学法检测胃窦组织中SS的含量。结果与空白组比较,模型组大鼠胃排空和小肠推进率明显延迟(P0.01);电针组较模型组胃排空和小肠推进率增加(P0.05)。与空白组相比,模型组大鼠胃窦组织中的SS含量明显升高,电针组大鼠胃窦组织中SS含量明显降低。结论电针治疗可调节功能性消化不良模型大鼠胃窦组织SS的表达,加速胃排空,改善功能性消化不良症状。     

电针对功能性消化不良大鼠中枢及外周胃动素相关肽及其受体GHSR-1a的影响

目的观察电针对功能性消化不良大鼠中枢及外周胃动素相关肽胃饥饿素(Ghrelin)及其受体生长激素促分泌素受体-1a(GHSR-1a)的影响。方法将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、药物组、电针组,每组10只。除正常组外均采用多因素干预法造模,造模成功后分别给予电针足三里及西药对照治疗4周,测定大鼠胃内残留率及小肠推进率,Western blot法测定大鼠下丘脑与胃窦的Ghrelin及GHSR-1a的表达。结果与正常组相比,模型组大鼠胃窦与下丘脑的Ghrelin、GHSR-1a的表达及小肠推进率均明显降低(P0.01),胃内残留率明显升高(P0.01);与模型组相比,电针组大鼠下丘脑与胃窦的Ghrelin及GHSR-1a的表达及小肠推进率均明显升高(P0.05或P0.01),胃内残留率明显降低(P0.05),且电针组与药物组无显著差异(P0.05)。结论电针可以升高中枢及外周Ghrelin及GHSR-1a的表达水平,调节胃肠道活动,这可能是电针治疗功能性消化不良的作用机制。     

电针对糖尿病大鼠胃窦组织MTL、GAS调控作用研究

目的:观察电针对糖尿病大鼠胃排空及胃窦组织中胃动素(MTL)和胃泌素(Gas)的影响。方法:将24只糖尿病(DM)模型SD大鼠随机分为两组,即电针组和模型组,每组各12只;另以12只健康的SD大鼠为对照组。于DM模型复制后3个月进行血糖、胃排空、MTL及Gas的测定。结果:模型组与对照组相比较,胃排空功能显著降低(P<0.01);电针组与模型组相比较,胃排空均明显增强(P<0.01)。模型组大鼠胃窦组织中MTL及Gas含量显著降低,经治疗后电针组的含量显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:电针具有促进胃排空,升高模型大鼠胃窦组织中MTL和Gas含量的作用,激素含量的增加及其发挥的效应可能是其促胃动力作用机制之一。     

耳电针对链脲佐菌素致糖尿病大鼠胃窦Cajal间质细胞的修复效应

目的：观察低频电针耳穴“胃”对链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin,STZ）致糖尿病大鼠胃窦病理形态、Cajal间质细胞（interstitial cells of Cajal,ICC）、血清胃促生长素（Ghrelin）和血管活性肠肽（vasoactive intestinal peptide,VIP）浓度的影响。方法：24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为模型组、假耳针组、耳针组,每组各8只,腹腔注射STZ（55 mg/kg）诱导糖尿病大鼠模型,造模后第8周假耳针组取耳垂,耳针组取耳穴“胃”进行电针治疗（2 Hz,20 min/次,每天1次,1周5 d,连续2周）,模型组无治疗。比较治疗前、后各组大鼠空腹血清Ghrelin、VIP浓度的改变,治疗结束后取胃窦组织行HE染色、c?Kit免疫组化染色,以及Western blot检测胃窦组织c?Kit蛋白表达水平。结果：治疗后,耳针组血清Ghrelin浓度较治疗前显著上升（P＜0.05）,且高于模型组（P＜0.05）;免疫组化及Western blot结果均显示耳针组胃窦c?Kit蛋白的表达均显著高于模型组与假耳针组（P均＜0.01）。结论：电针耳穴“胃”能够促进糖尿病大鼠胃窦ICC的修复,可能与上调血清Ghrelin有关。     

人参水提物对脾虚小鼠胃肠动力和血清Ghrelin的影响

目的探讨人参水提部位对脾虚小鼠胃肠动力和血清Ghrelin等胃肠激素水平的影响。方法雄性昆明小鼠40只,随机分成空白对照组、模型组、西沙必利组和人参水提物组,每组10只。除空白对照组外,其他3组小鼠连续灌胃大黄水煎剂7 d,制备脾虚病理模型。空白对照组和模型组分别灌胃给予生理盐水0.2 mL/d,西沙必利0.5 mg/(kg·d),人参水提液2.5 g/(kg·d),连续给药6 d。以葡聚糖蓝(BD)作为标记物,观察受试药物对胃内色素相对残留率及小肠推进率的影响;同时应用ELISA法检测血清胃动素(MTL)和Ghrelin的水平。结果与空白组相比,脾虚模型组小鼠胃肠动力显著下降(P 0.01),血清胃动素(MTL)和Ghrelin水平均下降(P 0.05,P 0.01);与模型组比较,西沙必利组和人参水提物组小鼠胃内色素相对残留率显著减少(P 0.01),小肠推进率显著增加(P 0.01),西沙必利组小鼠血清胃动素(MTL)和Ghrelin显著增加(P 0.01),人参水提物组小鼠血清Ghrelin显著增加(P 0.01),而胃动素(MTL)水平无明显变化。结论人参水提物能够通过调节胃肠激素Ghrelin而改善脾虚小鼠胃肠动力不足。     

低频耳电针调节糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠胃动力及共病抑郁机制的实验研究

目的：观察耳电针对糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠行为学、胃排空率和胃窦组织中酪氨酸激酶受体(c-Kit)和促肾上腺皮质释放激素因子(corticotropin releasing factor,CRF)表达的影响,探讨耳电针改善糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠胃排空和抑郁样行为的作用机制。方法：将36只SPF级SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、耳电针组和假耳针组,每组9只。空白对照组腹腔注射柠檬酸钠缓冲液,其余 3 组腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)溶液,随后继续饲养 6 周后开始治疗,耳电针组电针双侧耳穴 “胃”,每日1次,每周5日,连续2周;假耳针组针刺耳垂,不加电。治疗结束后,进行行为学以及胃排空率检测,qRT-PCR检测胃窦组织CRF、c-Kit mRNA 表达,ELISA 检测胃窦组织CRF、c-Kit 蛋白表达。结果：旷场实验中模型组大鼠进入中央区域次数 (CE)、进入中央区域时间百分比(CT%)和进入中央区域距离百分比(CD%)均较空白对照组明显降低(均P ＜ 0.05),耳电针组 CE、CT%和CD%值均较模型组明显升高(均P ＜ 0.05);强迫游泳实验中模型组大鼠漂浮时间百分比(FT%)较空白对照组明显升高(P ＜ 0.05),耳电针组FT%值较模型组明显降低(P ＜ 0.05);与空白对照组相比,模型组大鼠胃排空率显著降低,胃窦中 CRF的mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显升高(P＜0.05),c-Kit的mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显降低(P＜0.05);与模型组和假耳针组比较,耳针组大鼠胃排空率显著升高,胃窦中CRF的mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显降低(P＜0.05),c-Kit的mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显升高(P＜0.05)。结论：低频耳电针可以改善糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠的胃动力与抑郁样行为,其机制可能与调节胃窦组织中相关因子的表达有关。     

枳术饮促胃动力作用及其机制研究

目的探讨枳术饮对功能性消化不良(FD)大鼠胃排空的影响及其可能机制。方法采用大鼠胃电节律失常模型,以葡聚糖蓝-2000为胃肠内标记物,测定各组大鼠胃内色素相对残留率。应用免疫组织化学方法检测胃窦组织乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)阳性产物的表达。结果与空白对照组比较,模型组大鼠胃内色素相对残留率明显升高(P<0.01),胃窦部AchE的阳性产物含量明显减少(P<0.01),VIP明显增加(P<0.05)。枳术饮可显著降低模型大鼠胃内色素相对残留率(P<0.05),显著增加胃窦部AchE的阳性表达,降低VIP(P<0.05)。结论枳术饮能促进FD大鼠胃排空,其促胃动力作用机制可能与胃窦部乙酰胆碱(Ach)增加,VIP减少有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.